背根神经节中卫星胶质细胞在疼痛疾病中的调节作用
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摘要
背景:研究表明,背根神经节中主要的胶质细胞类型——卫星胶质细胞,可以通过多种途径与背根神经元胞体相互作用和信息交流,参与慢性疼痛的发生与调节。以往研究重点集中在卫星胶质细胞敏化神经元胞体,对于两者间抑制性调节关注较少,且迄今为止两者间交流尚未见有研究进行汇总,并讨论其内在联系。目的:从卫星胶质细胞与神经元的结构形态、离子通道、蛋白受体等方面,以及相邻卫星胶质细胞间相互作用的角度,对近年来两者间可能存在的相互作用、信息交流等机制的研究进行综述。方法:以"pain,satellite glial cell,DRG"和"疼痛,卫星胶质细胞,背根神经节,缝隙连接"为检索词,检索了在PubMed、Web of Science、SinoMed及CNKI数据库收录的2008年1月至2019年2月的相关文献,并追踪所得文献中所引用的相关性较高的参考文献,最终筛选出77篇相关度较高的文献进行分析。结果与结论:在背根神经节中,卫星胶质细胞包绕单个神经元形成的卫星胶质细胞鞘,通过"神经元-卫星胶质细胞"这一功能单位,实现了相邻神经元之间的相互调控。大多数的文献支持了卫星胶质细胞在慢性疼痛疾病发生过程中起着发生、维持的重要作用;但是,也有部分文献发现卫星胶质细胞与神经元之间存在抑制性调节,激活P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体都可以抑制疼痛的发生,在背根神经节中调节P2Y1受体、谷氨酸转运体的活性可以作为治疗疼痛的新靶点。
BACKGROUND: Satellite glial cells which are the main glial cell type in the dorsal root ganglia can interact and communicate with dorsal root neuron cell bodies through various approaches to be involved in the occurrence and regulation of chronic pain. Previous studies have focused on the sensitized neuronal cell bodies of satellite glial cells, and there is less concern about inhibitory regulation between them. So far there has been no research on their exchange as well as no discussion on their internal relationship. OBJECTIVE: To review the possible interaction and communication mechanisms between satellite glial cells and neurons in terms of structural morphology, ion channels, protein receptors and interactions between adjacent satellite glial cells. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, and CNKI were retrieved with the keywords of "pain, satellite glial cell, DRG, gap junction" for relevant articles published from January 2008 to February 2019. We also traced highly relevant references cited in the literature. Finally, 77 eligible studies were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the dorsal root ganglia, satellite glial cells surround single neurons to form satellite glial sheathes. "Neuron-satellite glial cell" functional units are the base for mutual regulation between adjacent neurons. Majority of the studies have considered that satellite glial cells play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain diseases; however, some studies have found the inhibitory regulation between satellite glial cells and neurons, which activates P2Y1 receptor and glutamate transporters to inhibit the occurrence of pain. Therefore, to regulate P2Y1 receptor and glutamate transporter activities in the dorsal root ganglia can be used as a new target for the treatment of pain.
BACKGROUND: Satellite glial cells which are the main glial cell type in the dorsal root ganglia can interact and communicate with dorsal root neuron cell bodies through various approaches to be involved in the occurrence and regulation of chronic pain. Previous studies have focused on the sensitized neuronal cell bodies of satellite glial cells, and there is less concern about inhibitory regulation between them. So far there has been no research on their exchange as well as no discussion on their internal relationship. OBJECTIVE: To review the possible interaction and communication mechanisms between satellite glial cells and neurons in terms of structural morphology, ion channels, protein receptors and interactions between adjacent satellite glial cells. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, SinoMed, and CNKI were retrieved with the keywords of "pain, satellite glial cell, DRG, gap junction" for relevant articles published from January 2008 to February 2019. We also traced highly relevant references cited in the literature. Finally, 77 eligible studies were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the dorsal root ganglia, satellite glial cells surround single neurons to form satellite glial sheathes. "Neuron-satellite glial cell" functional units are the base for mutual regulation between adjacent neurons. Majority of the studies have considered that satellite glial cells play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain diseases; however, some studies have found the inhibitory regulation between satellite glial cells and neurons, which activates P2Y1 receptor and glutamate transporters to inhibit the occurrence of pain. Therefore, to regulate P2Y1 receptor and glutamate transporter activities in the dorsal root ganglia can be used as a new target for the treatment of pain.
引文
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[11]Procacci P,Magnaghi V,Pannese E.Perineuronal satellite cells in mouse spinal ganglia express the gap junction protein connexin43 throughout life with decline in old age.Brain Res Bull.2008;75(5):0-569.
[12]Ohara PT,Vit JP,Bhargava A,et al.Evidence for a Role of Connexin 43 in Trigeminal Pain Using RNA Interference In Vivo.J Neurophysiol.2008;100(6):3064-3073.
[13]Chen J,He L,Dinger B,et al.Chronic hypoxia upregulates connexin43 expression,in rat carotid body and petrosal ganglion.J Appl Physiol.2002;92(4):1480-1486.
[14]Penuela S,Gehi R,Laird DW.The biochemistry and function of pannexin channels.Biochim Biophys Acta.2013;1828(1):15-22.
[15]Zhang Y,Laumet G,Chen S R,et al.Pannexin-1 Upregulation in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Contributes to Neuropathic Pain Development.J Biol Chem.2015;290(23):14647.
[16]Montero TD,Orellana JA.Hemichannels:new pathways for gliotransmitter release.Neuroscience.2015;286:45-59.
[17]Retamal MA,Alcayaga J,Verdugo CA,et al.Opening of pannexin-and connexin-based channels increases the excitability of nodose ganglion sensory neurons.Front Cell Neurosci.2014;8:158.
[18]Kaji K,Shinoda M,Honda K,et al.Connexin 43 contributes to ectopic orofacial pain following inferior alveolar nerve injury.Mol Pain.2016;12:12/0/1744806916633704.
[19]Retamal MA,Riquelme MA,Jimmy S,et al.Connexin43Hemichannels in Satellite Glial Cells,Can They Influence Sensory Neuron Activity?.Front Mol Neurosci.2017;10:374.
[20]Chen G,Park CK,Xie RG,et al.Connexin-43 induces chemokine release from spinal cord astrocytes to maintain late-phase neuropathic pain in mice.Brain.2014;137(Pt 8):2193-2209.
[21]Retamal MA,Reyes EP,Garc?-A IE,et al.Diseases associated with leaky hemichannels.Front Cell Neurosci.2015;9:267.
[22]Ohara PT,Vit JP,Bhargava A,et al.Evidence for a Role of Connexin 43 in Trigeminal Pain Using RNA Interference In Vivo.J Neurophysiol.2008;100(6):3064-3073.
[23]Jasmin L,Vit J P,Bhargava A,et al.Can satellite glial cells be therapeutic targets for pain control?.Neuron Glia Biol.2010;6(1):63-71.
[24]Xu Q,Cheong YK,Yang F,et al.Intrathecal carbenoxolone inhibits neuropathic pain and spinal wide-dynamic range neuronal activity in rats after an L5 spinal nerve injury.Neurosci Lett.2014;563:45-50.
[25]Bele T,Fabbretti E.The scaffold protein calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine protein kinase controls ATP release in sensory ganglia upon P2X3 receptor activation and is part of an ATP keeper complex.J Neurochem.2016;138(4):11.
[26]Huang LYM,Gu Y,Chen Y.Communication between neuronal somata and satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia.Glia.2013;61(10):1571-1581.
[27]Nakatsuka T,Gu JG.P2X purinoceptors and sensory transmission.Pslug Arch Eur J Ph.2006;452(5):598-607.
[28]Chen Y,Li G,Huang LY.P2X7 receptors in satellite glial cells mediate high functional expression of P2X3 receptors in immature dorsal root ganglion neurons.Mol Pain.2012;8:9.
[29]Franke H,Verkhratsky A,Burnstock G,et al.Pathophysiology of astroglial purinergic signalling.Purinerg Signal.2012;8(3):629-657.
[30]Wu B,Ma Y,Yi Z.Resveratrol-decreased hyperalgesia mediated by the P2X7 receptor in gp120-treated rats.Mol Pain.2017;13:1744806917707667.
[31]Liu J,Li G,Peng H,et al.Sensory-sympathetic coupling in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury facilitates sympathoexcitatory action via P2X7receptor.Purinerg Signal.2013;9(3):463-479.
[32]Chessell IP,Hatcher JP,Bountra C,et al.Disruption of the P2X7 purinoceptor gene abolishes chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.Pain.2005;114(3):386-396.
[33]Song J,Ying Y,Wang W,et al.The role of P2X7R/ERKsignaling in dorsal root ganglia satellite glial cells in the development of chronic postsurgical pain induced by skin/muscle incision and retraction(SMIR).Brain Behav Immun.2017.
[34]Xie J,Liu S,Wu B,et al.The protective effect of resveratrol in the transmission of neuropathic pain mediated by the P2X7receptor in the dorsal root ganglia.Neurochem Int.2017;103:24-35.
[35]Molliver DC,Malin SA.Gi-and Gq-coupled ADP(P2Y)receptors act in opposition to modulate nociceptive signaling and inflammatory pain behavior.Mol Pain.2010;6(1):1-12.
[36]Magni G,Ceruti S.P2Y purinergic receptors:New targets for analgesic and antimigraine drugs.Biochem Pharmacol.2013;85(4):466-477.
[37]Yousuf A,Klinger F,Schicker K,et al.Nucleotides control the excitability of sensory neurons via two P2Y receptors and a bifurcated signaling cascade.Pain.2011;152(8):1899-1908.
[38]Chen Y,Zhang X,Wang C,et al.Activation of P2X7 receptors in glial satellite cells reduces pain through downregulation of P2X3 receptors in nociceptive neurons.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2008;105(43):16773-16778.
[39]Gerevich Z,Christoph Müller,Illes P.Metabotropic P2Y1receptors inhibit P2X3 receptor-channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.Eur J Pharmacol.2005;521(1-3):34-38.
[40]Gerevich Z,Borvendeg SJ,Schr?der,Wolfgang,et al.Inhibition of N-type voltage-activated calcium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons by P2Y receptors is a possible mechanism of ADP-induced analgesia.J Neurosci.2004;24(4):797-807.
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