削切法:一种街坊空间的城市设计方法
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摘要
空间问题是城乡规划学科的核心问题之一。近年来,在规划实践快速增加和学科外延快速拓展的同时,对空间本体的研究,尤其是对空间设计方法的研究进展相对缓慢。本文基于国际典型城市街坊的空间形态比较研究,从空间的特征属性入手,阐述影响城市街坊空间形态的内在机制,依托自上而下的空间逻辑提出空间削切设计法,兼顾了土地经济性和空间功能美学需求,进而建构城市街坊空间设计的具体步骤:守边、退角、掏中、划场、定高、分裙,将其推进到可操作的层面。在此基础上,通过实践案例详细解析空间削切法在城市设计中的理性特征和应变方式。
Spatial problem has been one of the core issues in the field of urban planning. In recent years, in contrast to the rapid increase of planning practice and fast expansion of the discipline, the progress of research on spatial ontology, especially spatial design method is relatively slow. Based on the comparative study on spatial form of typical urban block, this paper begins with the characteristics of the space, and expounds the inner mechanism that influences the spatial form of urban block. Then it puts forward the space cutting design method based on the spatial logic from top to bottom, taking into account both the land economy and the aesthetic requirements for public space, and constructs the specific steps of urban block space design: keeping border, corner concession, excavating center, dividing site, setting height, and annex design. Finally, it advances to the operational level. On this basis, the rational characteristic and the strain mode of the spatial cutting method applied in urban design are analyzed throughout the practice case.
Spatial problem has been one of the core issues in the field of urban planning. In recent years, in contrast to the rapid increase of planning practice and fast expansion of the discipline, the progress of research on spatial ontology, especially spatial design method is relatively slow. Based on the comparative study on spatial form of typical urban block, this paper begins with the characteristics of the space, and expounds the inner mechanism that influences the spatial form of urban block. Then it puts forward the space cutting design method based on the spatial logic from top to bottom, taking into account both the land economy and the aesthetic requirements for public space, and constructs the specific steps of urban block space design: keeping border, corner concession, excavating center, dividing site, setting height, and annex design. Finally, it advances to the operational level. On this basis, the rational characteristic and the strain mode of the spatial cutting method applied in urban design are analyzed throughout the practice case.
引文
1王建国.现代城市设计理论和方法[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2001:119-121.WANG Jianguo.Modern Urban Design Theory and Method[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,2001:119-121.
2 ISAACS R.The Urban Picturesque:An Aesthetic Experience of Urban Pedestrian Places[J].Journal of Urban Design,2000,5(2):145-180.
3王璐,汪奋强.空间注记分析方法的实证研究[J].城市规划,2002,26(10):65-67.WANG Lu,WANG Fenqiang.An Empirical Study of Spatial Annotation Analysis Method[J].City Planning Review,2002,26(10):65-67.
4方可.“复杂”之道--探求一种新的旧城更新规划设计方法[J].城市规划,1999,23(7):28-33.FANG Ke.Reasoning the Complexity:Seeking for a New Way of Planning and Design for Urban Renewal[J].City Planning Review,1999,23(7):28-33.
5杨俊宴.三心聚集法--一种城市中心区的区位迁移分析技术[J].城市规划,2013,37(12):30-37.YANG Junyan.The Three Core-in-One Theory:An Analysis Technique of Location Migration of Urban Center of Megacities[J].City Planning Review,2013,37(12):30-37.
(1)本文所指的是城市一般性地区街坊,如历史文化保护区等特殊地段,需要有更多的设计考虑,不在本文讨论范围之内。
2 ISAACS R.The Urban Picturesque:An Aesthetic Experience of Urban Pedestrian Places[J].Journal of Urban Design,2000,5(2):145-180.
3王璐,汪奋强.空间注记分析方法的实证研究[J].城市规划,2002,26(10):65-67.WANG Lu,WANG Fenqiang.An Empirical Study of Spatial Annotation Analysis Method[J].City Planning Review,2002,26(10):65-67.
4方可.“复杂”之道--探求一种新的旧城更新规划设计方法[J].城市规划,1999,23(7):28-33.FANG Ke.Reasoning the Complexity:Seeking for a New Way of Planning and Design for Urban Renewal[J].City Planning Review,1999,23(7):28-33.
5杨俊宴.三心聚集法--一种城市中心区的区位迁移分析技术[J].城市规划,2013,37(12):30-37.YANG Junyan.The Three Core-in-One Theory:An Analysis Technique of Location Migration of Urban Center of Megacities[J].City Planning Review,2013,37(12):30-37.
(1)本文所指的是城市一般性地区街坊,如历史文化保护区等特殊地段,需要有更多的设计考虑,不在本文讨论范围之内。