技术感知、环境认知与农业清洁生产技术采纳意愿
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摘要
农业清洁生产技术的推广与采纳对于我国农业可持续发展意义重大,为考察技术感知与环境认知对农户农业清洁生产技术采纳意愿的影响,以中国11省的836份微观农户调查数据为基础,通过应用二元Logistic回归模型,探讨技术感知因素与环境认知因素对农户农业清洁生产技术采纳意愿的影响及其在不同农户群体间的差异性。研究结果表明:1)农户对农业清洁生产技术的感知易用性每降低1个层次,其采纳农业清洁生产技术的概率就会降低5.93%;农户对环境变化的感知程度每提升1个层次,其采纳意愿会提高12.57%。2)"技术感知易用型"农户的采纳意愿主要受到环境变化感知的影响,而"技术感知难用型"农户采纳意愿则主要受到环境变化感知和感知有用性的影响。3)影响"环境变化敏感型"农户采纳意愿的关键因素是感知易用性,而"环境变化滞后型"农户则主要受到年龄、受教育程度、家庭劳动力数量、家庭经营耕地面积的影响。基于上述研究结果,本文认为应对不同类型农户开展有针对性的宣传、教育工作,以提高农户的技术了解程度和环境认知水平,从而推动农业清洁生产技术的推广应用。
The popularization and adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology are critical for sustainable agricultural development in China. Most studies have only included technical perception variables or environmental cognitive variables as the many explanatory variables failing to include technical awareness variables or environmental cognitive variables in the analytical framework to analyze the key factors that affect farmers' willingness to adopt agricultural cleaner production technology. In fact, technical perception and environmental cognition play an important role in the adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology. Thus, this study analyzed the willingness of farmers to adopt agricultural cleaner production technology from points of views of both technical perception and environmental cognition based on survey data on 836 micro-farmers in 11 provinces in China. The effects of adopting agricultural cleaner production technology and differences among various peasant groups were also investigated through the use of binary logistic regression model. The results showed that: 1) when farmers' perception of agricultural cleaner production technology reduced by one level, the probability of adoption of the agricultural cleaner production technology dropped by 5.93%. Farmers had a higher degree of awareness of the use of agricultural cleaner production technologies. Production techniques were more readily adopted among agricultural cleaner production technologies. When the farmers' perception on environmental change improved by one level, the willingness to adopt increased by 12.57%. It was obvious that farmers were more sensitive to climate change and were more likely to adopt the agricultural cleaner production techniques. 2) The key factor that affected farmers who perceived "ease of use" was the feel of environmental changes. Also the adoption willingness of farmers who was "technical perception of difficult" was mainly influenced by the perception on environmental changes and the usefulness of changes. It suggested that raising the level of perception of peasant households on environmental change significantly promoted the willingness to adopt cleaner agricultural production technology. 3) The key factor that influenced the adoption willingness of farmers who was "sensitive to environmental change" was the ease-to-use of technology. Also for farmers who were "lagged to environmental change", the willingness was mainly affected by age, education level, family labor size and cultivated land area. The adoption processes of agricultural cleaner production technology still relied on traditional habits. There were obvious differences in the willingness of farmers in different sample groups. The research conclusions provided the critical references for agricultural cleaner production in China. Based on the results, in order to improve the level of technical knowledge, farmers' environmental cognition, popularization and application of agricultural cleaner production technology, there was the needs to target education. This should be done for different types of farmers in order to increase the degree of technical understanding and environmental awareness of farmers. This was necessary to promote the application of agricultural cleaner production technologies in China.
The popularization and adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology are critical for sustainable agricultural development in China. Most studies have only included technical perception variables or environmental cognitive variables as the many explanatory variables failing to include technical awareness variables or environmental cognitive variables in the analytical framework to analyze the key factors that affect farmers' willingness to adopt agricultural cleaner production technology. In fact, technical perception and environmental cognition play an important role in the adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology. Thus, this study analyzed the willingness of farmers to adopt agricultural cleaner production technology from points of views of both technical perception and environmental cognition based on survey data on 836 micro-farmers in 11 provinces in China. The effects of adopting agricultural cleaner production technology and differences among various peasant groups were also investigated through the use of binary logistic regression model. The results showed that: 1) when farmers' perception of agricultural cleaner production technology reduced by one level, the probability of adoption of the agricultural cleaner production technology dropped by 5.93%. Farmers had a higher degree of awareness of the use of agricultural cleaner production technologies. Production techniques were more readily adopted among agricultural cleaner production technologies. When the farmers' perception on environmental change improved by one level, the willingness to adopt increased by 12.57%. It was obvious that farmers were more sensitive to climate change and were more likely to adopt the agricultural cleaner production techniques. 2) The key factor that affected farmers who perceived "ease of use" was the feel of environmental changes. Also the adoption willingness of farmers who was "technical perception of difficult" was mainly influenced by the perception on environmental changes and the usefulness of changes. It suggested that raising the level of perception of peasant households on environmental change significantly promoted the willingness to adopt cleaner agricultural production technology. 3) The key factor that influenced the adoption willingness of farmers who was "sensitive to environmental change" was the ease-to-use of technology. Also for farmers who were "lagged to environmental change", the willingness was mainly affected by age, education level, family labor size and cultivated land area. The adoption processes of agricultural cleaner production technology still relied on traditional habits. There were obvious differences in the willingness of farmers in different sample groups. The research conclusions provided the critical references for agricultural cleaner production in China. Based on the results, in order to improve the level of technical knowledge, farmers' environmental cognition, popularization and application of agricultural cleaner production technology, there was the needs to target education. This should be done for different types of farmers in order to increase the degree of technical understanding and environmental awareness of farmers. This was necessary to promote the application of agricultural cleaner production technologies in China.
引文
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[7]GALKA A.Using a cleaner production preventive strategy for the reduction of the negative environmental impacts of agricultural production—Using cattle husbandry as a case study[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2004,12(5):513–516
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[15]EHEAZU C L,EZEALA J I.Environmental adult education for mitigating the impacts of climate change on crop production and fish farming in rivers state of Nigeria[J].Journal of Education and Practice,2017,8(3):98–107
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[17]周建华,杨海余,贺正楚.资源节约型与环境友好型技术的农户采纳限定因素分析[J].中国农村观察,2012,3(2):37–43ZHOU J H,YANG H Y,HE Z C.Analysis of farmers’adoption of limiting factors in resource-saving and environment-friendly technology[J].China Rural Survey,2012,3(2):37–43
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[20]LOCKLEAR E.Authoritarianism:Validation of the balanced f scale through observer ratings[D].Pembroke:University of North Carolina at Pembroke,1982
[21]FEDER G,JUST R E,ZILBERMAN D.Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries:A survey[J].Economic Development and Cultural Change,1985,33(2):255–298
[22]MIRANOWSKI J,SHORTLE J S.Effects of risk perceptions and other characteristics of farmers and farm operations on the adoption of conservation tillage practices[J].Staff General Research Papers Archive,1986,42(1):98–106
[23]DAVIS F D,BAGOZZI R P,WARSHAW P R.User acceptance of computer technology:A comparison of two theoretical models[J].Management Science,1989,35(8):982–1003
[24]PEDERSEN P E,NYSVEEN H,THORBJ?RNSEN H.Identity expression in the adoption of mobile services:The case of multimedia messaging services[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,50(5):765–776
[25]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015,6(4):61–70TIAN Y,ZHANG J B,HE K,et al.Analysis of farmers’agricultural low carbon production and its influencing factors—An example on chemical fertilizer application and pesticide use[J].China Rural Survey,2015,6(4):61–70
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[27]蒋琳莉,张俊飚,何可,等.农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析——来自湖北省的调查数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(9):1925–1932JIANG L L,ZHANG J B,HE K,et al.Agricultural productive waste resource treatment and influencing factors in rural Hubei[J].Resources Science,2014,36(9):1925–1932
[28]高杨,张笑,陆姣,等.家庭农场绿色防控技术采纳行为研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):934–944GAO Y,ZHANG X,LU J,et al.Research on adoption behavior of green control techniques by family farms[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):934–944
[29]廖新俤.动物废弃物管理与畜牧业清洁生产技术[J].中国生态农业学报,2001,9(1):101–102LIAO X D.Animal waste management and clean production technology in animal husbandry[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2001,9(1):101–102
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[2]章玲.关于农业清洁生产的思考[J].中国农村经济,2001,(2):38–42ZHANG L.Thinking about cleaner production[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2001,(2):38–42
[3]HE K,ZHANG J B,FENG J H,et al.The impact of social capital on farmers’willingness to reuse agricultural waste for sustainable development[J].Sustainable Development,2016,24(2):101–108
[4]文化.农业清洁生产[J].农业新技术,2003,(2):1–3WEN H.Agricultural cleaner production[J].New Agricultural Technology,2003,(2):1–3
[5]张秋根.试论农业清洁生产的理论基础[J].环境保护,2002,30(2):31–33ZHANG Q G.Study on theoretical basis of agricultural cleaner production[J].Environmental Protection,2002,30(2):31–33
[6]熊文强,王新杰.农业清洁生产——21世纪农业可持续发展的必然选择[J].软科学,2009,23(7):114–117XIONG W Q,WANG X J.The agricultural cleaner production—An essential choice for 21th century sustainable agricultural development[J].Soft Science,2009,23(7):114–117
[7]GALKA A.Using a cleaner production preventive strategy for the reduction of the negative environmental impacts of agricultural production—Using cattle husbandry as a case study[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,2004,12(5):513–516
[8]张璐鑫,于宏兵.农业清洁生产评价指标体系的构建[J].生态经济,2013,29(9):110–113ZHANG L X,YU H B.Establishment of assessment index system for agricultural cleaner production[J].Ecological Economy,2013,29(9):110–113
[9]YUSUP M Z,MAHMOODA W H W,SALLEH M R,et al.The influence factor for the successful implementation of cleaner production:A review[J].Jurnal Teknologi:Sciences&Engineering,2014,67(1):89–97
[10]何可,张俊飚,张露,等.人际信任、制度信任与农民环境治理参与意愿——以农业废弃物资源化为例[J].管理世界,2015,(5):75–88HE K,ZHANG J B,ZHANG L,et al.Interpersonal trust,institution-based trust and farmers’willingness to participate in environmental governance:A case study on the reutilization of agricultural waste[J].Management World,2015,(5):75–88
[11]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农户采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012,2(3):68–77CHU C H,FENG S Y,ZHANG W W.An empirical analysis of farmers’adoption of environmentally friendly agricultural technology[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2012,2(3):68–77
[12]肖新成,倪九派.农户清洁生产技术采纳行为及影响因素的实证分析——基于涪陵区农户的调查[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(7):151–158XIAO X C,NI J P.Analysis on farmer’s adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology and its influencing factors—Based on surveyed data in Fuling[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2016,41(7):151–158
[13]王士超,梁卫理,王贵彦,等.农户采用小型户用沼气意愿影响因素的定量分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):718–722WANG S C,LIANG W L,WANG G Y,et al.Analysis of farmers’willingness to adopt small scale household biogas facilities[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(3):718–722
[14]李后建.农户对循环农业技术采纳意愿的影响因素实证分析[J].中国农村观察,2012,3(2):28–36LI H J.Empirical analysis on the influencing factors of farmers’willingness to adopt circular agricultural technology[J].China Rural Survey,2012,3(2):28–36
[15]EHEAZU C L,EZEALA J I.Environmental adult education for mitigating the impacts of climate change on crop production and fish farming in rivers state of Nigeria[J].Journal of Education and Practice,2017,8(3):98–107
[16]葛继红,周曙东,朱红根,等.农户采用环境友好型技术行为研究——以配方施肥技术为例[J].农业技术经济,2010,(9):57–63GE J H,ZHOU S D,ZHU H G,et al.Farmer’s adoption behavior of environment-friendly technology—a case study of formula fertilization[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2010,(9):57–63
[17]周建华,杨海余,贺正楚.资源节约型与环境友好型技术的农户采纳限定因素分析[J].中国农村观察,2012,3(2):37–43ZHOU J H,YANG H Y,HE Z C.Analysis of farmers’adoption of limiting factors in resource-saving and environment-friendly technology[J].China Rural Survey,2012,3(2):37–43
[18]肖新成,谢德体.农户对清洁生产技术持久性采纳意向的实证分析——基于重庆涪陵区农户的调查[J].西南师范大学学报:自然科学版,2016,41(1):118–123XIAO X C,XIE D T.Analysis on farmer’adoption of agricultural cleaner production technology and its influencing factors—Based on surveyed data in Fuling[J].Journal of Southwest China Normal University:Natural Science Edition,2016,41(1):118–123
[19]FRESNER J.Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management[J].Journal of Cleaner Production,1998,6(3/4):171–179
[20]LOCKLEAR E.Authoritarianism:Validation of the balanced f scale through observer ratings[D].Pembroke:University of North Carolina at Pembroke,1982
[21]FEDER G,JUST R E,ZILBERMAN D.Adoption of agricultural innovations in developing countries:A survey[J].Economic Development and Cultural Change,1985,33(2):255–298
[22]MIRANOWSKI J,SHORTLE J S.Effects of risk perceptions and other characteristics of farmers and farm operations on the adoption of conservation tillage practices[J].Staff General Research Papers Archive,1986,42(1):98–106
[23]DAVIS F D,BAGOZZI R P,WARSHAW P R.User acceptance of computer technology:A comparison of two theoretical models[J].Management Science,1989,35(8):982–1003
[24]PEDERSEN P E,NYSVEEN H,THORBJ?RNSEN H.Identity expression in the adoption of mobile services:The case of multimedia messaging services[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2003,50(5):765–776
[25]田云,张俊飚,何可,等.农户农业低碳生产行为及其影响因素分析——以化肥施用和农药使用为例[J].中国农村观察,2015,6(4):61–70TIAN Y,ZHANG J B,HE K,et al.Analysis of farmers’agricultural low carbon production and its influencing factors—An example on chemical fertilizer application and pesticide use[J].China Rural Survey,2015,6(4):61–70
[26]王常伟,顾海英.农户环境认知、行为决策及其一致性检验——基于江苏农户调查的实证分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1204–1208WANG C W,GU H Y.Farmers’perception of environment,behavior decision and the check of consistency between them—A empirical analysis based on the survey of farmers in Jiangsu Province[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(10):1204–1208
[27]蒋琳莉,张俊飚,何可,等.农业生产性废弃物资源处理方式及其影响因素分析——来自湖北省的调查数据[J].资源科学,2014,36(9):1925–1932JIANG L L,ZHANG J B,HE K,et al.Agricultural productive waste resource treatment and influencing factors in rural Hubei[J].Resources Science,2014,36(9):1925–1932
[28]高杨,张笑,陆姣,等.家庭农场绿色防控技术采纳行为研究[J].资源科学,2017,39(5):934–944GAO Y,ZHANG X,LU J,et al.Research on adoption behavior of green control techniques by family farms[J].Resources Science,2017,39(5):934–944
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