水平摘锭采棉理论分析与试验
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摘要
采棉机作业效率主要与采棉头的滚筒转速、座管列数和摘锭转速等参数有关,且滚筒与摘锭的转速比为固定值。本文选择摘锭转速为研究对象,从摘锭顺利摘取棉花、绕尽单个棉瓣、棉籽甩离损失3方面进行理论分析,得到满足采棉要求的转速理论条件。根据已知摘锭参数及棉花力学特性等,计算出摘锭转速为3 000~4 000 r/min。为了验证理论分析得出的摘锭转速范围,搭建单摘锭室内试验装置,以单朵棉花的采净率、采摘时间、功率消耗和棉籽甩离率为评价指标,分为1 000、2 000、3 000、4 000、5 000、6 000 r/min 6个试验水平进行转速单因素试验。根据试验结果,建立多指标优化数学模型,在摘锭接近籽棉速度约为0. 2 m/s、棉籽甩离率不大于2. 5%、采净率不小于90%的条件下,摘锭转速范围为3 600~3 700 r/min,与理论分析结果相吻合,满足棉花采摘要求。
The operating efficiency of cotton picker is mainly related to the parameters such as the drum speed of cotton picking head,number of seat pipes and spindle picking speed and speed ratio between drum and spindle is fixed. Horizontal spindle is the core working part of spindle-type cotton picker,and cotton picking is realized by winding cotton wadding at high speed. The spindle picking speed is key factor affecting effect of cotton picking. The spindle picking speed was theoretically analyzed from three aspects which were picking cotton smoothly,winding up a single cotton petal,and the loss of cotton seed throwing away. According to known picking parameters and mechanical properties of cotton,the speed range of picking spindle was estimated to be 3 000 ~ 4 000 r/min. In order to verify the range of spindle picking speed obtained by theoretical analysis,a single spindle picking laboratory test device was set up.The single factor test of spindle picking speed was carried out with the indexes of single cotton picking rate, picking time, power consumption and cottonseed rejection rate, which were divided into1 000 r/min,2 000 r/min,3 000 r/min,4 000 r/min,5 000 r/min and 6 000 r/min test levels.According to the test results,a multi-index optimization mathematical model was established. Under the conditions of approaching seed cotton speed of 0. 2 m/s,cotton seed rejection rate(no more than 2. 5%)and cotton seed recovery rate(greater than or equal to 90%),the range of spindle picking speed was3 600 ~ 3 700 r/min,which was consistent with the theoretical analysis and met the requirement of picking summary.
The operating efficiency of cotton picker is mainly related to the parameters such as the drum speed of cotton picking head,number of seat pipes and spindle picking speed and speed ratio between drum and spindle is fixed. Horizontal spindle is the core working part of spindle-type cotton picker,and cotton picking is realized by winding cotton wadding at high speed. The spindle picking speed is key factor affecting effect of cotton picking. The spindle picking speed was theoretically analyzed from three aspects which were picking cotton smoothly,winding up a single cotton petal,and the loss of cotton seed throwing away. According to known picking parameters and mechanical properties of cotton,the speed range of picking spindle was estimated to be 3 000 ~ 4 000 r/min. In order to verify the range of spindle picking speed obtained by theoretical analysis,a single spindle picking laboratory test device was set up.The single factor test of spindle picking speed was carried out with the indexes of single cotton picking rate, picking time, power consumption and cottonseed rejection rate, which were divided into1 000 r/min,2 000 r/min,3 000 r/min,4 000 r/min,5 000 r/min and 6 000 r/min test levels.According to the test results,a multi-index optimization mathematical model was established. Under the conditions of approaching seed cotton speed of 0. 2 m/s,cotton seed rejection rate(no more than 2. 5%)and cotton seed recovery rate(greater than or equal to 90%),the range of spindle picking speed was3 600 ~ 3 700 r/min,which was consistent with the theoretical analysis and met the requirement of picking summary.
引文
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5毕新胜,王维新,丛锦玲,等.水平摘锭式采棉机采棉滚筒的运动学分析[J].农机化研究,2008,30(8):49-51.BI Xinsheng,WANG Weixin,CONG Jinling,et al.Kinematics analysis of level spindle-type cotton picker drum[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2008,30(8):49-51.(in Chinese)
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8李小利.水平摘锭式采棉机采摘机理及摘锭运动规律的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2011.LI Xiaoli.Research on picking mechanism and spindle motion law for spindle-type cotton picker[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2011.(in Chinese)
9龚睫凯,孙文磊,李小利.采棉机采摘滚筒运动规律的研究[J].农机化研究,2012,34(6):38-42.GONG Jiekai,SUN Wenlei,LI Xiaoli.Research law of motion in the pick roller of cotton picker[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,34(6):38-42.(in Chinese)
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11崔强.水平摘锭式采棉滚筒的关键部件研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.
12阎金刚,张宏文,李福海,等.基于Lab VIEW的采棉机单摘锭试验台设计[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(3):155-158.YAN Jingang,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Fuhai,et al.Design of the single-spindle test-bed for the cotton picker based on Lab VIEW[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(3):155-158.(in Chinese)
13李福海,张宏文,李勇,等.摘锭式采棉机凸轮机构的瞬态动力学分析[J].机械设计与制造,2013(4):128-130.LI Fuhai,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Yong,et al.Transient dynamic analysis for cam mechanism of the spindle-picking cotton[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2013(4):128-130.(in Chinese)
14张宏文.胶棒滚筒棉花采摘头关键部件的工作机理与试验研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.ZHANG Hongwen.The research on the working mechanism and experiment of key component of the rubber-bar roller cotton harvester[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
15张有强,罗树丽,张宏.间歇激励下摘锭采摘过程的动力学分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2017,37(6):41-45,157.
16杨涛,张宏文,李勇,等.滚筒式采棉机采摘头试验台的设计[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(6):772-775.YANG Tao,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Yong,et al.Design of test-bed on roller-type cotton harvester[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2011,29(6):772-775.(in Chinese)
17镇江农业机械学院.农业机械理论及设计(下册)(经济作物收获机械及畜牧机械)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1961.
18 LI Teng,FANG Xianfa,WANG Decheng,et al.The study on friction test between cotton fiber,cotton,cotton seed and steel surface[C]∥2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting,2017.
19 BAKER K D,HUGHS E,FOULK J.Cotton quality as affected by changes in spindle speed[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2010,26(3):363-369.
20刘向新,周亚立,翟超,等.基于采摘质量的采棉机水平摘锭采摘头结构分析[J].江苏农业科学,2013(1):361-363.
21邓亚猛,李文春,俞天柱,等.水平摘锭式采棉机的摘锭磨损因素分析与研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(9):11-13.
22张有强,王伟,廖结安.采棉机摘锭磨损失效分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):45-50.ZHANG Youqiang,WANG Wei,LIAO Jiean.Wear failure analysis on spindle of cotton picker[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(18):45-50.(in Chinese)
2郝付平,韩增德,韩科立,等.国内外采棉机现状研究与发展对策[J].农业机械,2013(21):144-147.
3高爱弟,郭健,高治国,等.国产4MZ-5型自走式采棉机改进[J].新疆农机化,2015(4):29-31.
4刘德.3类国产品牌或将逆袭国际大牌[J].农业机械,2018(1):55-57.
5毕新胜,王维新,丛锦玲,等.水平摘锭式采棉机采棉滚筒的运动学分析[J].农机化研究,2008,30(8):49-51.BI Xinsheng,WANG Weixin,CONG Jinling,et al.Kinematics analysis of level spindle-type cotton picker drum[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2008,30(8):49-51.(in Chinese)
6中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册(上下)[M].北京:农业科技出版社,2007.
7洪荣荣.基于轨迹及形态变异的大型采棉机械采摘机理研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2015.HONG Rongrong.The research of large cotton-picking machine picking mechanism based on the trajectory and the morphological variation[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2015.(in Chinese)
8李小利.水平摘锭式采棉机采摘机理及摘锭运动规律的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2011.LI Xiaoli.Research on picking mechanism and spindle motion law for spindle-type cotton picker[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang University,2011.(in Chinese)
9龚睫凯,孙文磊,李小利.采棉机采摘滚筒运动规律的研究[J].农机化研究,2012,34(6):38-42.GONG Jiekai,SUN Wenlei,LI Xiaoli.Research law of motion in the pick roller of cotton picker[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2012,34(6):38-42.(in Chinese)
10张智明.水平摘锭式采棉机采摘机构运动学及动力学研究[D].石河子:石河子大学,2014.
11崔强.水平摘锭式采棉滚筒的关键部件研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.
12阎金刚,张宏文,李福海,等.基于Lab VIEW的采棉机单摘锭试验台设计[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(3):155-158.YAN Jingang,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Fuhai,et al.Design of the single-spindle test-bed for the cotton picker based on Lab VIEW[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013,34(3):155-158.(in Chinese)
13李福海,张宏文,李勇,等.摘锭式采棉机凸轮机构的瞬态动力学分析[J].机械设计与制造,2013(4):128-130.LI Fuhai,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Yong,et al.Transient dynamic analysis for cam mechanism of the spindle-picking cotton[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2013(4):128-130.(in Chinese)
14张宏文.胶棒滚筒棉花采摘头关键部件的工作机理与试验研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.ZHANG Hongwen.The research on the working mechanism and experiment of key component of the rubber-bar roller cotton harvester[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
15张有强,罗树丽,张宏.间歇激励下摘锭采摘过程的动力学分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2017,37(6):41-45,157.
16杨涛,张宏文,李勇,等.滚筒式采棉机采摘头试验台的设计[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2011,29(6):772-775.YANG Tao,ZHANG Hongwen,LI Yong,et al.Design of test-bed on roller-type cotton harvester[J].Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science),2011,29(6):772-775.(in Chinese)
17镇江农业机械学院.农业机械理论及设计(下册)(经济作物收获机械及畜牧机械)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1961.
18 LI Teng,FANG Xianfa,WANG Decheng,et al.The study on friction test between cotton fiber,cotton,cotton seed and steel surface[C]∥2017 ASABE Annual International Meeting,2017.
19 BAKER K D,HUGHS E,FOULK J.Cotton quality as affected by changes in spindle speed[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2010,26(3):363-369.
20刘向新,周亚立,翟超,等.基于采摘质量的采棉机水平摘锭采摘头结构分析[J].江苏农业科学,2013(1):361-363.
21邓亚猛,李文春,俞天柱,等.水平摘锭式采棉机的摘锭磨损因素分析与研究[J].中国农机化学报,2017,38(9):11-13.
22张有强,王伟,廖结安.采棉机摘锭磨损失效分析[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(18):45-50.ZHANG Youqiang,WANG Wei,LIAO Jiean.Wear failure analysis on spindle of cotton picker[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2017,33(18):45-50.(in Chinese)