西洞庭湖入湖河流磷的污染特征
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摘要
为识别西洞庭湖长江三口分流来水与洞庭湖水系河流来水磷元素的污染特征,于2016年1—12月在西洞庭湖的主要入湖河流松滋河(三口分流河道)、沅江和澧水(洞庭湖水系河流)开展了水文水质同步调查,研究了入湖河流中磷浓度和组成的时空分布特征,剖析了水文因素对磷污染特征的影响,探究了磷的来源结构.结果表明,3条主要入湖河流流量平均值表现为沅江(1 718 m~3/s)>松滋河(935 m~3/s)>澧水(884 m~3/s),ρ(TP)平均值表现为沅江(0.070 mg/L)<澧水(0.077 mg/L)<松滋河(0.138mg/L);沅江的年均入湖磷通量(4 177.26 t/a)对于西洞庭湖磷污染而言仍起主导作用;沅江、澧水与松滋河的磷的形态以DTP(溶解态磷,占比为78.56%~90.19%)为主,并且松滋河DTP占比(90.19%)显著高于沅江和澧水(78.56%~83.34%).进一步的分析显示,3条河流的磷污染状况受水文因素影响显著,沅江和澧水磷浓度表现为汛期高于非汛期,磷的主要来源为非点源;松滋河的磷浓度表现为非汛期高于汛期,汛期主要取决于长江来水状况,非汛期主要取决于松滋口以下区间的点源污染状况.研究显示,3条河流磷浓度和形态均具有时空差异性,并且年内变化规律差异较大.
In order to explore the pollution characteristics of phosphorus between upstream runoffs from the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake Basin input to the West Dongting Lake,simultaneous survey of hydrological and water quality parameters was carried out during 2016 in the three main into-lake rivers including the Songzi River(the typical river connected with the Yangtze River through three water inlets),the Yuanjiang River and the Lishui River(main rivers in the Dongting Lake Basin).The spatial-temporal variation of the phosphorus concentration and forms were analyzed,and the influence of hydrological factors and the source of phosphorus pollution were discussed about the three main into-lake rivers.The results show that the average river rate flow of the three rivers is ranked as Yuanjiang River(1718 m~3/s) > Songzi River(935 m~3/s) > Lishui River(884 m~3/s).Instead,the total phosphorus concentration is ranked asYuanjiang River(0.070 mg/L) < Lishui River(0.077 mg/L) < Songzi River(0.138 mg/L).Although compared with the previous annual mean value(0.103 mg/L,2014-2015),the total phosphorus concentration(0.070 mg/L) of the Yuanjiang River decreased,its annual mean flux of phosphorus(4177.26 t/a) still plays a leading role in phosphorus pollution of the West Dongting Lake.The phosphorus of the three main into-lake rivers is mainly composed of dissolved total phosphorus(DTP,78.56%-90.19%).The DTP proportion(90.19%) of the Songzi River,on behalf of the distributary channels from the Yangtze River,is obviously higher than that of the rivers in the Dongting Lake Basin,namely the Yuanjiang River and Lishui River(78.56%-83.34%).In the light of further discussion,it is found that the phosphorus pollution of the three main into-lake rivers is significantly affected by hydrological factors,the total phosphorus concentrations of the Yuanjiang River and Lishui River in flood season are higher than that in dry season which means that the phosphorus pollutant primarily comes from non-point source pollution.Taking note of a higher phosphorus concentration in dry season,it turns out that the phosphorus pollution of the Songzi River in flood season mainly depends on the diverted flow from the Yangtze River with relatively less pollutants,and in dry season primarily affected by the point source pollution along the Songzi River from the water inlet to the entrance of the lake.
In order to explore the pollution characteristics of phosphorus between upstream runoffs from the Yangtze River and the Dongting Lake Basin input to the West Dongting Lake,simultaneous survey of hydrological and water quality parameters was carried out during 2016 in the three main into-lake rivers including the Songzi River(the typical river connected with the Yangtze River through three water inlets),the Yuanjiang River and the Lishui River(main rivers in the Dongting Lake Basin).The spatial-temporal variation of the phosphorus concentration and forms were analyzed,and the influence of hydrological factors and the source of phosphorus pollution were discussed about the three main into-lake rivers.The results show that the average river rate flow of the three rivers is ranked as Yuanjiang River(1718 m~3/s) > Songzi River(935 m~3/s) > Lishui River(884 m~3/s).Instead,the total phosphorus concentration is ranked asYuanjiang River(0.070 mg/L) < Lishui River(0.077 mg/L) < Songzi River(0.138 mg/L).Although compared with the previous annual mean value(0.103 mg/L,2014-2015),the total phosphorus concentration(0.070 mg/L) of the Yuanjiang River decreased,its annual mean flux of phosphorus(4177.26 t/a) still plays a leading role in phosphorus pollution of the West Dongting Lake.The phosphorus of the three main into-lake rivers is mainly composed of dissolved total phosphorus(DTP,78.56%-90.19%).The DTP proportion(90.19%) of the Songzi River,on behalf of the distributary channels from the Yangtze River,is obviously higher than that of the rivers in the Dongting Lake Basin,namely the Yuanjiang River and Lishui River(78.56%-83.34%).In the light of further discussion,it is found that the phosphorus pollution of the three main into-lake rivers is significantly affected by hydrological factors,the total phosphorus concentrations of the Yuanjiang River and Lishui River in flood season are higher than that in dry season which means that the phosphorus pollutant primarily comes from non-point source pollution.Taking note of a higher phosphorus concentration in dry season,it turns out that the phosphorus pollution of the Songzi River in flood season mainly depends on the diverted flow from the Yangtze River with relatively less pollutants,and in dry season primarily affected by the point source pollution along the Songzi River from the water inlet to the entrance of the lake.
引文
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[11]王岩,姜霞,李永峰,等.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布与水体营养盐状态特征[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(5):484-491.WANG Yan,JIANG Xia,LI Yongfeng,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and nutritional characteristics of water of Dongting Lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2014,27(5):484-491.
[12]田琪,李利强,欧伏平.洞庭湖氮磷时空分布及形态组成特征[J].水生态学杂志,2016,37(3):19-25.TIAN Qi,LI Liqiang,OU Fuping,et al.Temporal-spatial distribution and speciation of nitrogen and phosphorus in Dongting Lake[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2016,37(3):19-25.
[13]张光贵,卢少勇,田琪,等.近20年洞庭湖总氮和总磷浓度时空变化及其影响因素分析[J].环境化学,2016,35(11):2377-2385.ZHANG Guanggui,LU Shaoyong,TIAN Qi,et al.Analysis of spatial-temporal variations of total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations and their influencing factors in Dongting Lake in the past two decades[J].Environmental Chemistry,2016,35(11):2377-2385.
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[28]FANG Hongwei,CHEN Minghong,CHEN Zhihe,et al.Effects of sediment particle morphology on adsorption of phosphorus elements[J].International Journal of Sediment Research,2013,28:246-253.
[29]LIANG Tao,TONG Yali,WANG Xiahui,et al.Release of reactive phosphorus from sediments in Dongting Lake linked with the Yangtze River[J].Environmental Chemisty,2016,14(1):48-54.
[30]YAO Qingzheng,YU Zhigang,CHEN Hongtao,et al.Phosphorus transport and speciation in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)system[J].Applied Geochemistry,2009(24):2186-2194.
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