中国城市山水人文空间格局研究
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摘要
中国在数千年的城市规划实践中形成了结合山水、重视人文空间建设的城市山水人文规划传统,积累了丰富的城市设计经验。面向生态文明和文化传承的历史使命,在城市山水人文规划传统的基础上,提出"城市山水人文空间格局"的概念,总结了其内涵和特征。认为城市山水人文空间格局中,山水是自然坐标,人文是精神坐标,二者融合,在城市空间设计中具有关键作用,建立一个上承中华文化义理,下通山川人物,融会并超越生活功能且极富地方个性的城市山水人文空间格局是中国城市设计的重要任务,也是中国城市设计的精粹所在。最后从明确城市本质、展开科学研究、格局设计塑造和培养规划班底等方面提出构建城市山水人文空间格局的路径,为建设富有生态文明和文化传承的城市品质空间提供对策。
The planning tradition of landscapes and culture, which embodies the philosophy of natural landscapes and humanistic elements, derives from thousands of years of urban planning practice in China and serves as a reference for urban design. With the historical mission of advancing ecological civilization and cultural preservation,this essay proposes the concept of "urban structure of landscaping and cultural spaces(USLCS)" and summaries the connotation and characteristics based on the planning tradition The essay argues that landscapes and culture speak to the natural and spiritual dimensions of cities respectively and are critical elements of urban design. It is a key task and a challenge for planning to preserve the nature and culture and go beyond practical concerns to achieve distinctiveness of places. In the end, the paper proposes strategies to build USLCS by defining cities, launching scientific research,and designing and modeling the pattern and training planners. The USLCS concept will help make quality urban spaces based on ecological and heritage conservation.
The planning tradition of landscapes and culture, which embodies the philosophy of natural landscapes and humanistic elements, derives from thousands of years of urban planning practice in China and serves as a reference for urban design. With the historical mission of advancing ecological civilization and cultural preservation,this essay proposes the concept of "urban structure of landscaping and cultural spaces(USLCS)" and summaries the connotation and characteristics based on the planning tradition The essay argues that landscapes and culture speak to the natural and spiritual dimensions of cities respectively and are critical elements of urban design. It is a key task and a challenge for planning to preserve the nature and culture and go beyond practical concerns to achieve distinctiveness of places. In the end, the paper proposes strategies to build USLCS by defining cities, launching scientific research,and designing and modeling the pattern and training planners. The USLCS concept will help make quality urban spaces based on ecological and heritage conservation.
引文
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[61王树声.中国城市人居环境历史图典[M].北京:科学出版社,龙门书局,2015.(WANG Shusheng. The historical maps and classical thoughts of human settlement in Chinese cities[M]. Beijing:Science Press, Longmen Publishing Company, 2015.)
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[8]王树声,等.三形:结合自然山水规划的三个层次[J].城市规划,2017b,41(1):1-2.(WANG Shusheng, et al. Three levels:three levels of planning combine natural landscape[J].City Planning Review, 2017b, 41(1):1-2.)
[9]吴良镛.广义建筑学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989.(WU Liangyong. Generalized architecture[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 1989.)
[10]吴良镛.建筑·城市·人居环境[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003.(WU Liangyong. Architecture·urban·human·habitat[M]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Education Press, 2003.)
(1)见:[明]周文:《枫山冈议》,清同治十二年(1873年)《新淦县志·卷一·地理志·山川》。
(2)见:[明]耿定向:《宏道书院记》,民国二十五年(1936年)《光山县志·卷四·艺文志》。
(3)见:民国《大通县志·第二部·城池》。
(4)见:民国《重修信阳县志·卷七·建设篇终》。
(5)见:[明]王廷干:《尊经阁记》,民国九年(1920年)《全椒县志·卷七·学校志》。
(6)见:吴栻,等修.蔡建贤,等纂.民国十年排印。《南平县志·艺文志·龙鼎斋寓记》
(7)见:[清]赵谦德:《重修金井楼记》,清光绪九年(1883年)《平遥县志·卷十一·艺文》。
[2][英]W.鲍尔.城市的发展过程[M].倪文译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1981.(BOR W. The development of a city[M]. NI Wenyan,translate. Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press, 1981.)
[3]汪德华.中国山水文化与城市规划[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2002.(WANG Dehua.Chinese Shanshui culture and urban planning[M]. Nanjing:Southeast University Press, 2002.)
[4]王树声.黄河晋陕沿岸历史城市人居环境营造研究[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.(WANG Shusheng. Study on human settlements construction of the historic cities in Shanxi and Shaanxi along the Yellow river[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2009.)
[5]王树声.宇文恺:划时代的营造巨匠[J].城市与区城规划研究,2013(1):129-143.(WANG Shusheng. YU Wenkai:an epoch-making oriental architectural master[J]. Journal of Urban and Regional Planning, 2013(1):129-143.)
[61王树声.中国城市人居环境历史图典[M].北京:科学出版社,龙门书局,2015.(WANG Shusheng. The historical maps and classical thoughts of human settlement in Chinese cities[M]. Beijing:Science Press, Longmen Publishing Company, 2015.)
[7]王树声,等.大环:一种对城市周围山水环境的感知模式[J].城市规划,2017a,41(2):1-2.(WANG Shusheng, et al. Big circle:a perceptual pattern to surrounding landscape of city[J]. City Planning Review, 2017a, 41(2):1-2.)
[8]王树声,等.三形:结合自然山水规划的三个层次[J].城市规划,2017b,41(1):1-2.(WANG Shusheng, et al. Three levels:three levels of planning combine natural landscape[J].City Planning Review, 2017b, 41(1):1-2.)
[9]吴良镛.广义建筑学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1989.(WU Liangyong. Generalized architecture[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua University Press, 1989.)
[10]吴良镛.建筑·城市·人居环境[M].石家庄:河北教育出版社,2003.(WU Liangyong. Architecture·urban·human·habitat[M]. Shijiazhuang:Hebei Education Press, 2003.)
(1)见:[明]周文:《枫山冈议》,清同治十二年(1873年)《新淦县志·卷一·地理志·山川》。
(2)见:[明]耿定向:《宏道书院记》,民国二十五年(1936年)《光山县志·卷四·艺文志》。
(3)见:民国《大通县志·第二部·城池》。
(4)见:民国《重修信阳县志·卷七·建设篇终》。
(5)见:[明]王廷干:《尊经阁记》,民国九年(1920年)《全椒县志·卷七·学校志》。
(6)见:吴栻,等修.蔡建贤,等纂.民国十年排印。《南平县志·艺文志·龙鼎斋寓记》
(7)见:[清]赵谦德:《重修金井楼记》,清光绪九年(1883年)《平遥县志·卷十一·艺文》。