丁醇-柴油双燃料发动机的燃烧和排放特性试验研究
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摘要
为了深入研究丁醇同分异构体在双燃料发动机上燃烧和排放的差异,基于1台重型6缸涡轮增压柴油机,在转速1 500 r/min、缸内循环总能量1 280 J/cycle工况下,针对正丁醇-柴油和异丁醇-柴油双燃料的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明:随着柴油喷射定时的提前,正丁醇-柴油和异丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧的最大缸内压力相位、放热率峰值相位和θ_(CA10)提前,最大缸内压力、缸内最高平均温度和燃烧持续期增加,放热率峰值和最大压力升高率先增大后减小,HC,CO和颗粒物排放降低,而NO_x排放先增加后减少。在相同的柴油喷射定时和丁醇替代比条件下,相比于正丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧,异丁醇-柴油双燃料燃烧的θ_(CA10),θ_(CA50)和θ_(CA90)均提前,滞燃期和燃烧持续期变短,最大缸内压力、放热率峰值和最大压力升高率降低,HC和NO_x排放较高,而CO和颗粒物排放较低。
In order to further investigate the differences in combustion and emissions of butanol isomers on a dual fuel engine, the experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics was conducted on a heavy-duty 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel and iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel under the condition of 1 280 J/cycle in-cylinder cycle energy at 1 500 r/min. The results show that the phases of maximum in-cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate and θ_(CA10) advance, the maximum in-cylinder pressure, maximum in-cylinder mean temperature and combustion duration increase, the peak heat release rate, maximum pressure rise rate and NO_x emission first increase and then decrease, HC, CO and particle emissions reduce with the advance of diesel injection timing in the mode of n-butanol/diesel and iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel combustion. Compared with the n-butanol/diesel dual fuel, θ_(CA10), θ_(CA50) and θ_(CA90) of iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel advance, the ignition delay and combustion duration shorten, maximum in-cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate, maximum pressure rise rate, CO and particle emissions decrease, HC and NO_x emissions increase at the premise of using the same diesel injection timing and butanol mixing ratio.
In order to further investigate the differences in combustion and emissions of butanol isomers on a dual fuel engine, the experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics was conducted on a heavy-duty 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine fueled with n-butanol/diesel and iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel under the condition of 1 280 J/cycle in-cylinder cycle energy at 1 500 r/min. The results show that the phases of maximum in-cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate and θ_(CA10) advance, the maximum in-cylinder pressure, maximum in-cylinder mean temperature and combustion duration increase, the peak heat release rate, maximum pressure rise rate and NO_x emission first increase and then decrease, HC, CO and particle emissions reduce with the advance of diesel injection timing in the mode of n-butanol/diesel and iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel combustion. Compared with the n-butanol/diesel dual fuel, θ_(CA10), θ_(CA50) and θ_(CA90) of iso-butanol/diesel dual fuel advance, the ignition delay and combustion duration shorten, maximum in-cylinder pressure, peak heat release rate, maximum pressure rise rate, CO and particle emissions decrease, HC and NO_x emissions increase at the premise of using the same diesel injection timing and butanol mixing ratio.
引文
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[2] Reitz R D,Duraisamy G.Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines[J].Progress in Energy & Combustion Science,2015,46:12-71.
[3] Zhu L,Qian Y,Wang X,et al.Effects of direct injection timing and premixed ratio on combustion and emissions characteristics of RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) with N-heptane/gasoline-like fuels[J].Energy,2015,93:383-392.
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[15] Soloiu V,Duggan M,Harp S,et al.PFI (port fuel injection) of n-butanol and direct injection of biodiesel to attain LTC (low-temperature combustion) for low-emissions idling in a compression engine[J].Energy 2013:52(2):143-154.
[16] Ruiz F A,Cadrazco M,López A F,et al.Impact of dual-fuel combustion with n-butanol or hydrous ethanol on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter[J].Fuel,2015,161(3):18-25.
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[19] Gu X,Huang Z,Wu S,et al.Laminar burning veloci-ties and flame instabilities of butanol isomers-air mixtures[J].Combustion & Flame,2010,157(12):2318-2325.
[20] Stranic I,Chase D P,Harmon J T,et al.Shock tube measurements of ignition delay times for the butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2012,159(2):516-527.
[21] Viteri F,Gracia S,Millera,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot formation in the pyrolysis of the butanol isomers[J].Fuel,2017,197:348-358.
[22] Singh P,Sung C J.PAH formation in counterflow non-premixed flames of butane and butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2016,170:91-110.
[23] 顾小磊,俞建达,黄佐华,等.正丁醇和异丁醇对柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(2):131-137.
[24] 黎长乐.正丁醇及其同分异构体对柴油机低温燃烧影响的试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[25] Al-Hasan Mohammadibrahim,Al-Momany Muntaser.The effect of iso-butanol-diesel blends on engine performance[J].Transport,2008,23(4):306-310.
[26] Inagaki K,Fuyuto T,Nishikawa K,et al.Dual-fuel PCI combustion controlled by in-cylinder stratification of ignitability[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0028.
[27] Frassoldati A,Grana R,Faravelli T,et al.Detailed kinetic modeling of the combustion of the four butanol isomers in premixed low-pressure flames[J].Combustion & Flame,2012,159(7):2295-2311.
[28] Lun P,Zhang Y,Tian Z,et al.Experimental and Kine-tic Study on Ignition Delay Times of iso-Butanol[J].Energy & Fuels,2014,28(3):2160-2169.
[29] Weber B W,Sung C J.Comparative Autoignition Tr-ends in Butanol Isomers at Elevated Pressure[J].Energy & Fuels,2013,27(3):1688-1698.
[30] Karwat D M,Wagnon S W,Wooldridge M S,et al.On the combustion chemistry of n-heptane and n-butanol blends.[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2012,116(51):12406-12421.
[31] Zhang J,Niu S,Zhang Y,et al.Experimental and modeling study of the auto-ignition of n-heptane/n-butanol mixtures[J].Combustion & Flame,2013,160(1):31-39.
[32] Yuan T,Zhang L,Zhou Z,et al.Pyrolysis of n-heptane:experimental and theoretical study[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2011,115(9):1593-1601.
[33] Zheng Z,Li C,Liu H,et al.Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol[J].Fuel,2015,141:109-119.
[34] Liu H,Xin W,Zheng Z,et al.Experimental and simulation investigation of the combustion characteristics and emissions using n -butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel injection on a diesel engine[J].Energy,2014,74(5):741-752.
[35] Nazemi M,Shahbakhti M.Modeling and analysis of fuel injection parameters for combustion and performance of an RCCI engine[J].Applied Energy,2016,165:135-150.
[36] Singh P,Xin H,Sung C J.Soot formation in non-premixed counterflow flames of butane and butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2016,164:167-182.
[2] Reitz R D,Duraisamy G.Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines[J].Progress in Energy & Combustion Science,2015,46:12-71.
[3] Zhu L,Qian Y,Wang X,et al.Effects of direct injection timing and premixed ratio on combustion and emissions characteristics of RCCI (Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition) with N-heptane/gasoline-like fuels[J].Energy,2015,93:383-392.
[4] Pan S,Li X,Han W,et al.An experimental investiga-tion on multi-cylinder RCCI engine fueled with 2-butanol/diesel[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2017,154:92-101.
[5] Jefti? M,Zheng M.A study of the effect of post inje-ction on combustion and emissions with premixing enhanced fueling strategies [J].Applied Energy,2015,157:861-870.
[6] 田维,楚云路,肖邦,等.正丁醇/柴油复合燃烧对轻型柴油机排放的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(6):2312-2319.
[7] 田维,何文潇,马帅,等.正丁醇预混合气对轻型柴油机热效率和排放的影响[J].车用发动机,2017(3):63-67.
[8] Kokjohn S L,Hanson R M,Splitter D A,et al.Fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI):A pathway to controlled high-efficiency clean combustion[J].International Journal of Engine Research,2011,12(3):209-226.
[9] Splitter D A,Martin Wissink,Dan Del Vescovo,et al.RCCI engine operation towards 60% thermal efficiency[C].SAE Paper 2013-01-0279.
[10] Benajes J,Pastor J V,García A,et al.The potential of RCCI concept to meet EURO VI NOx limitation and ultra-low soot emissions in a heavy-duty engine over the whole engine map[J].Fuel,2015,159:952-961.
[11] 尧命发,庞阔,谷静波,等.正丁醇/生物柴油高预混压燃燃烧及排放特性的试验[J].内燃机学报,2013,31(3):193-199.
[12] Jin C,Yao M,Liu H,et al.Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel[J].Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews,2011,15(8):4080-4106.
[13] No S Y.Application of biobutanol in advanced CI engines:A review[J].Fuel,2016,183:641-658.
[14] Chen Z,Liu J,Wu Z,et al.Effects of port fuel injection (PFI) of n-butanol and EGR on combustion and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine[J].Energy Conversion & Management,2013,76(30):725-731.
[15] Soloiu V,Duggan M,Harp S,et al.PFI (port fuel injection) of n-butanol and direct injection of biodiesel to attain LTC (low-temperature combustion) for low-emissions idling in a compression engine[J].Energy 2013:52(2):143-154.
[16] Ruiz F A,Cadrazco M,López A F,et al.Impact of dual-fuel combustion with n-butanol or hydrous ethanol on the oxidation reactivity and nanostructure of diesel particulate matter[J].Fuel,2015,161(3):18-25.
[17] López A F,Cadrazco M,Agudelo A F,et al.Impact of n-butanol and hydrous ethanol fumigation on the performance and pollutant emissions of an automotive diesel engine[J].Fuel,2015,153(7):483-491.
[18] Moss J T,Berkowitz A M,Oehlschlaeger M A,et al.An experimental and kinetic modeling study of the oxidation of the four isomers of butanol[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2008,112(43):10843-10855.
[19] Gu X,Huang Z,Wu S,et al.Laminar burning veloci-ties and flame instabilities of butanol isomers-air mixtures[J].Combustion & Flame,2010,157(12):2318-2325.
[20] Stranic I,Chase D P,Harmon J T,et al.Shock tube measurements of ignition delay times for the butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2012,159(2):516-527.
[21] Viteri F,Gracia S,Millera,et al.Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and soot formation in the pyrolysis of the butanol isomers[J].Fuel,2017,197:348-358.
[22] Singh P,Sung C J.PAH formation in counterflow non-premixed flames of butane and butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2016,170:91-110.
[23] 顾小磊,俞建达,黄佐华,等.正丁醇和异丁醇对柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响[J].内燃机学报,2014,32(2):131-137.
[24] 黎长乐.正丁醇及其同分异构体对柴油机低温燃烧影响的试验研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013.
[25] Al-Hasan Mohammadibrahim,Al-Momany Muntaser.The effect of iso-butanol-diesel blends on engine performance[J].Transport,2008,23(4):306-310.
[26] Inagaki K,Fuyuto T,Nishikawa K,et al.Dual-fuel PCI combustion controlled by in-cylinder stratification of ignitability[C].SAE Paper 2006-01-0028.
[27] Frassoldati A,Grana R,Faravelli T,et al.Detailed kinetic modeling of the combustion of the four butanol isomers in premixed low-pressure flames[J].Combustion & Flame,2012,159(7):2295-2311.
[28] Lun P,Zhang Y,Tian Z,et al.Experimental and Kine-tic Study on Ignition Delay Times of iso-Butanol[J].Energy & Fuels,2014,28(3):2160-2169.
[29] Weber B W,Sung C J.Comparative Autoignition Tr-ends in Butanol Isomers at Elevated Pressure[J].Energy & Fuels,2013,27(3):1688-1698.
[30] Karwat D M,Wagnon S W,Wooldridge M S,et al.On the combustion chemistry of n-heptane and n-butanol blends.[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2012,116(51):12406-12421.
[31] Zhang J,Niu S,Zhang Y,et al.Experimental and modeling study of the auto-ignition of n-heptane/n-butanol mixtures[J].Combustion & Flame,2013,160(1):31-39.
[32] Yuan T,Zhang L,Zhou Z,et al.Pyrolysis of n-heptane:experimental and theoretical study[J].Journal of Physical Chemistry A,2011,115(9):1593-1601.
[33] Zheng Z,Li C,Liu H,et al.Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fueling four isomers of butanol[J].Fuel,2015,141:109-119.
[34] Liu H,Xin W,Zheng Z,et al.Experimental and simulation investigation of the combustion characteristics and emissions using n -butanol/biodiesel dual-fuel injection on a diesel engine[J].Energy,2014,74(5):741-752.
[35] Nazemi M,Shahbakhti M.Modeling and analysis of fuel injection parameters for combustion and performance of an RCCI engine[J].Applied Energy,2016,165:135-150.
[36] Singh P,Xin H,Sung C J.Soot formation in non-premixed counterflow flames of butane and butanol isomers[J].Combustion & Flame,2016,164:167-182.