地闪特征在冰雹天气识别中应用分析
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摘要
利用福建省闪电定位和地面观测资料,对福建2013—2015年14次冰雹过程的地闪活动特征和变化机制进行了研究.通过分析发现,冰雹天气过程中正地闪占总地闪的比例平均为14.2%,远高于2004—2015年福建地区正地闪比例的气候特征值3.4%.14次降雹过程中,地闪过程平均提前28.9min被观测到,正闪提前18.2min被观测到,正闪次数峰值一般出现在降雹之后.降雹之前,闪电的最大强度(陡度)绝对值呈变大趋势,降雹过程中,闪电最大强度(陡度)绝对值呈无明显规律变化,在降雹结束阶段,闪电最大强度峰值的绝对值呈减小趋势.以上这些特征揭示了冰雹天气过程中的地闪演变规律,可以作为福建地区冰雹天气过程监测和识别的参考指标.
Using the data of lightning locating system and field observation in Fujian province,the characteristics and variation mechanisms of cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning be studied in Fujian province of 14 hail weather from2013—2015.Although a lot of researchers have analyzed,and the results show that the mean proportion of positive CG lightning accounting for total CG lightning is 14.2%,which is much higher than the Fujian province climatic normal rate by 3.4% from 2004—2015.In the 14hail-failing,the CG lightning is monitored 28.9 min earlier the hail-failing,the positive CG lightning is monitored 18.2 min earlier the hail-failing,and the peak positive CG lightning is occurred after the occurrence of hailstones usually.The absolute value of intensity and steepness of CG lightning are lager before the hail-failing,The absolute value of intensity and steepness of CG lightning do not significantly laws in the hail-failing process,the absolute value of intensity a of CG lightning is smaller before the hail-failing.These features have revealed some evolvement rule of CG lightning in the hail weather,these features can be the indicator of hailstorms forecasting and identification in Fujian province.
Using the data of lightning locating system and field observation in Fujian province,the characteristics and variation mechanisms of cloud-to-ground(CG)lightning be studied in Fujian province of 14 hail weather from2013—2015.Although a lot of researchers have analyzed,and the results show that the mean proportion of positive CG lightning accounting for total CG lightning is 14.2%,which is much higher than the Fujian province climatic normal rate by 3.4% from 2004—2015.In the 14hail-failing,the CG lightning is monitored 28.9 min earlier the hail-failing,the positive CG lightning is monitored 18.2 min earlier the hail-failing,and the peak positive CG lightning is occurred after the occurrence of hailstones usually.The absolute value of intensity and steepness of CG lightning are lager before the hail-failing,The absolute value of intensity and steepness of CG lightning do not significantly laws in the hail-failing process,the absolute value of intensity a of CG lightning is smaller before the hail-failing.These features have revealed some evolvement rule of CG lightning in the hail weather,these features can be the indicator of hailstorms forecasting and identification in Fujian province.
引文
[1]李静,周毓荃,蔡淼.一次超级单体强雹暴发展演变过程的观测分析[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(2):1-7.
[2]杨敏,丁建芳.河南省冰雹时空分布及天气形势特征[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(1):54-60.
[3]李金辉,樊鹏.冰雹云提前识别及预警的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,2007,30(1):114-119.
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[5]蔡寿强,牛生杰,郭彬,等.湖北保康两次冰雹天气过程的综合分析[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(1):108-118.
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[7]REAP R M,MACGORMAN D R.Cloud-to-ground lightning:Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields,radar observations,and severe local storms[J].Mon Weather Rev,1989,117(3):518-535.
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[9]MACGORMAN D R,Rust W D.The electrical nature of storms[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1998,163-303.
[10]SEITY Y,SOULA S,TABARY P,et al.The convective storm systemduring IOP 2aof MAP:Cloudto-ground lightning flash productionin relation to dynamics and microphysics[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2003,129(588):523-542.
[11]YAO WEN,ZHANG YIJUN,MENG QING,et al.A comparison of the characteristics of total and cloud-to-ground lightning activities in hailstorms[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,27(2):282-293.
[12]张义军,孟青,Krehbiel P R,等.超级单体雷暴中闪电VHF辐射源的时空分布特征[J].科学通报,2004,49(5):499-505.
[13]LANG T J,RUTLEDGE S A,DYE J E,et al.Anomalously low negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash rates in intense convective storms observed during STERAO-A[J].Mon Weather Rev,2000,128(1):160-173
[14]SOULA S,SEITY Y,FERAL L,et al.Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hail-bearing storms[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2004,109(2):19-34.
[15]陈哲彰.冰雹与雷暴大风的云对地闪电特征[J].气象学报.1995.53(3):367-374.
[16]冯桂力,郄秀书,吴书君.山东地区冰雹云的闪电活动特征[J].大气科学,2008,32(2):289-299.
[2]杨敏,丁建芳.河南省冰雹时空分布及天气形势特征[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(1):54-60.
[3]李金辉,樊鹏.冰雹云提前识别及预警的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,2007,30(1):114-119.
[4]陈晓红,郝莹,周后福,等.一次罕见冰雹天气过程的对流参数分析[J].气象科学,2007,27(3):335-341.
[5]蔡寿强,牛生杰,郭彬,等.湖北保康两次冰雹天气过程的综合分析[J].大气科学学报,2014,37(1):108-118.
[6]丁建芳,杜春丽,鲍向东,等.一次冰雹云过程及其冰雹形成机制的模拟研究[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(2):49-57.
[7]REAP R M,MACGORMAN D R.Cloud-to-ground lightning:Climatological characteristics and relationships to model fields,radar observations,and severe local storms[J].Mon Weather Rev,1989,117(3):518-535.
[8]MACGORMAN D R,BURGESS D W.Positive cloud-to-ground lightningin tornadic storms and hailstorms[J].Mon Weather Rev,1994,122(8):1671-1697.
[9]MACGORMAN D R,Rust W D.The electrical nature of storms[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1998,163-303.
[10]SEITY Y,SOULA S,TABARY P,et al.The convective storm systemduring IOP 2aof MAP:Cloudto-ground lightning flash productionin relation to dynamics and microphysics[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2003,129(588):523-542.
[11]YAO WEN,ZHANG YIJUN,MENG QING,et al.A comparison of the characteristics of total and cloud-to-ground lightning activities in hailstorms[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2013,27(2):282-293.
[12]张义军,孟青,Krehbiel P R,等.超级单体雷暴中闪电VHF辐射源的时空分布特征[J].科学通报,2004,49(5):499-505.
[13]LANG T J,RUTLEDGE S A,DYE J E,et al.Anomalously low negative cloud-to-ground lightning flash rates in intense convective storms observed during STERAO-A[J].Mon Weather Rev,2000,128(1):160-173
[14]SOULA S,SEITY Y,FERAL L,et al.Cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hail-bearing storms[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2004,109(2):19-34.
[15]陈哲彰.冰雹与雷暴大风的云对地闪电特征[J].气象学报.1995.53(3):367-374.
[16]冯桂力,郄秀书,吴书君.山东地区冰雹云的闪电活动特征[J].大气科学,2008,32(2):289-299.