避雨栽培控制梨早期落叶及二次开花效果试验
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摘要
探讨了‘翠冠’梨在避雨与露地两种不同栽培模式下,叶部病害发生、早期落叶、二次开花程度的差异及其对开花结果与果实品质的影响。结果表明:‘翠冠’梨在避雨栽培条件下,梨斑点病、梨褐斑病、梨黑斑病、梨炭疽病4种叶部主要病害发生轻微,病情指数极显著低于露地栽培;避雨栽培梨的大量落叶期较露地栽培推迟60 d以上;与露地栽培相比,避雨栽培梨的当年秋冬花芽萌动比例降低了62.28个百分点,花芽数量增加了2.21倍,翌年花序坐果率、花朵坐果率、单株产量分别提高了1.20、2.05、2.98倍,单果重、果实可溶性固形物含量分别增加了86.66 g和提高了0.85个百分点。
Under two different cultivation modes( rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation) of "Cuiguan"pear,the differences in leaf disease occurrence,early defoliation and reflorescence degree of pear trees were studied,and their effects on the flowering,fruit-setting and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that four main leaf diseases( pear spot disease,brown patch,black spot and anthracnose) in "Cuiguan"pear occurred slightly under the condition of rain-shelter cultivation,and the disease indexes of these four diseases were significantly lower than those under open-field cultivation. The date of mass defoliation in rain-shelter cultivation was over 60 days later than that in open-field cultivation. In comparison with open-field cultivation,the germinating rate of floral buds in autumn and winter of this year in rain-shelter cultivation reduced by 62.28%,the quantity of floral buds increased by 2.21 times,the fruit-setting rate of inflorescences,fruit-setting rate of flowers and single-plant yield in the next year increased by 1.20,2.05 and 2.98 times,respectively,and the single-fruit weight and soluble solid content increased by 86.66 g and 0.85%,respectively.
Under two different cultivation modes( rain-shelter cultivation and open-field cultivation) of "Cuiguan"pear,the differences in leaf disease occurrence,early defoliation and reflorescence degree of pear trees were studied,and their effects on the flowering,fruit-setting and fruit quality were analyzed. The results showed that four main leaf diseases( pear spot disease,brown patch,black spot and anthracnose) in "Cuiguan"pear occurred slightly under the condition of rain-shelter cultivation,and the disease indexes of these four diseases were significantly lower than those under open-field cultivation. The date of mass defoliation in rain-shelter cultivation was over 60 days later than that in open-field cultivation. In comparison with open-field cultivation,the germinating rate of floral buds in autumn and winter of this year in rain-shelter cultivation reduced by 62.28%,the quantity of floral buds increased by 2.21 times,the fruit-setting rate of inflorescences,fruit-setting rate of flowers and single-plant yield in the next year increased by 1.20,2.05 and 2.98 times,respectively,and the single-fruit weight and soluble solid content increased by 86.66 g and 0.85%,respectively.
引文
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[13]钱培华,金凤雷,骆军,等.连栋大棚梨先促成后避雨效果初报[J].中国南方果树,2006,25(5):63-64.
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[15]黄新忠,张长和,曾少敏,等.梨叶部病害与梨叶早衰脱落相关性分析[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):160-164.
[16]黄新忠,张长和,曾少敏,等.梨斑点病田间病情发生规律及其影响因子分析[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(11):1122-1126.
[17]施品忠.翠冠梨在衢州的生物学特性表现及优质丰产栽培技术[J].现代园艺,2015(7):34-35.
[18]黄新忠,陈义挺,雷龑,等.福建梨早期大量落叶诱因与防控策略[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):91-95.
[2]陈爱军.桂林避雨葡萄病虫害发生规律及防治技术[J].中国南方果树,2011,40(2):71-72.
[3]杜飞,邓维萍,杨敏,等.避雨栽培对葡萄果腐病的防治效果及其微气象原理[J].经济林研究,2012,30(3):44-50,65.
[4]周建宽,梁应智,韦里军,等.巨峰葡萄避雨栽培对病害防控效果试验[J].中国果蔬,2016,36(6):43-44.
[5]王军,王健,谷纬,等.江苏沿海地区避雨栽培对葡萄果实品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2012(4):140-141,144.
[6]李秀玲,梁桂东,邓俭英,等.南方葡萄品种避雨栽培果实性状鉴定与贮藏试验[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(4):1376-1381.
[7]江映锦.福建穆阳水蜜桃避雨栽培技术及其成效[J].福建果树,2012(2):45-47.
[8]唐元华,张敏.乌皮樱桃大棚避雨栽培效果初报[J].南方农业,2013,7(3):26-28.
[9]李延菊,张序,孙庆田,等.避雨设施栽培对大樱桃生态环境及生理特性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2014,46(4):43-47.
[10]钱东南,钭凌娟,周秦.不同避雨栽培措施对樱桃果实性状的影响[J].江西农业学报,2013,25(3):33-35.
[11]黄雪燕,杨倩倩,王涛,等.避雨栽培对大棚梨病虫害发生及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2012,41(3):46-49.
[12]林志雄,陆育生,常晓晓.避雨栽培对广东嫁接梨生长发育及果实品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(6):64-68.
[13]钱培华,金凤雷,骆军,等.连栋大棚梨先促成后避雨效果初报[J].中国南方果树,2006,25(5):63-64.
[14]蔡高臣,梁瑞郑,易显荣,等.南方早熟梨避雨栽培试验[J].南方园艺,2012,23(5):4-5.
[15]黄新忠,张长和,曾少敏,等.梨叶部病害与梨叶早衰脱落相关性分析[J].植物保护,2015,41(4):160-164.
[16]黄新忠,张长和,曾少敏,等.梨斑点病田间病情发生规律及其影响因子分析[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(11):1122-1126.
[17]施品忠.翠冠梨在衢州的生物学特性表现及优质丰产栽培技术[J].现代园艺,2015(7):34-35.
[18]黄新忠,陈义挺,雷龑,等.福建梨早期大量落叶诱因与防控策略[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(2):91-95.