两种湿度下特高压尺度真型工程间隙操作冲击放电试验观测
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摘要
合理确定输电线路的空气间隙距离是特高压输电工程外绝缘设计的主要问题之一。搭建一套长间隙放电过程同步观测系统,并分别在位于北京与武汉的特高压试验基地开展真型工程间隙(6.7m的导线-杆塔间隙、10m的导线-导线相间间隙)操作冲击放电试验。试验结果表明:在北京地区秋冬季节绝对湿度较低,先导放电趋于连续、稳定发展,先导发展的一维平均速度较小,不同工况下平均值在1.6～2.1cm/μs之间,且速度波动很小。当绝对湿度较大时,先导放电趋于不连续、重燃发展,速度较大,不同工况下平均值范围为4.5～6.5cm/μs,且波动程度很大。
The determination of air gap distances is one of the main issues in the external insulation design of UHV transmission systems. In this paper, a synchronized observation system was set up to obtain the detailed processes of large engineering gap discharges, and the tests of UHV real-size gaps breakdown under switching impulse voltages were carried out at the test bases in Beijing and Wuhan. The results indicate that the absolute humidity has significant influence on leader propagation. Leaders propagate continuously when the absolute humidity is low(experiments in Beijing), and the average velocities under different applied voltages are relatively smaller(1.6 cm/μs to 2.1 cm/μs) with little fluctuation. On the contrary, leaders propagate discontinuously with frequent re-illumination processes when the absolute humidity is high(experiments in Wuhan), and the average velocities are relatively higher(4.5 cm/μs to 6.5 cm/μs) with large fluctuation
The determination of air gap distances is one of the main issues in the external insulation design of UHV transmission systems. In this paper, a synchronized observation system was set up to obtain the detailed processes of large engineering gap discharges, and the tests of UHV real-size gaps breakdown under switching impulse voltages were carried out at the test bases in Beijing and Wuhan. The results indicate that the absolute humidity has significant influence on leader propagation. Leaders propagate continuously when the absolute humidity is low(experiments in Beijing), and the average velocities under different applied voltages are relatively smaller(1.6 cm/μs to 2.1 cm/μs) with little fluctuation. On the contrary, leaders propagate discontinuously with frequent re-illumination processes when the absolute humidity is high(experiments in Wuhan), and the average velocities are relatively higher(4.5 cm/μs to 6.5 cm/μs) with large fluctuation
引文
[1]张楚岩,张福增,陈昌龙,等.高海拔地区直流特高压大尺寸复合外绝缘污闪特性研究[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(12):20-28.Zhang Chuyan,Zhang Fuzeng,Chen Changlong,et al Research on pollution flashover characteristics of large-size composite outdoor insulation for UHV DCin high altitude area[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(12):20-28.
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[10]张文亮,廖蔚明,丁玉剑,等.不同海拔地区同塔双回±660kV直流线路杆塔空气间隙距离的选择[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(34):1-6.Zhang Wenliang,Liao Weiming,Ding Yujian,et al.Selection of the minimum air clearance for±660kVdouble-circuit DC transmission line tower in different altitude areas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(34):1-6.
[11]丁玉剑,廖蔚明,孙昭英,等.±1000kV直流输电线路塔头间隙冲击放电特性试验及海拔校正研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):156-162.Ding Yujian,Liao Weiming,Sun Zhaoying,et al.Experimental studies on impulse flashover characteristics of tower head air gaps of 1000kV DCtransmission lines and altitude correction methods[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):156-162.
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[13]Rodriguez D,Gorur R S,Hansen P M.Effect of humidity on the breakdown characteristics of air in non-uniform fields at 30kHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):45-52.
[14]Gallo C F,Germanos J E,Courtney J E.The effect of humidity and temperature variations on the behavior of wire-to-plane coronas[J].Applied Optics,1969,8(101):111-119.
[15]王清亮,张璐,李舟,等.空气湿度对导线电晕起始电压的影响[J].电力建设,2009,30(8):38-41.Wang Qingliang,Zhang Lu,Li Zhou,et al.Influence of humidity on conductor corona onset voltage[J].Electric Power Construction,2009,30(8):38-41.
[16]Allen N L,Boutlendj M.Study of the electric fields required for streamer propagation in humid air[J].IEE Proceedings A:Science,Measurement and Technology,1991,138(1):37-43.
[17]The Renardières Group.Research on long air gap discharges at les renardières[J].Electra,1972(23):153-157.
[18]The Renardières Group.Research on long air gap discharges at les renardières-1973 results[J].Electra,1974(35):149-156.
[19]Busch W.Air humidity:an important factor for UHVdesign[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978(6):2086-2093.
[20]Gu Shanqiang,Chen Weijiang,Chen Jiahong,et al.Observation of the streamer-leader propagation processes of long air-gap positive discharges[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(2):214-217.
[21]Ding Yujian,Zhuang Chijie,Yao Xiuyuan,et al.Influence of front time on switching impulse discharge characteristics of UHVDC tower gaps[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2019,172:32-37.
[22]Zhou Xuan,Chen She,Wang Hai,et al.Experiment on leader propagation characteristics of air gaps in UHVDC transmission towers under positive switching impulse voltages[J].CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2015,1(3):42-48.
[23]Chen She,Zeng Rong,Zhuang Chijie.Experimental study on branch and diffuse type of streamers in leader restrike of long air gap discharge[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2015,18(3):305-310.
[2]王烜,曹晓珑,宿志一.特高压换流站空气间隙放电特性的海拔修正比较研究[J].电工技术学报,2006,21(6):7-10.Wang Xuan,Cao Xiaolong,Su Zhiyi.Altitude correction for breakdown voltages of air clearance in UHV converter stations[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2006,21(6):7-10.
[3]卢毓欣,韩永霞,朱志芳,等.±1000kV特高压直流换流站绝缘配合[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(增刊1):516-523.Lu Yuxin,Han Yongxia,Zhu Zhifang,et al.The insulation and coordination of±1000kV UHVDCconverter station[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(S1):516-523.
[4]马乃祥.长间隙放电[M].北京:中国电力出版社,1998.
[5]曾嵘,耿屹楠,牛犇,等.空气间隙放电物理参数测量研究进展[J].高电压技术,2011,37(3):528-536.Zeng Rong,Geng Yinan,Niu Ben,et al.Research progress on parameters measurement of air gap discharge[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(3):528-536.
[6]Phillips T A,Robertson L M,Rohlfs A F,et al.Influence of air density on electrical strength of transmission line insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1967(8):948-961.
[7]Harada T,Aoshima Y,Ishida Y,et al.Influence of air density on flashover voltages of air gaps and insulators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1970(6):1192-1202.
[8]Bazelyan E M,Valamat-Zade T G,Shkilev A V.Along spark in the presence of reduced air density[J].Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR,Energetikai Transport,1975,13(6):149-154.
[9]Pigini A,Sartorio G,Moreno M,et al.Influence of air density on the impulse strength of external insulation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1985(10):2888-2900.
[10]张文亮,廖蔚明,丁玉剑,等.不同海拔地区同塔双回±660kV直流线路杆塔空气间隙距离的选择[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(34):1-6.Zhang Wenliang,Liao Weiming,Ding Yujian,et al.Selection of the minimum air clearance for±660kVdouble-circuit DC transmission line tower in different altitude areas[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(34):1-6.
[11]丁玉剑,廖蔚明,孙昭英,等.±1000kV直流输电线路塔头间隙冲击放电特性试验及海拔校正研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(34):156-162.Ding Yujian,Liao Weiming,Sun Zhaoying,et al.Experimental studies on impulse flashover characteristics of tower head air gaps of 1000kV DCtransmission lines and altitude correction methods[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(34):156-162.
[12]Peek F W.Dielectric phenomena in high voltage engineering[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company,Incorporated,1920.
[13]Rodriguez D,Gorur R S,Hansen P M.Effect of humidity on the breakdown characteristics of air in non-uniform fields at 30kHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):45-52.
[14]Gallo C F,Germanos J E,Courtney J E.The effect of humidity and temperature variations on the behavior of wire-to-plane coronas[J].Applied Optics,1969,8(101):111-119.
[15]王清亮,张璐,李舟,等.空气湿度对导线电晕起始电压的影响[J].电力建设,2009,30(8):38-41.Wang Qingliang,Zhang Lu,Li Zhou,et al.Influence of humidity on conductor corona onset voltage[J].Electric Power Construction,2009,30(8):38-41.
[16]Allen N L,Boutlendj M.Study of the electric fields required for streamer propagation in humid air[J].IEE Proceedings A:Science,Measurement and Technology,1991,138(1):37-43.
[17]The Renardières Group.Research on long air gap discharges at les renardières[J].Electra,1972(23):153-157.
[18]The Renardières Group.Research on long air gap discharges at les renardières-1973 results[J].Electra,1974(35):149-156.
[19]Busch W.Air humidity:an important factor for UHVdesign[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1978(6):2086-2093.
[20]Gu Shanqiang,Chen Weijiang,Chen Jiahong,et al.Observation of the streamer-leader propagation processes of long air-gap positive discharges[J].IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science,2010,38(2):214-217.
[21]Ding Yujian,Zhuang Chijie,Yao Xiuyuan,et al.Influence of front time on switching impulse discharge characteristics of UHVDC tower gaps[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2019,172:32-37.
[22]Zhou Xuan,Chen She,Wang Hai,et al.Experiment on leader propagation characteristics of air gaps in UHVDC transmission towers under positive switching impulse voltages[J].CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems,2015,1(3):42-48.
[23]Chen She,Zeng Rong,Zhuang Chijie.Experimental study on branch and diffuse type of streamers in leader restrike of long air gap discharge[J].Plasma Science and Technology,2015,18(3):305-310.