山西土石山区3种草本植物根拉拨特性
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摘要
为了解山西省土石山区固土护坡草本植物根系拉拔特性,筛选拉拔力优势草本植物物种进行水土流失防治,通过开展根系原位拉拔力学试验,研究了3种典型草本植物香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L.)、百喜草(Paspalum notatum Flugge)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)根系拉拔力随根径和土层深度的变化规律。结果显示:3种草本植物根系拉拔力随着根径的增大而增加,且拉拔力与根径之间满足幂函数关系;整体上,根系拉拔力从大到小顺序表现为香根草>黑麦草>百喜草,而且三者之间差异显著;但在D≤0.4 mm和D>0.4 mm两个根径组下,黑麦草均表现出较好的拉拔力性能。在0—10 cm,10—20 cm两个土层间,香根草和百喜草两种植物根系拉拔力性能相似,而黑麦草单根拉拔力在表层土壤发挥效果优于下层土壤。从单根拉拔力方面出发,黑麦草在3种植物中可优先考虑用于固持浅表层土壤。试验探究了草本植物单根在不同根径组下和土层深度下的抗拔性能,研究结果可为山西省土石山区水土保持植物措施草本植物物种选择提供理论依据。
In order to understand root pullout properties of the herbaceous plants and to select proper species for soil and water conservation in earth-rock mountain area in Shanxi Province, root pullout forces of three plant species, Vetiveria zizanioides L., Paspalum notatum Flugge and Lolium perenne L. were studied by in-situ root pullout tests. The results showed that root pullout forces increased with root diameter and the relationships between root pullout force and root diameters of the three herbaceous plants could be described by power function; the root pullout forces of the three herbaceous plants decreased in the order: Vetiveria zizanioides L.>Lolium perenne L.>Paspalum notatum Flugge, and the differences between them were significant; in D≤0.4 mm and D>0.4 mm root groups, Lolium perenne L. showed better pullout property; root pullout forces of Vetiveria zizanioides L. and Paspalum notatumwere were similar in 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm soil layers, while that of Lolium perenne L. was more effective in 0—10 cm soil layer than 10—20 cm soil layer; according to root pullout force, Lolium perenne L. was a priority among the three species in terms of reinforcing shallow soil with herbaceous plant. The root pullout properties of the three herbaceous plants under different root diameter groups and soil depths were studied, and the results could provide theoretic basis for selecting herbaceous species for soil and water conservation in earth-rock mountain area in Shanxi Province.
In order to understand root pullout properties of the herbaceous plants and to select proper species for soil and water conservation in earth-rock mountain area in Shanxi Province, root pullout forces of three plant species, Vetiveria zizanioides L., Paspalum notatum Flugge and Lolium perenne L. were studied by in-situ root pullout tests. The results showed that root pullout forces increased with root diameter and the relationships between root pullout force and root diameters of the three herbaceous plants could be described by power function; the root pullout forces of the three herbaceous plants decreased in the order: Vetiveria zizanioides L.>Lolium perenne L.>Paspalum notatum Flugge, and the differences between them were significant; in D≤0.4 mm and D>0.4 mm root groups, Lolium perenne L. showed better pullout property; root pullout forces of Vetiveria zizanioides L. and Paspalum notatumwere were similar in 0—10 cm and 10—20 cm soil layers, while that of Lolium perenne L. was more effective in 0—10 cm soil layer than 10—20 cm soil layer; according to root pullout force, Lolium perenne L. was a priority among the three species in terms of reinforcing shallow soil with herbaceous plant. The root pullout properties of the three herbaceous plants under different root diameter groups and soil depths were studied, and the results could provide theoretic basis for selecting herbaceous species for soil and water conservation in earth-rock mountain area in Shanxi Province.
引文
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[16]王桂尧,胡圣辉,张永杰,等.小乔木根系根土间作用力的室外拉拔试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):64-69.
[17]欧阳前超,魏杨,周霞,等.土石山区护坡草本植物根系抗拉力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):35-41.
[18]程洪,张新全.草本植物根系网固土原理的力学试验探究[J].水土保持通报,2002,22(5):20-23.
[19]袁雪红,高照良,张翔,等.护坡植物根系分布及抗拉力学特性[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):117-123.
[20]Zhang C,Chen L,Jiang J.Why fine tree roots are stronger than thicker roots:The role of cellulose and lignin in relation to slope stability[J].Geomorphology,2014,206:196-202.
[21]朱锦奇,王云琦,王玉杰,等.根系主要成分含量对根系固土效能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):166-170,177.
[22]刘国彬,蒋定生,朱显谟.黄土区草地根系生物力学特性研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(3):21-28.
[2]陆桂红,杨顺,王钧,等.植物根系固土力学机理的研究进展[J].南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2014,38(2):151-156.
[3]Hales T C,Miniat C F.Soil moisture causes dynamic adjustments to root reinforcement that reduce slope stability[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2017,42(5):803-813.
[4]周跃,陈晓平,李玉辉,等.云南松侧根对浅层土体的水平牵引效应的初步研究[J].植物生态学报,1999,23(5):458-465.
[5]Stokes A,Norris J E,van Beek L P H,et al.How vegetation reinforces the soil on slopes[C]∥Stokes A,Norris J,Mickovski SB,et al.Slope stability and erosion control:ecotechnological solutions.New York:Springer,2008:65-118.
[6]李国荣,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.寒旱环境黄土区灌木根系护坡力学效应研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(1):94-97.
[7]李臻,余芹芹,杨占风,等.西宁盆地两种灌木植物原位拉拔试验及其护坡效应[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(3):206-209.
[8]胡夏嵩,陈桂琛,周国英,等.青藏铁路沱沱河段路基边坡植物护坡根系力学强度试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):107-113.
[9]夏振尧,张伦,陈毅,等.香根草根系与土壤接触特性及抗拔模型研究[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(4):36-41.
[10]李绍才,孙海龙,杨志荣,等.护坡植物根系与岩体相互作用的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2051-2057.
[11]张兴玲,胡夏嵩,毛小青,等.青藏高原东北部黄土区护坡灌木柠条锦鸡儿根系拉拔摩擦试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(S2):3739-3745.
[12]罗春燕,吴楚,芦光新,等.三江源区植物根-土复合体的抗拉拔力特征及影响因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(5):260-266,271.
[13]田佳,曹兵,及金楠,等.防风固沙灌木花棒沙柳根系生物力学特性[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(23):192-198.
[14]郑力文,刘小光,涂志华,等.油松群根与土壤界面摩擦特性研究[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(1):84-87.
[15]管世烽,夏振尧,张伦,等.水平荷载作用下多花木蓝根系拉拔试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2016,33(6):24-28.
[16]王桂尧,胡圣辉,张永杰,等.小乔木根系根土间作用力的室外拉拔试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):64-69.
[17]欧阳前超,魏杨,周霞,等.土石山区护坡草本植物根系抗拉力学特性[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(4):35-41.
[18]程洪,张新全.草本植物根系网固土原理的力学试验探究[J].水土保持通报,2002,22(5):20-23.
[19]袁雪红,高照良,张翔,等.护坡植物根系分布及抗拉力学特性[J].南水北调与水利科技,2016,14(5):117-123.
[20]Zhang C,Chen L,Jiang J.Why fine tree roots are stronger than thicker roots:The role of cellulose and lignin in relation to slope stability[J].Geomorphology,2014,206:196-202.
[21]朱锦奇,王云琦,王玉杰,等.根系主要成分含量对根系固土效能的影响[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(3):166-170,177.
[22]刘国彬,蒋定生,朱显谟.黄土区草地根系生物力学特性研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1996,2(3):21-28.