扬雄的乡土意识与六朝社会的地域文化观念
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摘要
在传统中国,地域观念、乡土意识和家族观念相辅相成,联动共生。在蜀中地域文化浸润下成长起来的扬雄,其人、其文、其思想、其学术皆有浓厚的蜀中地域文化色彩。其编著之《方言》,体现了浓厚的地域意识;其撰写的《蜀王本纪》及其他以蜀中地域为题材的文学作品,积极推扬蜀中先贤,体现了强烈的乡土观念;其归葬夭子,撰写《自叙》和《家谍》,体现了明显的家族意识。中国人的地域观念、乡土意识和家族观念产生于秦汉,自觉于汉魏之际,成熟于六朝,其显著标志就是地记、郡书和谱牒的大量创作,而扬雄在其中起着重要的推动作用,《蜀都赋》和《蜀王本纪》为六朝地记、郡书所本,而《扬雄家谍》为六朝谱牒著作所本。
In the traditional Chinese culture, the regional concept, the homeland awareness, and the clan notion are interrelated and coexistent. Yang Xiong, who grew up in the central Shu indigenous culture, has strong central Shu indigenous cultural features in his person, writings, thoughts, and academic performance. His edition Dialectshas a strong regional concept; his book Biographies of Shu Kings and other literature works depicting the central Shu region highly praise saints and competent figures of the central Shu and possess a noticeable clan notion. Those who want his/her old bones to be buried in his/her hometown, write Self-report and Familial Pedigree have the obvious family consciousness. Chinese people's regional concept, homeland awareness, and clan notion originate in the Qin and Han Dynasties, evolve in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and mature in the Six Dynasties period, marked by the generation of a great number of regional annals, shire records, and familial notes and pedigrees. In this process, Yang Xiong played an important role. Prose of Shu Capital and Biographies of Shu Kings are regional annals and shire records, and Yang Xiong's Familial Pedigree is a pedigree going through the Six Dynasties period.
In the traditional Chinese culture, the regional concept, the homeland awareness, and the clan notion are interrelated and coexistent. Yang Xiong, who grew up in the central Shu indigenous culture, has strong central Shu indigenous cultural features in his person, writings, thoughts, and academic performance. His edition Dialectshas a strong regional concept; his book Biographies of Shu Kings and other literature works depicting the central Shu region highly praise saints and competent figures of the central Shu and possess a noticeable clan notion. Those who want his/her old bones to be buried in his/her hometown, write Self-report and Familial Pedigree have the obvious family consciousness. Chinese people's regional concept, homeland awareness, and clan notion originate in the Qin and Han Dynasties, evolve in the Han and Wei Dynasties, and mature in the Six Dynasties period, marked by the generation of a great number of regional annals, shire records, and familial notes and pedigrees. In this process, Yang Xiong played an important role. Prose of Shu Capital and Biographies of Shu Kings are regional annals and shire records, and Yang Xiong's Familial Pedigree is a pedigree going through the Six Dynasties period.
引文
[1]王子今.秦汉区域文化研究[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1998.
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[7]徐中舒.论《蜀王本纪》成书年代及其作者[M]//先秦史十讲.北京:中华书局,2009.
[8]唐妤.扬雄与巴蜀文化[D].成都:四川师范大学,2008.
[9]朱谦之.新辑本桓谭新论[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[10]刘韶军.杨雄与《太玄》研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2011.
[11]冈村繁.后汉末期的评论风气[M]//汉魏六朝的思想与文学.陆晓光,译.上海:上海古籍出版社,2009.
[12]章学诚.文史通义[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2008.
(1)王青《扬雄评传》说:扬雄《蜀都赋》“开后世京都大邑赋的先河,到了东汉魏晋时期,出现了班固《二都赋》、张衡《两京赋》和左思《三都赋》这样的巨作。”(南京大学出版社2000年版,第278页。)
[2]王永平.中古士人迁移与文化交流[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2005.
[3]张震泽.扬雄集校注[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1993.
[4]汪荣宝.法言义疏[M].北京:中华书局,1987.
[5]刘琳.华阳国志校注[M].成都:巴蜀书社,1984.
[6]王利器.风俗通义校释[M].北京:中华书局,1981.
[7]徐中舒.论《蜀王本纪》成书年代及其作者[M]//先秦史十讲.北京:中华书局,2009.
[8]唐妤.扬雄与巴蜀文化[D].成都:四川师范大学,2008.
[9]朱谦之.新辑本桓谭新论[M].北京:中华书局,2009.
[10]刘韶军.杨雄与《太玄》研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2011.
[11]冈村繁.后汉末期的评论风气[M]//汉魏六朝的思想与文学.陆晓光,译.上海:上海古籍出版社,2009.
[12]章学诚.文史通义[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2008.
(1)王青《扬雄评传》说:扬雄《蜀都赋》“开后世京都大邑赋的先河,到了东汉魏晋时期,出现了班固《二都赋》、张衡《两京赋》和左思《三都赋》这样的巨作。”(南京大学出版社2000年版,第278页。)