深井沿空切顶巷道围岩协同控制及应力演化规律
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摘要
为解决深部沿空留巷动压显著﹑难支护的问题,基于切顶沿空留巷技术原理,对深部沿空切顶巷道卸压效果﹑围岩应力演化规律及控制技术进行深入研究。超前顶板切缝切断了采空区顶板向留巷顶板传递应力的路径,避免了采掘应力叠加,消除了工作面端头与回采巷道交叉口的"应力尖角";切缝可使一定范围内工作面支架平均压力和周期压力减小,随着远离切缝,影响逐渐消失;直接顶悬臂梁长度的减小和基本顶有效荷载的降低是导致支架平均压力和周期压力下降的主要原因。根据深部地质力学环境及岩体变形特征,构建"恒阻主动让压控制顶板、柔性可缩让位抗侧压、高阻临时支护抗动压,加大支护长度护煤帮"的深井沿空切顶巷道围岩协同控制体系,并在城郊煤矿21304工作面进行现场试验。结果显示:构建的协同控制体系能有效控制深部岩体变形,取得较好的应用效果。
In order to solve the problems of the increased dynamic pressure in deep gob-side entry-retaining and the difficulty in supporting the roadway, the effect of pressure relief, the stress evolution law and control technology of surrounding rock are studied in depth based on the technical principle of gob-side entry retaining cutting roof. The kerf of leading roof cuts the path through which the stress is transmitted from the roof of goaf to that of the reserved tunnel, avoiding the superposition of the mining stress and eliminating the "stress cusp" at the intersection of the working face and the mining roadway. The average pressure and periodic pressure of the bracket in the working face can be reduced by the kerf and gradually disappear with the increased distance from the kerf. And that is mainly due to the reduction of the length of direct overhead cantilever beam and the effective load of the basic roof.According to the deep geomechanical environment and the deformation characteristics of rock mass, the collaborative control system of surrounding rock of deep gob-side entry-retaining cutting roof of "Constant resistance to allow pressure to control the roof, flexible retractable place to resist lateral pressure,high resistance temporary support against dynamic pressure, and increase support length to protect coal sidewall" are constructed and the field test is carried out in working face 21304 of suburban coal mine.The results have shown that the collaborative control system can effectively control the deformation of the deep rock mass and has been well applied.
In order to solve the problems of the increased dynamic pressure in deep gob-side entry-retaining and the difficulty in supporting the roadway, the effect of pressure relief, the stress evolution law and control technology of surrounding rock are studied in depth based on the technical principle of gob-side entry retaining cutting roof. The kerf of leading roof cuts the path through which the stress is transmitted from the roof of goaf to that of the reserved tunnel, avoiding the superposition of the mining stress and eliminating the "stress cusp" at the intersection of the working face and the mining roadway. The average pressure and periodic pressure of the bracket in the working face can be reduced by the kerf and gradually disappear with the increased distance from the kerf. And that is mainly due to the reduction of the length of direct overhead cantilever beam and the effective load of the basic roof.According to the deep geomechanical environment and the deformation characteristics of rock mass, the collaborative control system of surrounding rock of deep gob-side entry-retaining cutting roof of "Constant resistance to allow pressure to control the roof, flexible retractable place to resist lateral pressure,high resistance temporary support against dynamic pressure, and increase support length to protect coal sidewall" are constructed and the field test is carried out in working face 21304 of suburban coal mine.The results have shown that the collaborative control system can effectively control the deformation of the deep rock mass and has been well applied.
引文
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[12]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.厚煤层快速回采切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷工程试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):254-264.HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al.Engineering experimentation of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure release in a thick-seam fast-extracted mining face[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):254-264.
[13]韩昌良.沿空留巷围岩应力优化与结构稳定控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[14]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[15]李化敏,蒋东杰,李东印.特厚煤层大采高综放工作面矿压及顶板破断特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1956-1960.LI Huamin,JIANG Dongjie,LI Dongyin.Analysis of ground pressure and roof movement in fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in ultra-thick seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1956-1960.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:84-90.
[2]谢和平,周宏伟,薛东杰,等.煤炭深部开采与极限开采深度的研究与思考[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(4):535-542.XIE Heping,ZHOU Hongwei,XUE Dongjie,et al.Research and consideration on deep coal mining and critical mining depth[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(4):535-542.
[3]华心祝.我国沿空留巷支护技术发展现状及改进建议[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(12):78-81.HUA Xinzhu.Development status and improved proposals on gob-side entry retaining support technology[J].Coal Science and Technology,2006,34(12):78-81.
[4]陈勇,柏建彪,王襄禹,等.沿空留巷巷内支护技术研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(6):903-910.CHEN Yong,BAI Jianbiao,WANG Xiangyu,et al.Support technology research and application inside roadway of gob-side entry retaining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(6):903-910.
[5]唐建新,胡海,涂兴东,等.普通混凝土巷旁充填沿空留巷试验[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9):1425-1429.TANG Jianxin,HU Hai,TU Xingdong,et al.Experimental on roadside packing gob-side entry retaining for ordinary concrete[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(9):1425-1429.
[6]康红普,牛多龙,张镇,等.深部沿空留巷围岩变形特征与支护技术[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1977-1987.KANG Hongpu,NIU Duolong,ZHANG Zhen,et al.Deformation characteristics of surrounding rock and supporting technology of gob-side entry retaining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1977-1987.
[7]张国锋,何满潮,俞学平,等.白皎矿保护层沿空切顶成巷无煤柱开采技术研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2011,28(4):511-516.ZHANG Guofeng,HE Manchao,YU Xueping,et al.Research on the technique of no-pillar mining with gob-side entry retaining formed by advanced roof caving in the protective seam in Baijiao coal mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2011,28(4):511-516.
[8]孙晓明,刘鑫,梁广峰,等.薄煤层切顶卸压沿空留巷关键参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1449-1456.SUN Xiaoming,LIU Xin,LIANG Guangfeng,et al.Key parameters of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1449-1456.
[9]郭志飚,王将,曹天培,等.薄煤层切顶卸压自动成巷关键参数研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(5):879-885.GUO Zhibiao,WANG Jiang,CAO Tianpei,et al.Research on key parameters of gob-side entry retaining automatically formed by roof cut and pressure releasing in thin coal seams mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(5):879-885.
[10]张国锋,许有青,葛鹏涛.唐山沟矿厚层砂岩顶板切缝沿空成巷试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1397-1406.ZHANG Guofeng,XU Youqing,GE Pengtao.Research on cut gob-side entry retaining in thin coal seam of Tangshan ditch[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1397-1406.
[11]何满潮,陈上元,郭志飚,等.切顶卸压沿空留巷围岩结构控制及其工程应用[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(5):959-969.HE Manchao,CHEN Shangyuan,GUO Zhibiao,et al.Control of surrounding rock structure for gob-side entry retaining by cutting roof to release pressure and its engineering application[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(5):959-969.
[12]何满潮,高玉兵,杨军,等.厚煤层快速回采切顶卸压无煤柱自成巷工程试验[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):254-264.HE Manchao,GAO Yubing,YANG Jun,et al.Engineering experimentation of gob-side entry retaining formed by roof cutting and pressure release in a thick-seam fast-extracted mining face[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):254-264.
[13]韩昌良.沿空留巷围岩应力优化与结构稳定控制[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2013.
[14]何满潮,郭志飚.恒阻大变形锚杆力学特性及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(7):1297-1308.HE Manchao,GUO Zhibiao.Mechanical property and engineering application of anchor bolt with constant resistance and large deformation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(7):1297-1308.
[15]李化敏,蒋东杰,李东印.特厚煤层大采高综放工作面矿压及顶板破断特征[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(10):1956-1960.LI Huamin,JIANG Dongjie,LI Dongyin.Analysis of ground pressure and roof movement in fully-mechanized top coal caving with large mining height in ultra-thick seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(10):1956-1960.
[16]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010:84-90.