金都1号火龙果果实发育过程中品质的变化规律分析
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摘要
【目的】分析金都1号火龙果果实发育过程中品质的变化规律,为科学制定其不同生长发育时期的肥水管理措施提供参考依据。【方法】从金都1号火龙果开花后第5 d至果实成熟期间,每隔7 d定期测定其果实的纵径和横径、果形指数、单果重、果皮和果肉鲜重及可溶性固形物含量、果肉水含量等品质指标,由此绘制增长曲线图,分析果实品质变化规律。【结果】金都1号火龙果果实的纵、横径和单果鲜重在果实发育过程中均呈快—慢—快的变化趋势,基本符合果实生长双S形曲线;在种子完全发育后,单果鲜重增加迅速,果皮鲜重呈抛物线变化趋势,果肉鲜重呈平稳—加快的上升变化曲线,可溶性固形物含量随果实生长发育呈平稳—加快的上升变化曲线,其增长高峰出现在花后25～30 d,果肉发育过程中水分需求较大期出现在果实生长中后期(花后10～15和20～25 d)。相关性分析结果表明,单果重与果皮鲜重、果肉鲜重、可溶性固形物含量和果肉水含量等主要品质指标呈线性正相关,其中,单果重与果肉鲜重和可溶性固形物含量相关显著(P<0.05),且果肉鲜重和可溶性固形物含量随单果重增加而增加。【结论】金都1号火龙果实发育中后期(花后20～30 d)是果实品质和产量形成的关键时期,此时期保证有足够的肥水供应,可为获得最佳品质和最高产量打下基础。
【Objective】The variation regularity of quality during the fruit development process of pitaya variety Jindu No.1 was analyzed to provide reference for the development of rational fertilizer and water management measures in different growth and development periods.【Method】Many indexes including fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,fresh weight of rind and flesh,the soluble solid content,flesh water content were investigated very 7 d after Jindu No.1 flowered for 5 d until mature period.Variation of fruit growth and quality development were presented by growth trend curves.【Result】Fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter and single fruit weight of Jindu No.1 presented fast-slow-fast trend during the growth,which were lined with double S curve.Single fruit weight increased rapidly after seed developed completely.Rind fresh weight showed parabolic variation,and flesh fresh weight presented stable-rapid increase variation.The soluble solid content changed from steady to rapid increase as the fruit developed,and reached the top during 25-30 d after flowering.The large demand for water was during the middle-late period of fruit development of pitaya(10-15 and 20-25 d after flowering).The correlation analysis results showed that the single fruit weight and fresh weight of rind,fresh weight of flesh,soluble solid content and flesh water content were in linear positive correlation.The correlations between single fruit weight and flesh fresh weight,between single fruit weight and and soluble solid content were significant(P<0.05),flesh fresh weight and soluble solid content increased as single fruit weight increased.【Conclusion】The middle-late period of fruit development of pitaya variety Jindu No.1(20-30 d after flowering)is a critical period for the formation of fruit quality and yield.During this period,the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened,which can lay the foundation for obtaining the best quality and the highest yield
【Objective】The variation regularity of quality during the fruit development process of pitaya variety Jindu No.1 was analyzed to provide reference for the development of rational fertilizer and water management measures in different growth and development periods.【Method】Many indexes including fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter,fruit shape index,single fruit weight,fresh weight of rind and flesh,the soluble solid content,flesh water content were investigated very 7 d after Jindu No.1 flowered for 5 d until mature period.Variation of fruit growth and quality development were presented by growth trend curves.【Result】Fruit vertical diameter,transverse diameter and single fruit weight of Jindu No.1 presented fast-slow-fast trend during the growth,which were lined with double S curve.Single fruit weight increased rapidly after seed developed completely.Rind fresh weight showed parabolic variation,and flesh fresh weight presented stable-rapid increase variation.The soluble solid content changed from steady to rapid increase as the fruit developed,and reached the top during 25-30 d after flowering.The large demand for water was during the middle-late period of fruit development of pitaya(10-15 and 20-25 d after flowering).The correlation analysis results showed that the single fruit weight and fresh weight of rind,fresh weight of flesh,soluble solid content and flesh water content were in linear positive correlation.The correlations between single fruit weight and flesh fresh weight,between single fruit weight and and soluble solid content were significant(P<0.05),flesh fresh weight and soluble solid content increased as single fruit weight increased.【Conclusion】The middle-late period of fruit development of pitaya variety Jindu No.1(20-30 d after flowering)is a critical period for the formation of fruit quality and yield.During this period,the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened,which can lay the foundation for obtaining the best quality and the highest yield
引文
陈丽娜,陈石,李润唐.2011.红肉火龙果与白肉火龙果品质分析[J].中国南方果树,40(4):69-70.[Chen L N,Chen S,Li R T.2011.Analysis of the quality of red meat pitaya and white meat pitaya[J].South China Fruits,40(4):69-70.]
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胡子有,梁桂东,黄海生,孙奇,何春玫.2011.人工授粉与自然授粉对火龙果果实发育和产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,38(13):39-41.[Hu Z Y,Liang G D,Huang H S,Sun Q,He C M.2011.Effect of artificial pollination and natural pollination on development and production of pitaya[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,38(13):39-41.]
胡子有,梁桂东,黄海生,孙奇,何春玫.2012.红肉火龙果果实生长动态规律研究[J].中国农学通报,28(1):218-222.[Hu Z Y,Liang G D,Huang H S,Sun Q,He C M.2012.Study on dynamic growth of fruit in Hylocereus polyrhizus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(1):218-222.]
李文云,彭志军,王彬,蔡永强.2010.火龙果不同品种(品系)果肉糖、酸含量及组成分析[J].贵州农业科学,38(11):215-217.[Li W Y,Peng Z J,Wang B,Cai Y Q.2010.Content and composition of soluble sugar and organic acid in flesh of different pitaya varieties[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,38(11):215-217.]
梁桂东,胡子有,李立志,唐志鹏,邓俭英,Sommay CHAN-THAVILATH.2011.人工授粉对火龙果果实发育的影响[J].广西植物,31(6):816-817.[Liang G D,Hu Z Y,Li L Z,Tang Z P,Deng J Y,Chanthavilath S.2011.Effects of articial pollination on fruit development of pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)[J].Guihaia,31(6):816-817.]
王彬.2008.火龙果果实发育规律及果实品质分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学.[Wang B.2008.Fruit development and quality analysis of pitaya[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University.]
王彬,郑伟,蔡永强.2009.黔龙1号火龙果果实鲜重动态变化及水分的需求与分配[J].贵州农业科学,37(12):162-163.[Wang B,Zheng W,Cai Y Q.2009.The variation trend of fruit fresh weight,flesh water demand and distribution of Qianlong 1(a pitaya variety)[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,37(12):162-163.]
王彬,郑伟,蔡永强.2015.火龙果果实发育期间营养元素含量的变化[J].热带作物学报,36(7):1242-1246.[Wang B,Zheng W,Cai Y Q.2015.Changes of nutrition element content in the fruitof pitaya fruit during development[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,36(7):1242-1246.]
王春飞,郁松林,肖年湘.2007.果树果实生长发育细胞学研究进展[J].中国农学通报,23(7):386-390.[Wang C F,Yu S L,Xiao N X.2007.Progress in cytology research of fruit growth and development[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,23(7):386-390.]
王金乔,马翠凤,张学娟,王斌,李宝深.2017.‘金都1号’火龙果果实生长发育规律研究[J].热带农业科学,37(2):24-27.[Wang J Q,Ma C F,Zhang X J,Wang B,Li B S.2017.The fruit growth and development of pitaya‘Jindu No.1’[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,37(2):24-27.]
杨雪梅,冯立娟,武冲,尹燕雷,李甲梁.2017.泰山红石榴果实生长发育动态研究[J].湖北农业科学,(5):1691-1694.[Yang X M,Feng L J,Wu C,Yin Y L,Li J L.2017.Study on the growth and development of Punica granatum L.cv.Taishanhong fruit[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,(5):1691-1694.]
赵志平,刘代兴.2007.不同花粉源对红肉型火龙果座果及品质的影响[J].热带农业科技,30(2):8-10.[Zhao Z P,Liu D X.2007.Effects of different pollens on fruit-set and quality of Hylocereus undatus[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,30(2):8-10.]
郑文武.2008.我国火龙果生产现状及发展前景[J].中国热带农业,(3):17.[Zheng W W.2008.The production status and prospect of pitaya in China[J].China Tropical Agriculture,(3):17.]
高安辉,韦茜,陈家龙,李仕品,郑伟.2004.红肉火龙果果实生长规律观察初报[J].西南园艺,32(6):4-5.[Gao AH,Wei X,Chen J L,Li S P,Zheng W.2004.Preliminary study on fruit growth of rubrum pitaya[J].Southwest Horticulture,32(6):4-5.]
高安辉,韦茜,陈家龙,李仕品,郑伟.2005.白肉火龙果纵横径变化动态观察[J].广西园艺,16(1):35-36.[Gao AH,Wei X,Chen J L,Li S P,Zheng W.2005.Dynamic observation of longitudinal and transverse diameters of pitaya[J].Guangxi Horticulture,16(1):35-36.]
胡子有,梁桂东,黄海生,孙奇.2010.外源GA3浸种处理促进火龙果种子发芽[J].基因组学与应用生物学,29(3):1-5.[Hu Z Y,Liang G D,Huang H S,Sun Q.2010.Exogenous GA3presoaking treatment to pitaya seeds for improving germination[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,29(3):1-5.]
胡子有,梁桂东,黄海生,孙奇,何春玫.2011.人工授粉与自然授粉对火龙果果实发育和产量的影响[J].广东农业科学,38(13):39-41.[Hu Z Y,Liang G D,Huang H S,Sun Q,He C M.2011.Effect of artificial pollination and natural pollination on development and production of pitaya[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,38(13):39-41.]
胡子有,梁桂东,黄海生,孙奇,何春玫.2012.红肉火龙果果实生长动态规律研究[J].中国农学通报,28(1):218-222.[Hu Z Y,Liang G D,Huang H S,Sun Q,He C M.2012.Study on dynamic growth of fruit in Hylocereus polyrhizus[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,28(1):218-222.]
李文云,彭志军,王彬,蔡永强.2010.火龙果不同品种(品系)果肉糖、酸含量及组成分析[J].贵州农业科学,38(11):215-217.[Li W Y,Peng Z J,Wang B,Cai Y Q.2010.Content and composition of soluble sugar and organic acid in flesh of different pitaya varieties[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,38(11):215-217.]
梁桂东,胡子有,李立志,唐志鹏,邓俭英,Sommay CHAN-THAVILATH.2011.人工授粉对火龙果果实发育的影响[J].广西植物,31(6):816-817.[Liang G D,Hu Z Y,Li L Z,Tang Z P,Deng J Y,Chanthavilath S.2011.Effects of articial pollination on fruit development of pitaya(Hylocereus polyrhizus)[J].Guihaia,31(6):816-817.]
王彬.2008.火龙果果实发育规律及果实品质分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学.[Wang B.2008.Fruit development and quality analysis of pitaya[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University.]
王彬,郑伟,蔡永强.2009.黔龙1号火龙果果实鲜重动态变化及水分的需求与分配[J].贵州农业科学,37(12):162-163.[Wang B,Zheng W,Cai Y Q.2009.The variation trend of fruit fresh weight,flesh water demand and distribution of Qianlong 1(a pitaya variety)[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,37(12):162-163.]
王彬,郑伟,蔡永强.2015.火龙果果实发育期间营养元素含量的变化[J].热带作物学报,36(7):1242-1246.[Wang B,Zheng W,Cai Y Q.2015.Changes of nutrition element content in the fruitof pitaya fruit during development[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,36(7):1242-1246.]
王春飞,郁松林,肖年湘.2007.果树果实生长发育细胞学研究进展[J].中国农学通报,23(7):386-390.[Wang C F,Yu S L,Xiao N X.2007.Progress in cytology research of fruit growth and development[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,23(7):386-390.]
王金乔,马翠凤,张学娟,王斌,李宝深.2017.‘金都1号’火龙果果实生长发育规律研究[J].热带农业科学,37(2):24-27.[Wang J Q,Ma C F,Zhang X J,Wang B,Li B S.2017.The fruit growth and development of pitaya‘Jindu No.1’[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture,37(2):24-27.]
杨雪梅,冯立娟,武冲,尹燕雷,李甲梁.2017.泰山红石榴果实生长发育动态研究[J].湖北农业科学,(5):1691-1694.[Yang X M,Feng L J,Wu C,Yin Y L,Li J L.2017.Study on the growth and development of Punica granatum L.cv.Taishanhong fruit[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,(5):1691-1694.]
赵志平,刘代兴.2007.不同花粉源对红肉型火龙果座果及品质的影响[J].热带农业科技,30(2):8-10.[Zhao Z P,Liu D X.2007.Effects of different pollens on fruit-set and quality of Hylocereus undatus[J].Tropical Agricultural Science&Technology,30(2):8-10.]
郑文武.2008.我国火龙果生产现状及发展前景[J].中国热带农业,(3):17.[Zheng W W.2008.The production status and prospect of pitaya in China[J].China Tropical Agriculture,(3):17.]