4种复方中草药对鲤生长性能及其体成分的影响
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摘要
为了解4种复方中草药对鲤Cyprinus carpio生长性能及其体成分的影响,将用不同组成和配比制备的4种复方中草药,以质量分数为3‰的量分别添加到鲤基础饲料中,试验分为对照组和4个中草药组,复方1由板蓝根、大黄组成,复方2由黄芪、黄柏等组成,复方3由辣蓼、青蒿等组成,复方4由甘草、大黄、五倍子组成,每组3个重复,每个重复放体质量为(15.26±3.95)g的鲤30尾,养殖试验共进行30 d。结果表明:2号和4号复合中草药的使用对鲤生长有一定的促进作用,而1号复合中草药组促生长效果不理想;各组复合中草药的使用不同程度地降低了鲤饲料系数;各复方中草药组鲤粗蛋白质含量略高于对照组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);各复方中草药组鲤氨基酸含量均高于对照组,仅2号复方中草药组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他各组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),2、3、4号复方中草药组鲜味氨基酸含量均高于对照组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);各复方中草药组鲤脂肪酸含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加适宜的复方中草药不仅可以促进鱼类生长,降低饲料系数,而且可以提高鱼肉蛋白质和氨基酸含量,改进氨基酸组成配比,提高鲜味氨基酸含量,改善鱼体的肌肉品质和口感。
Juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body length of(15.26±3.95)g were reared in a 55 cm×55 cm×110 cm net cage disposed in a tank at a density of 30 ind./net and fed four diets containing 3‰ of Chinese herbal medicine compounds including Radix isatidis and Chinese rhubarb(group 1), Astragalus membranaceus and golden cypress(group 2), medicated leaven and Artemisia annua(group 3), licorice and Rheum palmatum(group 4) and without Chinese herbal additive(group 5, as control group) with triplication for 30 days to investigate effects of Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance and body composition of common carp. The results showed that good growth was observed in the fish in group 2 and group 4, and poor growth in the fish in group 1. There was lower food conversion ratio(FCR) in the fish fed the diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compounds compared with that in the control group. The fish fed the diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compounds had higher crude protein levels than the fish fed the control diet did, without significance(P>0.05). Fish fed diet 2 had the significantly higher total amino acid levels(P<0.05)than the fish in the control group did, without significant difference mong the other groups(P>0.05). There were higher flavor amino acid levels in the fish fed diets 2, 3 and 4 than that in the fish fed the control diet, without significant difference(P>0.05). No significant difference in crude fat level was found among each group(P>0.05). The findings indicate that appropriate supplemental amount of Chinese herbal additives leads to some extent to improve the growth performance and muscle quality, and to reduce FCR in fish to some extent.
Juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio with initial body length of(15.26±3.95)g were reared in a 55 cm×55 cm×110 cm net cage disposed in a tank at a density of 30 ind./net and fed four diets containing 3‰ of Chinese herbal medicine compounds including Radix isatidis and Chinese rhubarb(group 1), Astragalus membranaceus and golden cypress(group 2), medicated leaven and Artemisia annua(group 3), licorice and Rheum palmatum(group 4) and without Chinese herbal additive(group 5, as control group) with triplication for 30 days to investigate effects of Chinese herbal medicines on growth performance and body composition of common carp. The results showed that good growth was observed in the fish in group 2 and group 4, and poor growth in the fish in group 1. There was lower food conversion ratio(FCR) in the fish fed the diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compounds compared with that in the control group. The fish fed the diets containing Chinese herbal medicine compounds had higher crude protein levels than the fish fed the control diet did, without significance(P>0.05). Fish fed diet 2 had the significantly higher total amino acid levels(P<0.05)than the fish in the control group did, without significant difference mong the other groups(P>0.05). There were higher flavor amino acid levels in the fish fed diets 2, 3 and 4 than that in the fish fed the control diet, without significant difference(P>0.05). No significant difference in crude fat level was found among each group(P>0.05). The findings indicate that appropriate supplemental amount of Chinese herbal additives leads to some extent to improve the growth performance and muscle quality, and to reduce FCR in fish to some extent.
引文
[1] 赵现敏,孙红英,崔保安,等.中草药免疫增强剂有效成分及其作用机制的研究概况[J].中国畜牧兽医,2006,33(11):50-52.
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[9] 王吉桥,祁彩霞,程爱香,等.黄芪、熟地和山楂等中草药对黄颡鱼生长和消化的影响[J].水产学杂志,2008,21(1):34-41.
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[12] 汤菊芬,陆志款,彭卫正,等.复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、肌肉营养成分和抗病力的影响[J].饲料工业,2008,29(20):23-26.
[13] 莫金凤.复方中草药对杂交鳢生长、肉品质及抗细菌感染能力的影响[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2016.
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[15] 谭娟,邓雨飞,曹宇舰,等.饲料中添加复方中草药对草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉成分及免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):109-113.
[16] 马巧玲,彭晓珍,李大鹏.复方中草药添加剂对施氏鲟肌肉营养成分及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(3):111-116.
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[18] 童圣英,赵艳,李宏,等.几种常用中草药对皱纹盘鲍摄食行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,1998,13(4):71-74.
[19] 张成锋,李冰,钟立强,等.建鲤和黑龙江野鲤杂交与自交F1代肌肉营养成分的比较[J].营养学报,2010,32(2):183-186.
[20] 马爱军,陈四清,雷霁霖,等.大菱鲆鱼体生化组成及营养价值的初步探讨[J].海洋水产研究,2003,24(2):11-14.
[21] 缪凌鸿,刘波,何杰,等.吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(5):635-641.
[2] 孙裔雷,王狄,刘红柏.复方中草药对虹鳟抗氧化能力的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(2):170-174.
[3] 马爱敏,闫茂仓,常维山,等.5种中草药对美国红鱼生长和免疫机能的影响[J].海洋科学,2009,33(12):96-102.
[4] 刘慧吉,刘刚,李耕,等.复方中草药添加剂对花鲈幼鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料工业,2008,29(6):4-7.
[5] 王吉桥,孙永新,张剑诚.金银花等复方草药对牙鲆生长、消化和免疫能力的影响[J].水产学报,2006,30(1):90-96.
[6] 宿斌,刘红柏.饲料中添加复方中草药对哲罗鱼生长、存活及部分生化指标的影响[J].水产学杂志,2013,26(2):35-39.
[7] 郭萍萍,陈增生,胡凡光,等.复合中草药饲料添加剂对大菱鲆生长的影响[J].渔业现代化,2013,40(5):64-68.
[8] 赵倩,陈玉春,高绪娜,等.不同益生菌发酵中草药对鲤鱼生长性能及抗感染能力的研究[J].中国饲料,2017(2):35-39.
[9] 王吉桥,祁彩霞,程爱香,等.黄芪、熟地和山楂等中草药对黄颡鱼生长和消化的影响[J].水产学杂志,2008,21(1):34-41.
[10] 路晶晶,郭冉,齐国山,等.复方中草药对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能及非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2018,33(6):722-728.
[11] 汤菊芬,吴灶和,简纪常,等.复方中草药对罗非鱼生长及肌肉成分的影响[J].饲料工业,2009,30(16):19-21.
[12] 汤菊芬,陆志款,彭卫正,等.复方中草药对凡纳滨对虾生长、肌肉营养成分和抗病力的影响[J].饲料工业,2008,29(20):23-26.
[13] 莫金凤.复方中草药对杂交鳢生长、肉品质及抗细菌感染能力的影响[D].广州:仲恺农业工程学院,2016.
[14] 黄文,盛竹梅.复方中草药对鲤鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响[J].饲料研究,2013(9):78-80.
[15] 谭娟,邓雨飞,曹宇舰,等.饲料中添加复方中草药对草鱼幼鱼生长、肌肉成分及免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2015,42(10):109-113.
[16] 马巧玲,彭晓珍,李大鹏.复方中草药添加剂对施氏鲟肌肉营养成分及品质的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2015,34(3):111-116.
[17] 中国标准出版社第一编辑室.中国农业标准汇编·饲料检测方法卷[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2010:10-699.
[18] 童圣英,赵艳,李宏,等.几种常用中草药对皱纹盘鲍摄食行为的影响[J].大连水产学院学报,1998,13(4):71-74.
[19] 张成锋,李冰,钟立强,等.建鲤和黑龙江野鲤杂交与自交F1代肌肉营养成分的比较[J].营养学报,2010,32(2):183-186.
[20] 马爱军,陈四清,雷霁霖,等.大菱鲆鱼体生化组成及营养价值的初步探讨[J].海洋水产研究,2003,24(2):11-14.
[21] 缪凌鸿,刘波,何杰,等.吉富罗非鱼肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价[J].上海海洋大学学报,2010,19(5):635-641.