延迟栽培对杨梅果实成熟期和品质的影响
|
摘要
为延长杨梅鲜果供应期,提高栽培经济效益,以17年生东魁为材料,采用防虫罗帐和避雨材料同时覆盖树体进行延迟栽培(delayed cultivation, DC),采用防虫罗帐单独覆盖进行罗帐栽培(insect-proof cultivation, IPC),并以露地栽培(open field cultivation)为对照(CK)。调查不同模式下的果实成熟期和产量效益,并测定果实品质。结果表明,相比露地栽培树体,延迟栽培和罗帐栽培在2016年果实采收结束日期分别推迟14、5天,在2017年分别推迟16、4天。两者相比对照,果实品质和效益更优,尤其是成熟期多雨的2017年,延迟栽培在采收结束时的单果质量、可溶性固形物和总糖均显著高于其他处理。研究表明延迟栽培能够达到延迟成熟、延长采收期、提高品质和经济效益的效果,且在成熟期多雨的年份效果更为显著。
To extend the supply period of fresh fruit of Chinese bayberry, 17 years old trees of 'Dongkui' are used as materials. Insect net and umbrella cloth covering the trees is used for delayed cultivation(DC), single insect net covering is used for insect-proof cultivation(IPC), and trees of open field cultivation is used ascontrol(CK). Fruit ripening date, yield and economic efficiency under different patterns are investigated, andfruit quality is tested for two consecutive years. The results revealed that the ending date of fruit harvest of DCand IPC were delayed for 14 d and 5 d in 2016, respectively, and delayed for 16 d and 4 d in 2017,respectively, compared with that of CK. DC and IPC had better fruit quality and economic efficiency. In theyear of 2017, with rainy fruit ripening period, single fruit weight, soluble solids and total sugar of DC werehigher than the other two treatments. Therefore, delayed cultivation could achieve delayed maturity, improve quality and economic benefits, and the effect is more significant in rainy years.
To extend the supply period of fresh fruit of Chinese bayberry, 17 years old trees of 'Dongkui' are used as materials. Insect net and umbrella cloth covering the trees is used for delayed cultivation(DC), single insect net covering is used for insect-proof cultivation(IPC), and trees of open field cultivation is used ascontrol(CK). Fruit ripening date, yield and economic efficiency under different patterns are investigated, andfruit quality is tested for two consecutive years. The results revealed that the ending date of fruit harvest of DCand IPC were delayed for 14 d and 5 d in 2016, respectively, and delayed for 16 d and 4 d in 2017,respectively, compared with that of CK. DC and IPC had better fruit quality and economic efficiency. In theyear of 2017, with rainy fruit ripening period, single fruit weight, soluble solids and total sugar of DC werehigher than the other two treatments. Therefore, delayed cultivation could achieve delayed maturity, improve quality and economic benefits, and the effect is more significant in rainy years.
引文
[1]Sun C D,Huang H Z,Xu C J,et al.Biological Activities of Extracts from Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.):A Review[J].Plant Foods For Human Nutrition,2013,68:97-106.
[2]Zhang X N,Huang H Z,Zhao X Y,et al.Effects of flavonoids-rich Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)Pulp Extracts on glucose consumption in Human HepG2 Cells[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,14:144-153.
[3]Yan S X,Zhang X N,Wen X,et al.Purification of Flavonoids from Chinese Bayberry(Morella rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)Fruit Extracts andα-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fractionations[J].Molecules,2016,21:1148.
[4]Zhang X N,Lv Q,Jia S,et al.Effects of flavonoids-rich Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)fruit extract on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK-Ay mice[J].Food Function,2016,7:3130-3140.
[5]Zhang Y,Chen S G,Wei C Y,et al.Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)leaves regulate lipid metabolism and glucose consumption by activating AMPKpathway in HepG2 cells[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,29:217-225.
[6]Huang H Z,Sun Y J,Lou S T,et al.In vitro digestion combined with cellular assay to determine the antioxidant activity in Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)fruits:A comparison with traditional methods[J].Food Chemistry,2014,146:363-370.
[7]Huang H Z,Chen A Y,Rojanasakul Y,et al.Dietary compounds galangin and myricetin suppress ovarian cancer cell angiogenesis[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,15:464-475.
[8]梁森苗,郑锡良,任海英,等.不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):97-102.
[9]朱和辉,陈国安,王乐生.浙中地区东魁杨梅延迟栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯,2014,12:232-233.
[10]郑锡良,任海英,梁森苗,等.薄膜棚架避雨对杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(6):85-88.
[11]钭凌娟,陈丁华,倪晓军,等.兰溪杨梅设施促早栽培试验[J].现代园艺,2016,12:13-14.
[12]朱建军,金微微.不同罗帐时间对山区东魁杨梅果蝇防效、产量和质量的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(2):102-103,110.
[13]杨桂玲.杨梅全产业链质量安全风险管控手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:7-8.
[14]黄茜斌,梁克宏,王允镔,等.东魁杨梅单树罗幔(帐)栽培技术研究[J].浙江柑橘,2011,28(3):29-33.
[15]Mcguire R G.Reporting of objective color measurements[J].HortScience,1992,27(12):1254-125.
[16]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:28-30.
[17]陈钧辉.生物化学实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:15-16.
[18]梁森苗,徐云焕,王伟,等.杨梅果实发育过程中外观及主要营养品质形成规律研究[J].核农学报,2016(6):1135-1141.
[19]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:34-37.
[20]金新芽,邵学强,陶永格.浙江省梅雨特征及时空分布分析[J].水文,2010,30(3):93-96.
[21]饶汉宗,王华弟,沈颖,等.杨梅果实腐烂主要病害与综合防控技术研究[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(11):1892-1895.
[22]范志强,余霞,王军.不同光强对油菜叶片生理活性的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2008(20):26-27,39.
[23]王松,蔡艳飞,李枝林,等.光照条件对高山杜鹃光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(10):2095-2101.
[24]诸葛松良,李上堂,薛继兴,等.丁岙杨梅上应用防虫帏与避雨棚结合技术对果实品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2014,7:96-97.
[25]柴春燕,周和锋,徐绍清,等.不同避雨栽培措施对杨梅果实采收量的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(4):83-85.
[26]潘孝强,林观周,林光荣,等.大棚栽培对苍南东魁杨梅物候期的影响[J].浙江柑橘,2017,34(3):36-38.
[2]Zhang X N,Huang H Z,Zhao X Y,et al.Effects of flavonoids-rich Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)Pulp Extracts on glucose consumption in Human HepG2 Cells[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,14:144-153.
[3]Yan S X,Zhang X N,Wen X,et al.Purification of Flavonoids from Chinese Bayberry(Morella rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)Fruit Extracts andα-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fractionations[J].Molecules,2016,21:1148.
[4]Zhang X N,Lv Q,Jia S,et al.Effects of flavonoids-rich Chinese Bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)fruit extract on regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic KK-Ay mice[J].Food Function,2016,7:3130-3140.
[5]Zhang Y,Chen S G,Wei C Y,et al.Proanthocyanidins from Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)leaves regulate lipid metabolism and glucose consumption by activating AMPKpathway in HepG2 cells[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2017,29:217-225.
[6]Huang H Z,Sun Y J,Lou S T,et al.In vitro digestion combined with cellular assay to determine the antioxidant activity in Chinese bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.)fruits:A comparison with traditional methods[J].Food Chemistry,2014,146:363-370.
[7]Huang H Z,Chen A Y,Rojanasakul Y,et al.Dietary compounds galangin and myricetin suppress ovarian cancer cell angiogenesis[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2015,15:464-475.
[8]梁森苗,郑锡良,任海英,等.不同修剪方式对杨梅矮化提质效应的研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(34):97-102.
[9]朱和辉,陈国安,王乐生.浙中地区东魁杨梅延迟栽培技术[J].农业科技通讯,2014,12:232-233.
[10]郑锡良,任海英,梁森苗,等.薄膜棚架避雨对杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(6):85-88.
[11]钭凌娟,陈丁华,倪晓军,等.兰溪杨梅设施促早栽培试验[J].现代园艺,2016,12:13-14.
[12]朱建军,金微微.不同罗帐时间对山区东魁杨梅果蝇防效、产量和质量的影响[J].中国南方果树,2017,46(2):102-103,110.
[13]杨桂玲.杨梅全产业链质量安全风险管控手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2017:7-8.
[14]黄茜斌,梁克宏,王允镔,等.东魁杨梅单树罗幔(帐)栽培技术研究[J].浙江柑橘,2011,28(3):29-33.
[15]Mcguire R G.Reporting of objective color measurements[J].HortScience,1992,27(12):1254-125.
[16]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬采后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:28-30.
[17]陈钧辉.生物化学实验[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:15-16.
[18]梁森苗,徐云焕,王伟,等.杨梅果实发育过程中外观及主要营养品质形成规律研究[J].核农学报,2016(6):1135-1141.
[19]曹建康,姜微波,赵玉梅.果蔬菜后生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007:34-37.
[20]金新芽,邵学强,陶永格.浙江省梅雨特征及时空分布分析[J].水文,2010,30(3):93-96.
[21]饶汉宗,王华弟,沈颖,等.杨梅果实腐烂主要病害与综合防控技术研究[J].浙江农业科学,2016,57(11):1892-1895.
[22]范志强,余霞,王军.不同光强对油菜叶片生理活性的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2008(20):26-27,39.
[23]王松,蔡艳飞,李枝林,等.光照条件对高山杜鹃光合生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2012,32(10):2095-2101.
[24]诸葛松良,李上堂,薛继兴,等.丁岙杨梅上应用防虫帏与避雨棚结合技术对果实品质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2014,7:96-97.
[25]柴春燕,周和锋,徐绍清,等.不同避雨栽培措施对杨梅果实采收量的影响[J].浙江林业科技,2010,30(4):83-85.
[26]潘孝强,林观周,林光荣,等.大棚栽培对苍南东魁杨梅物候期的影响[J].浙江柑橘,2017,34(3):36-38.