新时代中国青少年体育冬夏令营公共政策与治理路径研究
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摘要
为适应新时代青少年体育发展需求,国家体育总局从2018年起实施以提高青少年体育技能为主要目标的青少年体育冬夏令营。从国外视域研究发现,青少年体育冬夏令营等营地活动在美国、英国等发达国家已有上百年的发展历史,已形成国家行动计划引领、体育社会组织支撑、职业体育组织扶持的治理格局。本研究在分析全国青少年体育冬夏令营实施路径的基础上,从公共政策角度,提出应从政策建立、政策监测、政策评估和政策建议4个方面构建我国青少年体育冬夏令营公共政策体系,为其可持续发展保驾护航。同时,以新时代创新、协调、绿色、开放和共享的5大发展新理念为背景,从公共治理的视角,以创新为治理精神、协调为治理机制、绿色为治理模式、开放为治理举措、共享为治理理念,提出我国青少年体育冬夏令营治理路径。从创新发展的视角,提出以顶层设计构建多元治理主体结构下的职责分工,以激发活力彰显多元行动主体结构下的社会效益,以规范治理保障多元参与主体结构下的公共权益,成为青少年体育冬夏令营创新发展的未来之策。
To meet the needs of youth sports development in the new era, the General Administration of Sport of China has been implementing the project of youth sports winter and summer camp with the main goal of improving youth sports skills since 2018. From the perspective of foreign research, it is found that the youth sports winter and summer camp has been developed for more than a hundred years in developed countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, which has been led by the national action plans, and supported by sport social organizations, and assisted by professional sports organization. This study is based on the analysis of the implementation path of national youth sports winter and summer camp. From the perspective of public policy, we should construct the public policy system of youth sports in China from four aspects: policy establishment, policy monitoring, policy evaluation and policy recommendations,to protect the sustainable development of youth sports winter and summer camps. Under the background of the five new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing in the new era, from the perspective of public governance, with innovation as the governing spirit, coordination as the governing mechanism, green as the governing mode, and openness as the governing measures and sharing as the governing concept, this paper puts forward the governing path of youth sports winter and summer camps in China. From the perspective of innovative development, it constructs the division of responsibilities under the structure of multi-governing main body with top-level design, and stimulates vitality and highlight the social benefits under the structure of multi-action main body, as well as standardizes the management and guarantee of multi-dimensional, which has become the future strategy of innovative development of youth sports camp in winter and summer.
To meet the needs of youth sports development in the new era, the General Administration of Sport of China has been implementing the project of youth sports winter and summer camp with the main goal of improving youth sports skills since 2018. From the perspective of foreign research, it is found that the youth sports winter and summer camp has been developed for more than a hundred years in developed countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, which has been led by the national action plans, and supported by sport social organizations, and assisted by professional sports organization. This study is based on the analysis of the implementation path of national youth sports winter and summer camp. From the perspective of public policy, we should construct the public policy system of youth sports in China from four aspects: policy establishment, policy monitoring, policy evaluation and policy recommendations,to protect the sustainable development of youth sports winter and summer camps. Under the background of the five new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing in the new era, from the perspective of public governance, with innovation as the governing spirit, coordination as the governing mechanism, green as the governing mode, and openness as the governing measures and sharing as the governing concept, this paper puts forward the governing path of youth sports winter and summer camps in China. From the perspective of innovative development, it constructs the division of responsibilities under the structure of multi-governing main body with top-level design, and stimulates vitality and highlight the social benefits under the structure of multi-action main body, as well as standardizes the management and guarantee of multi-dimensional, which has become the future strategy of innovative development of youth sports camp in winter and summer.
引文
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AMANDA W,CAROLYNNE M,2000.Opening doors:Promoting social inclusion through increased sports opportunities[J].Sport Soc,(3):517-529.
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Community programs[EB/OL].[2018-07-30].https://www.nba.com/rockets/community/programs.
DANIEL B,ANDY,S,2010.Sport policy and development:An introduction[M].London and New York:Routledge:62-132.
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GREEN K,2010.Key themes in youth sport[M].London and New York:Routledge.JO H,LORRAINE C,REBECCA D,et al.,2018.Young people’s knowledge and understanding of health,fitness and physical activity:Issues,divides and dilemmas[J].Sport Educ Soc,(5):407-420.
LOCOG,2013.London 2012 Olympic Games:Official report[R].2013-09-25.
丁样华,2018.打造户外营地文化中国登山协会走在探索路上[EB/OL].[2018-08-23].http://cmasports.sport.org.cn/sshd/qt/2018/0823/239794.html.
国家体育总局青少年体育司,2019.2018年全国青少年体育冬夏令营工作报告[R].2019-04-01.
国家体育总局办公厅,2018.体育总局办公厅关于做好2018年全国青少年体育冬夏令营实施工作的通知[Z].2018-04-28.
吉奥夫·霍利斯特,2012.耐克成功之路[M].花勇民,李久全,译.北京:北京体育大学出版社:232-246.
李雪颖,2018.体育总局、国务院扶贫办联合印发体育扶贫工程的实施意见[EB/OL].[2018-07-30].http://www.sport.gov.cn/n10503/c867571/content.html.
柳鸣毅,孙寅,董文侠,2012.民生体育背景下我国奥运项目体育组织的社会责任[J].上海体育学院学报,(1):43-46.
柳鸣毅,张朋龙,李健楠,等,2016.英国青少年校外体育参与模式研究:兼论政府、社会和市场的权界[J].沈阳体育学院学报,(4):78-83.
柳鸣毅,2017.体育强、中国强,少年强、中国强:全面引领青少年体育治理新常态[N].中国体育报,2017-07-17(07).
柳鸣毅,2018.国外青少年体育组织培育与政策监管研究[M].北京:科学出版社:192-198.
柳鸣毅,丁煌,闫亚茹,等,2018a.“体育强、中国强”的学理阐述:习近平总书记体育思想初探[J].武汉体育学院学报,(1):5-11.
柳鸣毅,王梅,孔年欣,等,2018b.发达国家青少年体育组织:逻辑基础·体系构建·治理策略[J].上海体育学院学报,(4):36-43.
柳鸣毅,王梅,徐杰,等,2018c.“健康中国2030”背景下中国青少年体育公共政策分析[J].体育科学,38(2):91-封三.
柳鸣毅,王梅,徐杰,等,2018d.我国青少年体育重点工程建设与创新发展对策[J].体育科学,38(11):17-27.
麻宝斌,2016.公共治理理论与实践[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社:1-37.
任海,2018.身体素养:一个统领当代体育改革与发展的理念[J].体育科学,36(3):2-11.
唐炎,2018.《青少年运动技能等级标准》的研制背景、体系构架与现实意义[J].上海体育学院学报,(3):2-7.
威廉·N·邓恩,2014.公共政策分析导论[M].谢明,伏燕,朱雪宁,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社:1-17.
杨桦,2015.深化体育改革推进体育治理体系和治理能力现代化[J].北京体育大学学报,(1):1-7.
俞可平,2018.中国的治理改革[J].武汉大学学报,(3):48-59.
张勤,2009.中国公民社会组织发展研究[M].北京:人民出版社:33.
赵勇,2018.大力改革和加强青少年体育工作为体育强国建设和健康中国打下坚实基础[J].青少年体育,(4):1-8.
珍妮特·V·登哈特,罗伯特·B·登哈特,2010.新公共服务:服务,而不是掌舵[M].丁煌,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社:64.
中国青年报,2018.青少年才是中国体育产业的“核心力量”[EB/OL].[2018-01-15].http://k.sina.com.cn/article_1726918143_66eeadff0200079a1.html.
PAYNE G,耿培新,梁国立,2008.人类动作发展概论[M].北京:人民教育出版社:362.
AMERICAN CAMP ASSOCIATION,2018.ACA Facts and Trends[EB/OL].[2018-07-28].https://www.acacamps.org/press-room/acafacts-trends.
AMERICAN CAMP ASSOCIATION,2019.2018 impact report[R].2019-01-01.
AMANDA W,CAROLYNNE M,2000.Opening doors:Promoting social inclusion through increased sports opportunities[J].Sport Soc,(3):517-529.
ANNA H,MICHALIS S,2018.School-based sports development and the role of NSOs as‘boundary spanners’:Benefits,disbenefits and unintended consequences of the Sporting Schools policy initiative[J].Sport Educ Soc,(4):367-380.
Community programs[EB/OL].[2018-07-30].https://www.nba.com/rockets/community/programs.
DANIEL B,ANDY,S,2010.Sport policy and development:An introduction[M].London and New York:Routledge:62-132.
ERIKSON E H,1993.Childhood and society[M].New York:Norton&company:45-50.
Grassroots football within clubs[EB/OL].[2018-07-30].https://www.manutd.com/en/club/football-in-the-community/grassroots-football.
GREEN K,2010.Key themes in youth sport[M].London and New York:Routledge.JO H,LORRAINE C,REBECCA D,et al.,2018.Young people’s knowledge and understanding of health,fitness and physical activity:Issues,divides and dilemmas[J].Sport Educ Soc,(5):407-420.
LOCOG,2013.London 2012 Olympic Games:Official report[R].2013-09-25.