从边界组织视角看新兴科技的治理机制——以合成生物学领域为例
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摘要
不同群体多元化的利益诉求随着社会转型而日渐增强,伦理治理机制本质上是多相关主体引出的责任分担问题。本文引入"边界组织"的概念,分析多主体的参与、多元化构成的边界组织的形成,选取仅经历十多年发展的合成生物学领域、以美国为例,剖析边界组织在领域伦理治理的作用,认为多主体参与促成了新的治理机制的形成,并且更加有效地推动了新兴科技的伦理治理,治理机制的一个重要特征是"边界组织"的形成和运作。目前我国的确还缺乏承担这一作用的角色,建设一个能够将不同类型的利益相关者整合在一起,共同协商治理的平台也即边界组织,尤为重要。
With the social transformation, the diverse appeals to benefits of different groups are increasingly strengthened, and the ethical governance mechanism is essentially a responsibility sharing problem caused by many related subjects. This paper introduces the concept of "boundary organization" and analyzes the formation of the boundary organization with multi-subject participation and diversification. Taking the synthetic biology field in the United States which has only a history of more than ten years as an example, this paper analyzes the role of boundary organization in the field of ethical governance and illuminates that multi-subject participation contributes to the formation of a new governance mechanism and effectively promotes the ethical governance of emerging science and technology, and the formation and operation of the "boundary organization" is an important feature of governance mechanism. At present, there is no a role of "boundary organization" in China. It is particularly important to build a platform that can integrate different types of stakeholders and consult with each other for governance.
With the social transformation, the diverse appeals to benefits of different groups are increasingly strengthened, and the ethical governance mechanism is essentially a responsibility sharing problem caused by many related subjects. This paper introduces the concept of "boundary organization" and analyzes the formation of the boundary organization with multi-subject participation and diversification. Taking the synthetic biology field in the United States which has only a history of more than ten years as an example, this paper analyzes the role of boundary organization in the field of ethical governance and illuminates that multi-subject participation contributes to the formation of a new governance mechanism and effectively promotes the ethical governance of emerging science and technology, and the formation and operation of the "boundary organization" is an important feature of governance mechanism. At present, there is no a role of "boundary organization" in China. It is particularly important to build a platform that can integrate different types of stakeholders and consult with each other for governance.
引文
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[3]Powledge,T.M.,Fletcher,J.'Guidelines for Ethical,Social and Legal Issues in Prenatal Diagnosis'[J].New England Journal,1979,(4):168-172.
[4]Jonas,H.The Imperative of Responsibility:In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age[M].The University of Chicago Press,1984.
[5]阿明·格伦瓦尔德.技术伦理学手册[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017,5.
[6]ELSI'Planning and Evaluation History'[EB/OL].http://www.genome.gov/10001754.2018-01-29.
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[8]诺埃勒·勒努瓦.生物伦理学:宪制与人权[J].阿劳译,第欧根尼,1997,(1):97-111.
[9]中国科协学会学术部编.合成生物学的伦理问题与生物安全[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011,29.
[10]李诗渊、赵国屏、王金.合成生物学技术的研究迚展--DNA合成、组装与基因组编辑[J].生物工程学报,2017,33(3):343-360.
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[12]Servick,K.'Four Synthetic Biology Inventions That Dlummox the Feds'[EB/OL].Science,http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2015/10/four-synthetic-biologyinventions-flummox-feds.2018-08-01.
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[15]Committee on Strategies for Identifying and Addressing Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology,Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology,Board on Life Sciences.'Division on Earth and Life Studies.AProposed Framework for Identifying Potential Biodefense Vulnerabilities Posed by Synthetic Biology:Interim Report'[EB/OL].https://www.nap.edu/read/24832/chapter/1.2018-08-28.
[16]Holdren,J.,Shelanski,H.,Vetter,D.,Goldfuss,C.'Memoradum for Heads of Food and Drug Administration,Environmental Protection Agency,and Department of Agriculture:Modernizing the Regulatory System for Biotechnology Products'[R].White House,accessed April 16,2016.
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