甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交后代形态学与细胞学研究
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摘要
[目的]培育稳定的粉红色观光类油菜新品种。[方法]对甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交F_6代进行形态学观察、体细胞观察、花粉母细胞观察。[结果]甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交F_6代的20个株系中,存在15个粉红花色株系,3个淡粉色株系和2个橘红花色株系,其花瓣直径均大于亲本油菜。在株高、分支起点、一次分枝数、主花序长度、主花序角果数等性状上,属间杂种平均比亲本油菜减少18.5%～81.2%。杂种细胞染色体数目变化于40～48条间,42条最多。终变期花粉母细胞减数分裂配对构型主要为21个二价体,后期I大多数表现出19∶23、19∶25和22∶25的分离方式,并观察到染色体落后等异常现象。[结论]该研究为选育经济性状优异且保留粉红色特征的油菜资源材料奠定了基础。
[Objective] Breeding stable new pink sightseeing rapeseed varieties.[Method]Morphological observation,somatic cell observation and pollen mother cell observation were carried out on F_6 generation of intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus.[Result]Among the 20 lines of hybrid F_6 generation between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus,there were 15 lines of pink color,3 lines of light pink color and 2 lines of orange color.On the characters of plant height,branch starting point,primary branch number,main inflorescence length and main inflorescence pods,the intergeneric hybrids reduced by 18.5%-81.2% compared with the parent rapeseed.The number of chromosomes in hybrid cells varied from 40 to 48,with 42 being the most.The mating configuration of meiosis of pollen mother cells in the final stage was mainly 21 divalent bodies,and most of the later stage I showed the separation patterns of 19∶23,19∶25 and 22∶25,and abnormal phenomena such as chromosome lag were observed.[Conclusion]This study laid a foundation for breeding rapeseed resource materials with excellent economic traits and retaining pink characteristics.
[Objective] Breeding stable new pink sightseeing rapeseed varieties.[Method]Morphological observation,somatic cell observation and pollen mother cell observation were carried out on F_6 generation of intergeneric hybridization between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus.[Result]Among the 20 lines of hybrid F_6 generation between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus,there were 15 lines of pink color,3 lines of light pink color and 2 lines of orange color.On the characters of plant height,branch starting point,primary branch number,main inflorescence length and main inflorescence pods,the intergeneric hybrids reduced by 18.5%-81.2% compared with the parent rapeseed.The number of chromosomes in hybrid cells varied from 40 to 48,with 42 being the most.The mating configuration of meiosis of pollen mother cells in the final stage was mainly 21 divalent bodies,and most of the later stage I showed the separation patterns of 19∶23,19∶25 and 22∶25,and abnormal phenomena such as chromosome lag were observed.[Conclusion]This study laid a foundation for breeding rapeseed resource materials with excellent economic traits and retaining pink characteristics.
引文
[1] WAN Y P,SNOWDON R J,RUDLOFF E,et al.Cytogenetic characterization and fae1 gene variation in progenies from asymmetric somatic hybrids between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica[J].Genome,2004,47(4):724-731.
[2] WAN Y P,SONNTAG K,RUDIOFF E.Development of rapeseed with high erucic acid content by asymmetric somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica[J].Theor Appl Genet,2003,106(7):1147-1155.
[3] XU L Y,LUO P,LAN Z Q.A study on distant hybridization between Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus var.oleifera and the formation of amphidiploids[J].Acta genetica sinica,1996,23(2):124-130.
[4] SANDLER L,NOVITSKI E.Meiotic drive as an evolutionary force[J].The American naturalist,1957,91(857):105-110.
[5] GANETZKY B.Yuichiro hiraizumi and forty years of segregation distortion[J].Genetics,1999,152(1):1-4.
[6] 李再云.甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜远缘杂交研究和诸葛菜的应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,1992.
[7] 蔺兴武,吴建国,石春海.远缘杂交油菜核不育系的创建及其细胞学和形态学研究[J].遗传,2005,27(3):403-409.
[8] 王爱凡,康雷,李鹏飞,等.我国甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交和种质创新研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):691-698.
[9] 马霓.高油酸的甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交新材料的细胞学和遗传学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[10] 徐传远.三大类型油菜与诸葛菜远缘杂交后代的选育及遗传分析[J].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.
[2] WAN Y P,SONNTAG K,RUDIOFF E.Development of rapeseed with high erucic acid content by asymmetric somatic hybridization between Brassica napus and Crambe abyssinica[J].Theor Appl Genet,2003,106(7):1147-1155.
[3] XU L Y,LUO P,LAN Z Q.A study on distant hybridization between Brassica napus and Raphanus sativus var.oleifera and the formation of amphidiploids[J].Acta genetica sinica,1996,23(2):124-130.
[4] SANDLER L,NOVITSKI E.Meiotic drive as an evolutionary force[J].The American naturalist,1957,91(857):105-110.
[5] GANETZKY B.Yuichiro hiraizumi and forty years of segregation distortion[J].Genetics,1999,152(1):1-4.
[6] 李再云.甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜远缘杂交研究和诸葛菜的应用研究[D].成都:四川大学,1992.
[7] 蔺兴武,吴建国,石春海.远缘杂交油菜核不育系的创建及其细胞学和形态学研究[J].遗传,2005,27(3):403-409.
[8] 王爱凡,康雷,李鹏飞,等.我国甘蓝型油菜远缘杂交和种质创新研究进展[J].中国油料作物学报,2016,38(5):691-698.
[9] 马霓.高油酸的甘蓝型油菜与诸葛菜属间杂交新材料的细胞学和遗传学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2006.
[10] 徐传远.三大类型油菜与诸葛菜远缘杂交后代的选育及遗传分析[J].武汉:华中农业大学,2007.