杭州湾东北部渔业资源群落结构的季度变化
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摘要
根据2017年春夏秋3个季度在杭州湾东北部开展定置张网调查所获得的数据,应用种类组成、优势种、特征种和ABC曲线等分析定置张网渔业资源群落结构特征。结果显示:杭州湾东北部3个季度共捕获渔业资源48种,主要由30种鱼类和16种虾蟹类组成,且不同季度物种相似性水平均低于25%,为极不相似水平。根据适温性及生态习性将鱼类分成5种生态类型;根据适温性及盐度将虾蟹类分为2种生态类型。凤鲚及安氏白虾为3个季度的共同优势种及特征种,葛氏长臂虾为夏秋季的共同优势种及特征种。不同季节的多样性指数并未出现显著差异,秋季相对其他季节能维持更高的多样性。等级聚类分析和非度量多维标度排序发现春季聚为Ⅰ组,夏季和秋季为Ⅱ组。ABC曲线结果显示,夏季和秋季杭州湾东北部渔业资源结构受到了中等程度及以上的干扰,且受干扰程度高于春季。因此,春夏季是杭州湾东北部渔业资源群落结构变动较大的季度,而夏秋季渔业资源群落结构变化相对较小。
The fishery resources community structure of set net was analyzed by composition and dominant species and characteristic species and abundance-biomass comparison curve based on the fishery resources data collected from Northeast Hangzhou Bay in the first three quarters of 2017.The results showed that 48 species including 30 fish species and 16 crustacean species were collected in three seasons. Jaccard similarity coefficient in different seasons was lower than 25%(significant nonsimilar level).The fish in the catch were divided into 5 ecological types according to the thermophilicity and ecological habits and crustacean species were divided into two types according to the thermal adaptation and salinity. There was no distinct change of diversity index among three seasons.Relatively higher diversity was observed in the autumn. Hierarchical cluster analysis and MDS analysis showed that the fishery resources communitie sin summer and autumn were clustered together. ABC curves showed that fishery resources communities were moderately affected in summer and autumn relative to spring.The great variation was observed in spring and summer in the Northeast Hangzhou Bay and minor variations in summer and autumn.
The fishery resources community structure of set net was analyzed by composition and dominant species and characteristic species and abundance-biomass comparison curve based on the fishery resources data collected from Northeast Hangzhou Bay in the first three quarters of 2017.The results showed that 48 species including 30 fish species and 16 crustacean species were collected in three seasons. Jaccard similarity coefficient in different seasons was lower than 25%(significant nonsimilar level).The fish in the catch were divided into 5 ecological types according to the thermophilicity and ecological habits and crustacean species were divided into two types according to the thermal adaptation and salinity. There was no distinct change of diversity index among three seasons.Relatively higher diversity was observed in the autumn. Hierarchical cluster analysis and MDS analysis showed that the fishery resources communitie sin summer and autumn were clustered together. ABC curves showed that fishery resources communities were moderately affected in summer and autumn relative to spring.The great variation was observed in spring and summer in the Northeast Hangzhou Bay and minor variations in summer and autumn.
引文
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[2] RITTER C,MONTAGNA P A,APPLEBAUM S.Short-term succession dynamics of macrobenthos in a salinity-stressed estuary[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2005,323(1):57-69.
[3] DESROY N,JANSON A L,DENIS L,et al.The intra-annual variability of soft-bottom macrobenthos abundance patterns in the North Channel of the Seine Estuary[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,588(1):173-188.
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[6] 刘勇,洪明进,叶泉土.闽南海区休渔前后张网作业渔获物组成比较分析[J].福建水产,2008(4):60-63.LIU Y,HONGM J,YE Q T.Comparison of swing net catch before and after closed fishing seasons in Minnan sea waters[J].Journal of Fujian Fisheries,2008(4):60-63.
[7] 张龙,徐汉祥,王甲刚,等.舟山沿岸定置张网作业休渔前后鱼类组成分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2011,30(1):1-8.ZHANG L,XU H X,WANG J G,et al.Composition of set-net catch before and after fishing off season in Zhoushan coast areas[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2011,30(1):1-8.
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[13] 袁梦,陈作志,张俊,等.南海北部陆坡海域中层渔业生物群落结构特征[J].南方水产科学,2018,14(1):85-91.YUAN M,CHEN Z Z,ZHANG J,et al.Community structure of mesopelagic fish species in northern slope of South China Sea[J].South China Fisheries Science,2018,14(1):85-91.
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[16] 徐勇,线薇微,李文龙.长江口及其邻近海域春季无脊椎动物群落时空变化[J].生物多样性,2014,22(3):311-319.XU Y,XIAN W W,LI W L.Spatial and temporal variations of invertebrate community in the Yangtze River Estuary and its adjacent waters[J].Biodiversity Science,2014,22(3):311-319.
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[18] 杜飞雁,王雪辉,贾晓平,等.大亚湾海域大型底栖生物种类组成及特征种[J].中国水产科学,2011,18(4):877-892.DU F Y,WANG X H,JIA X P,et al.Species composition and characteristics of macrobenthic fauna in Daya Bay,South China Sea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2011,18(4):877-892.
[19] CLARKEKR,AINSWORTHM.A method of linking multivariate community structure to environmental variables[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1993,92(3):205-219.
[20] CLARKEK R,WARWICKR M.Change in marine communities:an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation[M].2nd ed.PRIMER-E:Plymout,2001.
[21] 晏磊,谭永光,杨吝,等.南海珠江口沿岸张网渔业资源群落结构分析[J].生物学杂志,2015,32(5):52-57.YAN L,TAN Y G,YANG L,et al.The resources community structure of stow-net fishery in the Pearl River Estuary coastal waters of the South China Sea[J].Journal of Biology,2015,32(5):52-57.
[22] 庞敏,周青松,俞存根,等.杭州湾海域春秋季虾蟹类群落结构及生物多样性分析[J].浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版),2015,34(1):1-8.PANG M,ZHOU Q S,YU C G,et al.Community structure and diversity of crustacea in Hangzhou Bay during spring and autumn[J].Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University(Natural Science),2015,34(1):1-8.
[23] 谢旭,俞存根,周青松,等.杭州湾海域春秋季鱼类种类组成和数量分布[J].海洋与湖沼,2013,44(3):656-663.XIE X,YU C G,ZHOU Q S,et al.Species composition and quantitative distribution of fishes in the Hangzhou Bay during Spring and Autumn[J].Oceanologiaet Limnologia Sinica,2013,44(3):656-663.
[24] 王淼,洪波,安传光,等.丰、枯水期杭州湾东北部渔业资源多样性及数量分布[J].上海海洋大学学报,2016,25(2):246-254.WANG M,HONG B,AN C G,et al.Diversity and density distribution of fishery resources in Northeast of Hangzhou Bay during flood and drought seasons[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2016,25(2):246-254.
[25] 倪勇.长江口区凤鲚的渔业及其资源保护[J].中国水产科学,1999,6(5):75-77.NI Y.Fishery resources conservation for Coilia mystus in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,1999,6(5):75-77.
[26] 周永东,薛利建,徐开达.舟山近海凤鲚Coilia mystus(Linnaeus)的生物学特性研究[J].现代渔业信息,2004,19(8):19-21.ZHOU Y D,XUE L J,XU K D.A study on biological characteristics of Coilia mystus(Linnaeus) offshore of Zhoushan[J].Modern Fisheries Information,2004,19(8):19-21.
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