低空反无人机技术现状与发展趋势
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摘要
近年来,随着无人机技术的不断发展与完善,无人机不仅在军事领域发挥着重要作用,在民用领域也得到了广泛应用。然而,随着使用难度的不断降低,无人机在给人们生产生活带来巨大便利的同时,其"黑飞"与滥用也给国家、社会和人民造成了安全危害。因此,对低空无人机进行反制与防护的需求在军、民领域均十分强烈。围绕无人机在不同领域的应用状况,介绍了低空无人机非合作飞行带来的安全问题,对威胁种类及来源进行了讨论;在此基础上,着重对国内外反无人机技术的发展现状进行了深入分析,对现有反无人机技术体系的组成及相关系统的优缺点进行了综述。此外,结合低空反无人机系统研发的智能化、一体化、自主化问题,分析并讨论了低空反无人机中探测与防护关键技术的未来发展趋势。
Recently,with the continuous development and improvement of UAV technology,the UAV not only plays an important role in the military field but is widely used in the civil field as well.However,with the continuous reduction of the difficulties in the use of the UAV,it brings tremendous convenience to people's life and production.At the same time,the abuse of UAV also pose a huge safety hazard to the country,society and citizens.Therefore,the demand for countermeasure and protection against low-altitude drones is very strong in the military and civilian areas.The application of UAV in different fields is focused on,the safety problems caused by UAVs flying at low altitude are introduced,and the types and sources of threats are discussed.On this basis,the domestic and foreign anti-UAV technology in-depth analysis of the status quo is focused on,the advantages and disadvantages of the existing anti-UAV technology and related systems are summarized.In addition,the future development trend of key technologies of detection and protection in low-altitude anti-UAV is analyzed and discussed combined with the intelligence,integration and autonomous problems in research and development of low-altitude UAV systems.
Recently,with the continuous development and improvement of UAV technology,the UAV not only plays an important role in the military field but is widely used in the civil field as well.However,with the continuous reduction of the difficulties in the use of the UAV,it brings tremendous convenience to people's life and production.At the same time,the abuse of UAV also pose a huge safety hazard to the country,society and citizens.Therefore,the demand for countermeasure and protection against low-altitude drones is very strong in the military and civilian areas.The application of UAV in different fields is focused on,the safety problems caused by UAVs flying at low altitude are introduced,and the types and sources of threats are discussed.On this basis,the domestic and foreign anti-UAV technology in-depth analysis of the status quo is focused on,the advantages and disadvantages of the existing anti-UAV technology and related systems are summarized.In addition,the future development trend of key technologies of detection and protection in low-altitude anti-UAV is analyzed and discussed combined with the intelligence,integration and autonomous problems in research and development of low-altitude UAV systems.
引文
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[24]杨勇,王诚,吴洋.反无人机策略及武器装备现状与发展动向[J].飞航导弹,2013(8):27-31.Yang Yong,Wang Cheng,Wu Yang.Current situation and development trend of anti UAV strategy and weapon equipment[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2013(8):27-31.(in Chinese)
[25]张承伟,郝绪彤,郭一蓉.基于帧间差分法的动体特征速度聚类分析[J].计算机应用研究,2016,33(10):3151-3155.Zhang Chengwei,Hao Xutong,Guo Yirong.Clustering analysis of moving objects characteristic velocity based on inter-frame difference method[J].Application Research of Computers,2016,33(10):3151-3155.(in Chinese)
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[28]Yang T,Wang X,Yao B,et al.Small moving vehicle detection in a satellite video of an urban area[J].Sensors,16(9):1528.
[29]Zhu Y,Zhang C,Zhou D,et al.Traffic sign detection and recognition using fully convolutional network guided proposals[J].Neurocomputing,2016,214:758-766.
[2]孙成陆.特种作战中无人机侦察力量的运用[J].四川兵工学报,2011,32(1):40-42.Sun Chenglu.Application of unmanned reconnaissance in special operations[J].Journal of Sichuan Ordnance,2011,32(1):40-42.(in Chinese)
[3]张云秀,曾庆达,张炜.无人机发展综述[J].河南科技,2017(9):58-59.Zhang Yunxiu,Zeng Qingda,Zhang Wei.Overview of UAV development[J].Henan Science and Technology,2017(9):58-59.(in Chinese)
[4]张天航,白金平.旋翼式无人机的发展和趋势[J].人工智能与机器人研究,2013(2):16-23.Zhang Tianhang,Bai Jinping.Development and trend of unmanned rotorcraft[J].Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Research,2013(2):16-23.(in Chinese)
[5]李增彦,李小民.单兵无人机发展现状及关键技术分析[J].飞航导弹,2017(6):23-29.Li Zengyan,Li Xiaomin.The analysis of soldier UAV development status and key technology[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2017(6):23-29.(in Chinese)
[6]何道敬,杜晓,乔银荣,等.无人机信息安全研究综述[J].计算机学报,2017,40(125):1-22.He Daojing,Du Xiao,Qiao Yinrong,et al.A survey on cyber security of unmanned aerial vehicles[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2017,40(125):1-22.(in Chinese)
[7]Pitt J,Perakslis C,Michael K.Drones humanus introduction to the special issue[J].IEEE Technology&Society Magazine,2014,33(2):38-39.
[8]吴辉喜,徐鹏,陈小春,等.基于信息一体化系统的无人机数据链技术应用[J].四川兵工学报,2013,34(2):114-116.Wu Huixi,Xu Peng,Chen Xiaochun,et al.Data link scheme of UAV based on technologies of information integration[J].Journal of Sichuan Ordnance,2013,34(2):114-116.(in Chinese)
[9]王芳,周海瑞,邵静.支持网络化应用的无人机CGCS功能体系研讨[J].电光与控制,2014,21(2):50-54.Wang Fang,Zhou Hairui,Shao Jing.Function architecture of UAV CGCS supporting network application[J].Electronics Optics&Control,2014,21(2):50-54.(in Chinese)
[10]刘炜,冯丙文,翁健.小型无人机安全研究综述[J].网络与信息安全学报,2016,2(3):39-45.Liu Wei,Feng Bingwen,Weng Jian.Survey on research of mini-drones security[J].Chinese Journal of Network and Information Security,2016,2(3):39-45.(in Chinese)
[11]赵晓宏.国外军用小型无人机发展现状及趋势[J].轻兵器,2017(11):23-27.Zhao Xiaohong.The development status and trend of foreign military small UAV[J].Small Arms,2017(11):23-27.(in Chinese)
[12]Hayajneh T,Doomun R,Al-Mashaqbeh G,et al.An energy-efficient and security aware route selection protocol for wireless sensor networks[J].Security&Communication Networks,2015,7(11):2015-2038.
[13]相亮亮.无人机在军事中的应用与发展[J].科技展望,2016,26(14):292.Xiang Liangliang.The military application and development of UAV[J].Technology Outlook,2016,26(14):292.(in Chinese)
[14]Goraj Z.UAV platforms designed in WUT for border surveillance[C].AIAA Infotech&Aerospace 2007Conference and Exhibit,2013.
[15]孙健,倪训友.无人机国内外发展态势及前沿技术动向[J].科技导报,2017,35(9):109.Sun Jian,Ni Xunyou.Development trend and frontier technology trend of UAV at home and abroad[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(9):109.(in Chinese)
[16]袁锁中.数字式无人机飞行控制系统研制[J].计算机测量与控制,2003,11(1):64-65.Yuan Suozhong.Development of digital flight control system for UAV[J].Computer Measurement&Control,2003,11(1):64-65.(in Chinese)
[17]郭珊珊.反无人机技术与产品发展现状[J].军事文摘,2016(19):36-39.Guo Shanshan.Development status of anti-UAV technology and products[J].Military Digest,2016(19):36-39.(in Chinese)
[18]程旭维,汤霞清,郭理彬,等.GNSS接收机抗干扰和欺骗检测技术研究[C].第六届中国卫星导航学术年会,2015:1-9.Cheng Xuwei,Tang Xiaqing,Guo Libin,et al.Research on GNSS receiver spoofing detection technology[J].2015 6th Satellite Navigation Conference,2015:1-9.(in Chinese)
[19]任宏光,刘颖.无人机侦察打击一体化武器系统发展[J].飞航导弹,2009(6):47-49.Ren Hongguang,Liu Ying.Development of integrated weapon system for UAV reconnaissance and strike[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2009(6):47-49.(in Chinese)
[20]朱菲菲.某侦察打击一体化无人机火控关键技术研究[J].电光系统,2017(2):32-37.Zhu Feifei.Research on decision support technique for a reconnaissance and strike integrated UAV[J].Electronic and Electro-optical Systems,2017(2):32-37.(in Chinese)
[21]刘洪剑,王耀南,谭建豪,等.一种旋翼无人机组合导航系统设计及应用[J].传感技术学报,2017,30(2):331-336.Liu Hongjian,Wang Yaonan,Tan Jianhao,et al.A kind of design and application of integrated navigation systems for UAVs[J].Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators,2017,30(2):331-336.(in Chinese)
[22]梅丹,高丽.定向能武器在反无人机作战中的应用[J].中国设备工程,2017(7):40-42.Mei Dan,Gao Li.Application of directional energy weapon in anti-UAV operation[J].China Plant Engineering,2017(7):40-42.(in Chinese)
[23]刘丽,魏雁飞,张宇涵.美军反无人机技术装备发展解析[J].航天电子对抗,2017,33(1):60-64.Liu Li,Wei Yanfei,Zhang Yuhan.The development of anti-UAV technical equipment of the U.S.armed forces[J].Aerospace Electronic Warfare,2017,33(1):60-64.(in Chinese)
[24]杨勇,王诚,吴洋.反无人机策略及武器装备现状与发展动向[J].飞航导弹,2013(8):27-31.Yang Yong,Wang Cheng,Wu Yang.Current situation and development trend of anti UAV strategy and weapon equipment[J].Aerodynamic Missile Journal,2013(8):27-31.(in Chinese)
[25]张承伟,郝绪彤,郭一蓉.基于帧间差分法的动体特征速度聚类分析[J].计算机应用研究,2016,33(10):3151-3155.Zhang Chengwei,Hao Xutong,Guo Yirong.Clustering analysis of moving objects characteristic velocity based on inter-frame difference method[J].Application Research of Computers,2016,33(10):3151-3155.(in Chinese)
[26]Panda D K,Meher S.Detection of moving objects using fuzzy color difference histogram based background subtraction[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2016,23(1):45-49.
[27]Rozantsev A,Lepetit V,Fua P.Detecting flying objects using a single moving camera[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,2017,39(5):879-892.
[28]Yang T,Wang X,Yao B,et al.Small moving vehicle detection in a satellite video of an urban area[J].Sensors,16(9):1528.
[29]Zhu Y,Zhang C,Zhou D,et al.Traffic sign detection and recognition using fully convolutional network guided proposals[J].Neurocomputing,2016,214:758-766.