民居型景区空间分布特征及影响因素研究——以山西大院民居为例
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摘要
民居大院景区是人文景观中最主要的组成部分。以山西省136个"山西大院名居型景区"为研究对象,通过谷歌地球(Google Earth)、百度地图确定坐标基本地理信息。运用Arcgis10. 3空间分析法进行可视化表达,分析山西大院景区的空间分布格局及影响因素。结果表明:(1)山西11个地市的136个大院景区整体空间分布上呈现较均匀状态。(2)山西大院景区存在较为明显的空间差异,形成七个明显密度集聚中心与两个密度集聚区域,整体分布方向将沿东北—西南方向布局。(3)市域分布不均衡,呈现集中于以晋中、晋城为依托的周边地区。(4)高程空间格局显示,74. 26%的大院景区海拔高度在1 500 m～2 500 m范围中,海拔从宏观上影响大院景区的总体空间格局。(5)大院景区整体距河流平均距离为2. 3 km,且具有沿河流走势分布的特征。(6)大院景区分布具有倾向城市格局,表现为中心—外围逐渐递减的特点。
Taking 136 courtyard scenic spots in Shanxi Province,China as the research objects,this study used GIS spatial analysis to comprehensively analyze their distribution pattern and influencing factors. The geometric center coordinates of 136 courtyard scenic spots were collected to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the compound scenic spots via nuclear density estimation method,standard deviation ellipse,and spatial"hot spot analysis"method,and qualitatively analyze the influencing factors of the distribution pattern. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of the 136 scenic spots in 11 cities in Shanxi Province is congregate,but there are obvious spatial differences in the courtyard scenic spots because the distribution of the cities is uneven and the altitude affects the overall spatial pattern of the scenic spots from a macro perspective,which make the distribution of the compound scenic spots tend to be developed along the river and relying on the city. All above will provide new ideas for the future research on the pattern of famous scenic spots in Shanxi Province,which will be better for reasonably developing the residential scenic spots of Shanxi in the space layout,and scientifically promote the upgrading and transformation of the tourism industry of Shanxi in the future.
Taking 136 courtyard scenic spots in Shanxi Province,China as the research objects,this study used GIS spatial analysis to comprehensively analyze their distribution pattern and influencing factors. The geometric center coordinates of 136 courtyard scenic spots were collected to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the compound scenic spots via nuclear density estimation method,standard deviation ellipse,and spatial"hot spot analysis"method,and qualitatively analyze the influencing factors of the distribution pattern. The results indicated that the spatial distribution of the 136 scenic spots in 11 cities in Shanxi Province is congregate,but there are obvious spatial differences in the courtyard scenic spots because the distribution of the cities is uneven and the altitude affects the overall spatial pattern of the scenic spots from a macro perspective,which make the distribution of the compound scenic spots tend to be developed along the river and relying on the city. All above will provide new ideas for the future research on the pattern of famous scenic spots in Shanxi Province,which will be better for reasonably developing the residential scenic spots of Shanxi in the space layout,and scientifically promote the upgrading and transformation of the tourism industry of Shanxi in the future.
引文
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[23]龚胜生,李孜沫,胡娟,等.山西省古村落的空间分布与演化研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(3):416-425.[GONG Shengsheng,LI Zimo,HU Juan,et al. Study on the spatial distribution and evolution of ancient villages in Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Gegraphica Sinica,2017,37(3):416-425.]
[24]王晔.山西静升村古堡建筑历史特性与始建原由的探析研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,32(4):26-29.[WANG Ye. An analysis of the historical characteristics and original reasons for the construction of the ancient castle in Jingsheng Village,Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2014,32(4):26-29.]
[25]沙润.中国传统民居建筑文化的自然地理背景[J].地理科学,1998,18(1):58-64.[SHA Run. The natural geographical background of the architectural culture of Chinese traditional residential houses[J]. Scientia Gegraphica Sinica,1998,18(1):58-64.]
[26]孙军涛,牛俊杰,张侃侃,等.山西省传统村落空间分布格局及影响因素研究[J].人文地理,2017,32(3):102-107.[SUN Juntao,NIU Junjie,ZHANG Kangkan,et al. Study on spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of traditional villages in Shanxi Province[J]. Human Geography,2017,32(3):102-107.]
[2]葛朝辉,丹青.简述中国传统民居[J].科教文汇,2008,15(8):258.[GE Chaohui,DAN Qing. Brief introduction of Chinese traditional dwellings[J]. Science,Education and Literature,2008,15(8):258.]
[3]程海峰,胡文海.池州市A级旅游景区空间结构[J].地理科学,2014,34(10):1275-1280.[CHENG Haifeng,HU Wenhai.Spatial structure of Chizhou A tourism scenic spot[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(10):1275-1280.]
[4]山西省人民政府办公厅. 2017年山西省政府工作报告[EB/OL]. http:∥www. shanxi. gov. cn/szf/zfgzbg/szfgzbg/201701/t20170123_278947. shtml. 2017-01-23.
[5]中华人民共和国国家旅游局.挖掘乡村旅游潜力打赢脱贫攻坚战[EB/OL]. http:∥www. cnta. gov. cn/xxfb/jdxwnew2/201801/t20180125_854705. shtml. 2018-01-25.
[6]周青.晋东聚落与民居形态分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.[ZHOU Qing. Analysis of settlement and dwelling form in East Shanxi[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010.]
[7]王金平,徐强,韩卫成,等.山西民居[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2009:200-235.[WANG Jinping,XU Qiang,HAN Weicheng,et al. Shanxi folk houses[M]. Beijing:China Architectural Industry Press,2009:200-235.]
[8]崔凯.山西地建筑的空间构成及形态分析——以山西阳泉官沟村银圆山庄为例[D].太原:太原理工大学,2007.[CUI Kai.Spatial composition and morphological analysis of Shanxi land architecture:A case study of Yinyuan Villa in Guangou Village,Yangquan,Shanxi Province[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2007.]
[9] STEPHEN L J. Handbook of tourism analysis[M]. London:Longman Group,1989.
[10] MITCHELL L S. Recreational geography:Inventory and prospect[J]. Pros Geography,1985,37(1):6-15.
[11] SCHOTTER A,SOPHER B. Social learning and coordination conventions in inter generational games:An experimental study[J].Working Papers,2001,111(3):498-529.
[12]胡炜霞,刘家明,冯卫红.基于种间竞争理论的旅游景区周边环境开发利用——以山西乔家大院为例[J].经济地理,2014,34(12):201-206.[HU Weixia,LIU Jiaming,FENG Weihong.Development and utilization of the surrounding environment of tourist scenic spots based on inter specific competition theory:A case study of Qiaojia courtyard in Shanxi Province[J]. Economic Geography,2014,34(12):201-206.]
[13]马润花.明清山西民居地理初探[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2001.[MA Runhua. Geography of Shaanxi folk houses in Ming and Qing dynasties[D]. Xi’an:Shaanxi Normal University,2001.]
[14]江五七,石培华,方磊.旅游业与资源型产业之间的和谐发展——兼论山西省煤炭和旅游和谐发展[J].经济地理,2007,27(6):1037-1041.[JIANG Wuqi,SHI Peihua,FANG Lei. Harmonious development between tourism and resource-oriented industry:Also on the harmonious development of coal and tourism in Shanxi Province[J]. Economic Geography,2007,27(6):1037-1041.]
[15]张超,杨秉赓.计量地理学基础[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1991:28-54.[ZHANG Chao,YANG Binggeng. Metrological geoscience foundation[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,1991:28-54.]
[16]佟玉权.基于GIS的中国传统村落空间分异研究[J].人文地理,2014,29(4):44-51.[TONG Yuquan. Research on spatial differentiation of Chinese traditional villages based on GIS[J]. Human Geography,2014,29(4):44-51.]
[17] FISCHER M M,GETIS A. Handbook of applied spatial analysis[M]. Berlin:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2010:27-149.
[18]方叶林,黄震方,王坤,等.不同时空尺度下中国旅游业发展格局演化[J].地理科学,2014,34(9):1025-1032.[FANG Yelin,HUANG Zhenfang,WANG Kun,et al. The evolution of China’s tourism development under different space-time scales[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(9):1025-1032.]
[19]马晓冬,朱传耿,马荣华,等.苏州地区城镇扩展的空间格局及其演化分析[J].地理学报,2008,38(4):405-416.[MA Xiaodong,ZHU Chuangeng,MA Ronghua,et al. Spatial pattern and evolution of urban expansion in Suzhou[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2008,38(4):405-416.]
[20]林娟,张欣炜,汪明峰,等.上海大都市区物联网产业集聚与空间演化[J].人文地理,2017,32(3):131-137.[LIN Juan,ZHANG Xinwei,WANG Mingfeng,et al. Industrial agglomeration and spatial evolution of internet of things in Shanghai metropolitan area[J]. Human Geography,2017,32(3):131-137.]
[21]邓敏.空间聚类分析及应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2011:70-75.[DENG Min. Spatial cluster analysis and its application[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2011:70-75.]
[22]郭朝辉.拦车古村聚落与民居形态分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010.[GUO Chaohui. An analysis of the settlement and residential form of the ancient car traveler village[D]. Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010.]
[23]龚胜生,李孜沫,胡娟,等.山西省古村落的空间分布与演化研究[J].地理科学,2017,37(3):416-425.[GONG Shengsheng,LI Zimo,HU Juan,et al. Study on the spatial distribution and evolution of ancient villages in Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Gegraphica Sinica,2017,37(3):416-425.]
[24]王晔.山西静升村古堡建筑历史特性与始建原由的探析研究[J].湖北民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2014,32(4):26-29.[WANG Ye. An analysis of the historical characteristics and original reasons for the construction of the ancient castle in Jingsheng Village,Shanxi Province[J]. Journal of Hubei University for Nationalities(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2014,32(4):26-29.]
[25]沙润.中国传统民居建筑文化的自然地理背景[J].地理科学,1998,18(1):58-64.[SHA Run. The natural geographical background of the architectural culture of Chinese traditional residential houses[J]. Scientia Gegraphica Sinica,1998,18(1):58-64.]
[26]孙军涛,牛俊杰,张侃侃,等.山西省传统村落空间分布格局及影响因素研究[J].人文地理,2017,32(3):102-107.[SUN Juntao,NIU Junjie,ZHANG Kangkan,et al. Study on spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of traditional villages in Shanxi Province[J]. Human Geography,2017,32(3):102-107.]