毛乌素沙地不同土地利用类型的土壤粒度及有机质特征
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摘要
在毛乌素沙地选择半固定沙丘地、留茬地、翻耕地及草地4种土地利用类型,采集土壤表层(0～5 cm)和亚表层(5～10 cm)实验样品,测试并分析粒度和有机质的含量变化及其二者之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)留茬地、翻耕地和草地的优势粒级为粉粒(0. 002～0. 05 mm)。表层土壤粉粒含量草地(61. 06%)>留茬地(53. 09%)>翻耕地(48. 28%);亚表层为草地(61. 25%)>翻耕地(49. 43%)>留茬地(48. 42%)。半固定沙丘地的优势粒级为细砂(0. 1～0. 25 mm)。其表层含量52. 69%,亚表层含量54. 53%。(2)土壤有机质含量,表层草地(18. 75 g·kg~(-1))>翻耕地(12. 53 g·kg~(-1))>留茬地(11. 25 g·kg~(-1))>半固定沙丘地(8. 13 g·kg~(-1));亚表层草地(13. 36g·kg~(-1))>留茬地(13. 05 g·kg~(-1))>翻耕地(12. 67 g·kg~(-1))>半固定沙丘地(7. 73 g·kg~(-1))。(3)土壤粒度与有机质的相关性表现为留茬地、半固定沙丘地的有机质与粉粒呈显著正相关,翻耕地有机质与中砂、细砂呈正相关,反映了翻耕地土壤有机质不稳定且易受其他因素影响。
In the Mu Us Sandland,the ecological environment is fragile,the soil wind erosion is serious,and the sandland is one of the key areas for desertification control in the sand source area of Beijing-Tianjin zone. In this paper,the soil granularity,organic matter content and their relationship under different land use patterns were studied so as to provide the basic data and the scientific basis for rational land use and desertification control. Through the field investigation in the Mu Us Sandland,the topsoil samples were collected from four land use types,i. e. the semifixed dune land,stubble land,ploughed land and grassland. The grain size and organic matter content of soil were analyzed,and the relationship between soil organic matter content and soil particle size distribution was discussed.The results showed that:(1) Silt( 0. 002-0. 05 mm) was dominant in stubble land,ploughed land and grassland,and its content in topsoil was in an order of grassland( 61. 06%) > stubble land( 53. 09%) > ploughed land( 48. 28%),and that in sub-surface layer was in an order of grassland( 61. 25%) > ploughed land( 49. 43%) >stubble land( 48. 42%). Fine sand( 0. 1-0. 25 mm) was dominant in semi-fixed dune land,its content was52. 69% in topsoil and 54. 53% in sub-surface layer;(2) Soil organic matter content in topsoil was generally in an order of grassland( 18. 75 g·kg~(-1)) > ploughed land( 12. 53 g·kg~(-1)) > stubble land( 11. 25 g·kg~(-1)) > semifixed dune land( 8. 13 g·kg~(-1)),and that in sub-surface layer was in an order of grassland( 13. 36 g·kg~(-1)) >stubble land( 13. 05 g·kg~(-1)) > ploughed land( 12. 67 g·kg~(-1)) > semi-fixed dune land( 7. 73 g·kg~(-1));(3) Correlation analysis of soil granularity and organic matter content showed that there was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content and silt content in stubble land and semi-fixed dune land,and a very significant positive correlation between organic matter content and moderate sand and fine sand in ploughed land,which revealed that the soil organic matter content in ploughed land was unstable and easily affected by other factors.
In the Mu Us Sandland,the ecological environment is fragile,the soil wind erosion is serious,and the sandland is one of the key areas for desertification control in the sand source area of Beijing-Tianjin zone. In this paper,the soil granularity,organic matter content and their relationship under different land use patterns were studied so as to provide the basic data and the scientific basis for rational land use and desertification control. Through the field investigation in the Mu Us Sandland,the topsoil samples were collected from four land use types,i. e. the semifixed dune land,stubble land,ploughed land and grassland. The grain size and organic matter content of soil were analyzed,and the relationship between soil organic matter content and soil particle size distribution was discussed.The results showed that:(1) Silt( 0. 002-0. 05 mm) was dominant in stubble land,ploughed land and grassland,and its content in topsoil was in an order of grassland( 61. 06%) > stubble land( 53. 09%) > ploughed land( 48. 28%),and that in sub-surface layer was in an order of grassland( 61. 25%) > ploughed land( 49. 43%) >stubble land( 48. 42%). Fine sand( 0. 1-0. 25 mm) was dominant in semi-fixed dune land,its content was52. 69% in topsoil and 54. 53% in sub-surface layer;(2) Soil organic matter content in topsoil was generally in an order of grassland( 18. 75 g·kg~(-1)) > ploughed land( 12. 53 g·kg~(-1)) > stubble land( 11. 25 g·kg~(-1)) > semifixed dune land( 8. 13 g·kg~(-1)),and that in sub-surface layer was in an order of grassland( 13. 36 g·kg~(-1)) >stubble land( 13. 05 g·kg~(-1)) > ploughed land( 12. 67 g·kg~(-1)) > semi-fixed dune land( 7. 73 g·kg~(-1));(3) Correlation analysis of soil granularity and organic matter content showed that there was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content and silt content in stubble land and semi-fixed dune land,and a very significant positive correlation between organic matter content and moderate sand and fine sand in ploughed land,which revealed that the soil organic matter content in ploughed land was unstable and easily affected by other factors.
引文
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[2]苏永中,赵哈林,文海燕.退化沙质草地开垦和封育对土壤理化性状的影响[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):5-8.[Su Yongzhong,Zhao Halin,Wen Haiyan.Cultivation and enclosure effects on soil physicochemical properties of degraded sandy grassland[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2002,16(4):5-8.]
[3]吴建国,张小全,王彦辉,等.土地利用变化对土壤物理组分中有机碳分配的影响[J].林业科学,2002,38(4):19-29.[Wu Jianguo,Zhang Xiaoquan,Wang Yanhui,et al.The effects of land use changes on the distribution of soil organic carbon in physical fractionation of soil[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2002,38(4):19-29.]
[4]赵哈林,周瑞莲,苏永中,等.科尔沁沙地沙漠化过程中土壤有机碳和全氮含量变化[J].生态学报,2008,28(3):976-982.[Zhao Halin,Zhou Ruilian,Su Yongzhong,et al.Changes of soil organic cand total in contents as affected by desertification in Horqin Sandland,North China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):976-982.]
[5]杨钦,郭中领,王仁德,等.河北坝上不同土地利用方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):185-190.[Yang Qin,Guo Zhongling,Wang Rende,et al.Influence of different land uses on soil wind erosion in Bashang area,Hebei,China[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(2):185-190.]
[6]赵哈林,周瑞莲,赵学勇,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草地土壤理化特性的沙漠化演变规律及机制[J].草业学报,2012,21(2):1-7.[Zhao Halin,Zhou Ruilian,Zhao Xueyong,et al.Desertification mechanisms and process of soil chemical land physical properties in Hulunbeir sandy grassland,Inner Mongolia[J].Acta Pratacultura Sinica,2012,21(2):1-7.]
[7]李海东,沈渭寿,邹长新,等.雅鲁藏布江山南宽谷风沙化土地土壤养分和粒度特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):4 981-4 992.[Li Haidong,Shen Weishou,Zou Changxin,et al.Soil nutrients content and grain size fraction of aeolian sandy land in the Shannan wide valley of the Yarlung Zangbo River,China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(16):4 981-4 992.]
[8]高君亮,高永,罗凤敏,等.表土粒度特征对风蚀荒漠化的响应[J].科技导报,2014,32(25):20-25.[Gao Junliang,Gao Yong,Luo Fengmin,et al.Response of surface soil grain size characteristics to wind erosion desertification[J].Science&Technology Review,2014,32(25):20-25.]
[9]杨永胜.毛乌素沙地生物结皮对土壤水分和风蚀的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.[Yang Yongsheng.Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on Soil Mmoisture and Wind Erosion in Mu Us Sandland[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University,2012.]
[10]符超峰,赵景波.毛乌素沙地东南缘不同类型沙丘土壤水分分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):377-383.[Fu Chaofeng,Zhao Jingbo.Distribution of soil moisture content in different types of sand dunes in the Southeastern marginal zone of the Mu Us Sandy Land[J].Arid Zone Research,2011,28(3):377-383.]
[11]王志,王蕾,刘连友,等.毛乌素沙地南缘沙丘水分的时空分布特征[J].干旱区研究,2007,24(1):61-65.[Wang Zhi,Wang Lei,Liu Lianyou,et al.Preliminary study on spatiotemporal distribution of moisture contents in sand dunes in the Southern marginal zone of the Mu Us Desert[J].Arid Zone Research,2007,24(1):61-65.]
[12]杨梅焕,曹明明,朱志梅,等.毛乌素沙地沙漠化过程中土壤理化性质分析[J].水土保持通报,2010,30(2):169-172.[Yang Meihuan,Cao Mingming,Zhu Zhimei,et al.Soil physical and chemical properties in the process of desertification on the Southeastern edge of Mu Us Sand Land[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,30(2):169-172.]
[13]雷金银,吴发启,马璠,等.毛乌素沙地土壤风蚀的气候因子分析[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(2):104-105.[Lei Jinyin,Wu Faqi,Ma Fan,et al.The analysis of climate factors effecting wind erosion in Maowusu Sandy Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2007,14(2):104-105.]
[14]黄富祥,牛海山,王明星,等.毛乌素沙地植被覆盖率与风蚀输沙率定量关系[J].地理学报,2001,56(6):700-710.[Huang Fuxiang,Niu Haishan,Wang Mingxing,et al.The relationship between vegetation cover and sand transport flux at Mu Us Sandland[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2001,56(6):700-710.]
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