镍包石墨自润滑涂层的制备及性能
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摘要
为增强涂层与基体结合强度及减少基体对减摩相的稀释作用,利用激光熔敷技术在Q235钢表面制备了镍包石墨自润滑双层涂层。通过显微硬度计对涂层截面进行硬度测试;利用摩擦磨损试验机检验涂层摩擦性能;运用高分辨扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析手段对涂层表面磨痕形貌、磨损类型进行综合分析。结果表明:镍包石墨自润滑涂层熔敷层显微硬度为600～750 HV;涂层摩擦系数在0.38～0.41之间,且随载荷增大而减小。载荷为10 N时,发生黏着磨损;30 N时,出现氧化磨损;50 N时,氧化物的断裂为主要的磨损方式。镍包石墨减摩相的添加,有效改善涂层减摩性能;而涂层与基体结合良好,无气孔、夹杂现象,减少了熔敷过程中石墨的氧化分解。
In order to enhance the bonding strength of the coating to the substrate and reduce the dilution effect of the substrate on the antifriction phase, the Ni-coated graphite self-lubricating double-layer coating was prepared on the Q235 steel surface by laser cladding technique. The hardness of the coating cross section was tested by microhardness tester, the friction and wear properties of the coating were tested by friction and wear tester, and the wear surface morphology and wear type of the coating were analyzed by means of high resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the micro-hardness of the Ni-coated graphite self-lubricating coating is between 600-750 HV; and the friction coefficient of the coating is between 0.38 and 0.41, and decreases with the increase of load. When the load is 10 N, adhesive wear occurs, oxidation wear occurs at 30 N, and the fracture of oxide is the main wear mode at 50 N. The addition of anti-friction phase of Ni-coated graphite can effectively improve the antifriction performance of the coating, while the coating has good bonding with the substrate, no porosity and inclusions, which reduces the oxidation and decomposition of graphite during the laser cladding process.
In order to enhance the bonding strength of the coating to the substrate and reduce the dilution effect of the substrate on the antifriction phase, the Ni-coated graphite self-lubricating double-layer coating was prepared on the Q235 steel surface by laser cladding technique. The hardness of the coating cross section was tested by microhardness tester, the friction and wear properties of the coating were tested by friction and wear tester, and the wear surface morphology and wear type of the coating were analyzed by means of high resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometer. The results show that the micro-hardness of the Ni-coated graphite self-lubricating coating is between 600-750 HV; and the friction coefficient of the coating is between 0.38 and 0.41, and decreases with the increase of load. When the load is 10 N, adhesive wear occurs, oxidation wear occurs at 30 N, and the fracture of oxide is the main wear mode at 50 N. The addition of anti-friction phase of Ni-coated graphite can effectively improve the antifriction performance of the coating, while the coating has good bonding with the substrate, no porosity and inclusions, which reduces the oxidation and decomposition of graphite during the laser cladding process.
引文
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[2] Courant B,Hantzpergue J J,Avril L,et al.Structure and hardness of titanium surfaces carburized by pulsed laser melting with graphite addition[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004(3):374-381.
[3] 马超,王存山.镍包石墨对激光熔覆镍基合金涂层组织和性能的影响[J].中国激光,2013,40(8):63-69.MA Chao,WANG Cun-shan.Influence of graphite/Ni on microstructure and properties of laser clad Ni-based alloy coatings[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2013,40(8):63-69.
[4] Polcar T,Cavaleiro A.Review on self-lubricant transition metal dichalcogenide nanocomposite coatings alloye with carbon[J].Surface and Coatings Technology,2011,206:686-695.
[5] He L,Tan Y F,Wang X L,et al.Tribological properties of laser cladding TiB2 particles reinforced Ni-base alloy composite coatings on aluminum alloy[J].Rare Metal.2015,34(11):789-796.
[6] 董阳阳,王强,高培虎,等.等离子喷涂镍包石墨涂层的研究[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(8):145-149.DONG Yang-yang,WANG Qiang,GAO Pei-hu,et al.Research on nickel plated graphite coatings prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying[J].Hot Working Technology,2017,46 (8):145-149.
[7] 侯庆英,郭利雄,王忠明.火焰喷涂镍石墨涂层工艺研究[J].制造技术与机床,2010(8):97-99.HOU Qing-ying,GUO Li-xiong,WANG Zhong-ming.Research on process of nikel-graphit coating with flame spraying[J].Manufacturing Technology and Machine Tool,2010 (8):97-99.
[8] 梁秀兵,商俊超,郭永明,等.高速电弧喷涂NiCrBMoFe/BaF2·CaF2涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究[J].摩擦学学报,2013,33(5):469-474.LIANG Xiu-bing,SHANG Jun-chao,GUO Yong-ming,et al.Wear properties of NiCrBMoFe /BaF2·CaF2 coating by high velocity arc spraying[J].Tribology,2013,33 (5):469-474.
[9] 牛伟,孙荣禄.h-BN含量对激光熔覆自润滑涂层微观组织和磨损性能的影响[J].中国激光,2011,38(8):126-132.NIU Wei,SUN Rong-lu.Effect of h-BN content on microstructures and wear resistance of laser cladding self-lubricant coatings[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38 (8):126-132.
[10] 陈希章,胡科,袁其兵.激光熔敷原位合成WC增强铁基复合涂层的组织和性能[J].中国表面工程,2016,29(4):118-124.CHEN Xi-zhang,HU Ke,YUAN Qi-bing.Microstructure and performance of WC reinforced Fe-based composite coatings Synthesized in-situ produced by laser cladding[J].China Surface Engineering,2016,29 (4):118-124.
[11] 黄金亮,马云庆,郑世安,等.添加WC对镍基合金激光熔敷层硬度及腐蚀磨损行为的影响[J].金属热处理,1994,19(8):23-27.HUANG Jin-liang,MA Yun-qing,ZHENG Shi-an,et al.Effect of WC on hardness and corrosion wear behaviors of coating by laser cladded process[J].Heat Treatment of Metals,1994,19 (8):23-27.
[12] Lu X L,Liu X B,Yu P C,et al.Synthesis and characterization of Ni60-hBN high temperature self-lubricating anti-wear composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser cladding[J].Optics and Laser Technology,2016,78(B):87-94.
[13] Sun Q C,Wang Z X,Yin B,et al.The tribological properties and wear mechanism of copper coated graphite doped Sialon ceramic composites at wide range temperature from 25 to 800 ℃[J].Tribology International,2018,(123):10-16.
[14] 王树奇,崔向红.钢氧化磨损的轻微-严重磨损转变[J].材料研究学报,2012,26(1):1-7.WANG Shu-qi,CUI Xiang-hong.Mild-to-severe wear transition of oxidative wear of steels[J].Chinese Journal of Materials Research,2012,26 (1):1-7.
[15] 伍超群,周克崧,刘敏,等.不同热喷涂技术制备镍基涂层的摩擦磨损性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2007,17(9):1506-1510.WU Chao-qun,ZHOU Ke-song,LIU Min,et al.Wear properties of nickel-based coating sprayed by different thermal spraying technologies[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2007,17 (9):1506-1510.