土体劈裂注浆过程的数值模拟及浆脉形态影响因素分析
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摘要
针对现有数值方法对土体劈裂注浆中裂缝产生和扩展过程模拟困难的现状,采用自主研发的基于有限元与流体体积函数的数值方法对劈裂注浆过程进行了模拟研究,再现了土体劈裂注浆过程中裂缝的产生以及浆脉扩展过程。数值模拟获得的劈裂注浆浆脉扩展过程与已有理论分析及试验所得规律基本一致,表明采用该方法模拟土体劈裂注浆问题是可行的。在此基础上分析了注浆深度和土体模量两个因素对浆脉形态的影响规律。结果表明:数值模拟可以呈现劈裂注浆过程的几个阶段,包含"浆泡"挤密、初始竖向劈裂、斜向二次劈裂等阶段;在二次劈裂发生之前的挤密阶段和竖向浆脉扩展阶段,地层竖向位移增加较小,而二次劈裂之后的斜向浆脉的产生和扩展是地层竖向位移增加的主要阶段;随着注浆深度的增加浆脉的分支越来越少而且方向性更加明显,浆脉宽度也越来越小;随着土体模量的增大,注浆孔周边"浆泡"体积减小,浆脉的宽度逐渐变窄。工程实例的模拟表明,该数值模型能很好的反映工程现象,对工程实践具有一定的指导意义。
Considering the difficulty of simulating the initiation and development of cracks during the process of fracture grouting by the conventional numerical methods, a new numerical method is used to simulate and visualize the whole process which contains initiation of cracks, slurry intrusion and propagation of grout. The whole process of fracture grouting simulated by this method fits well with the existing theoretical analyses and test results, so that it is a feasible method to simulate the fracture grouting in soils. Based on this method, the morphology of the grout veins is analyzed under different grout depths and soil moduli. The research results show that with the increase of grouting depth, the grout veins have less branches and are more directional. With the increase of soil modulus, the volume of "grout bulk" around the grouting hole decreases, and the width of the grout vein becomes narrower. The simulation of engineering examples shows that the numerical model can well reflect the engineering phenomena, and it has some guiding significance to engineering practice.
Considering the difficulty of simulating the initiation and development of cracks during the process of fracture grouting by the conventional numerical methods, a new numerical method is used to simulate and visualize the whole process which contains initiation of cracks, slurry intrusion and propagation of grout. The whole process of fracture grouting simulated by this method fits well with the existing theoretical analyses and test results, so that it is a feasible method to simulate the fracture grouting in soils. Based on this method, the morphology of the grout veins is analyzed under different grout depths and soil moduli. The research results show that with the increase of grouting depth, the grout veins have less branches and are more directional. With the increase of soil modulus, the volume of "grout bulk" around the grouting hole decreases, and the width of the grout vein becomes narrower. The simulation of engineering examples shows that the numerical model can well reflect the engineering phenomena, and it has some guiding significance to engineering practice.
引文
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[9]李鹏,张庆松,张霄,等.基于模型试验的劈裂注浆机制分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(11):3221-3230.(LI Peng,ZHANG Qing-song,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Analysis of fracture grouting mechanism based on model test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(11):3221-3230.(in Chinese))
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[12]张忠苗,邹健,贺静漪,等.黏土中压密注浆及劈裂注浆室内模拟试验分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(12):1818-1824.(ZHANG Zhong-miao,ZOU Jian,HE Jing-yi,et al.Laboratory tests on compaction grouting and fracturegrouting of clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(12):1818-1824.(in Chinese))
[13]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机制、解析解及数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1512-1516.(TANGZhi-wei,ZHAO Cheng-gang.Mechanisms of ground heave by grouting and analytical solutions&numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1512-1516.(in Chinese))
[14]SCHWEIGER H F,KUMMERER C,OTTERBEIN R,et al.Numerical modeling of settlement compensation by means of fracture grouting[J].Soils and Foundations,2004,44(1):71-86.
[15]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林,等.土体劈裂注浆过程的细观模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(3):474-480.(SUNFeng,ZHANG Ding-li,CHEN Tie-lin,et al.Mesomechanical simulation of fracture grouting in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(3):474-480.(in Chinese))
[16]郑刚,张晓双.劈裂注浆过程的二维颗粒流的模拟研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),2015,54(6):905-912.(ZHENGGang,ZHANG Xiao-shuang.Meso-mechanical simulation of fracture grouting using particle flow code in two dimentions[J].Journal if Xiamen University(Natural Science),2015,54(6):905-912.(in Chinese))
[17]CHEN T L,ZHANG L Y,ZHANG D L.An FEM/VOFhybrid formulation for fracture grouting modelling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,58(58):14-27.
[18]HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19]HUANG H,ZHANG F,CALLAHAN P,et al.Granular fingering in fluid injection into dense granular media in a Hele-Shaw Cell[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(25):258001.
[20]邝键政,咎月稳,王杰,等.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(KUANG Jian-zheng,JIU Yue-wen,WANG Jie,et al.Research Group of Grouting Theories and Case Histories.The grouting theories and case histories[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[21]TE GROTENHUIS R.Fracture grouting in theory:modelling of fracture grouting in sand[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2004.
[2]王哲,龚晓南,程永辉,等.劈裂注浆法在运营铁路软土地基处理中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1619-1623.(WANG Zhe,GONG Xiao-nan,CHENGYong-hui,et al.Application of fracturing grouting method to treat soft foundation of operating railway[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1619-1623.(in Chinese))
[3]周书明,陈建军.软流塑淤泥质地层地铁区间隧道劈裂注浆加固[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):222-224.(ZHOUShu-ming,CHEN Jian-jun.Hydro-fracture grouting in soft flowing mucky ground for a metro tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):222-224.(in Chinese))
[4]孙锋,陈铁林,张顶立,等.基于宾汉体浆液的海底隧道劈裂注浆机理研究[J].北京交通大学学报,2009,33(4):1-6.(SUN Feng,CHEN Tie-lin,ZHANG Ding-li,et al.Study of fracture grouting mechanism in subsea tunnel based on Bingham fluids[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2009,33(4):1-6.(in Chinese))
[5]张忠苗,邹健.桩底劈裂注浆扩散半径和注浆压力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(2):181-184.(ZHANGZhong-miao,ZOU Jian.Penetration radius and grouting pressure in fracture grouting[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(2):181-184.(in Chinese))
[6]邹金锋,李亮,杨小礼,等.土体劈裂灌浆力学机理分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(4):625-628.(ZOU Jin-feng,LILiang,YANG Xiao-li,et al.Mechanism analysis of fracture grouting in soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(4):625-628.(in Chinese))
[7]邹金锋,罗恒,李亮,等.考虑中主应力时土体劈裂灌浆力学机制的大变形分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2515-2520.(ZOU Jin-feng,LUO Heng,LI Liang,et al.Mechanism analysis of fracture grouting in soil with large strain considering intermediate principal stress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2515-2520.(in Chinese))
[8]BEZUIJEN A,TE GROTENHUIS R,VAN TOL A F,et al.Analytical model for fracture grouting in sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geo-environmental Engineering,2011,137(6):611-620.
[9]李鹏,张庆松,张霄,等.基于模型试验的劈裂注浆机制分析[J].岩土力学,2014,35(11):3221-3230.(LI Peng,ZHANG Qing-song,ZHANG Xiao,et al.Analysis of fracture grouting mechanism based on model test[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(11):3221-3230.(in Chinese))
[10]刘振兴.基于平面模型下致密土体劈裂灌浆机理的试验研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011.(LIU Zhen-xing.Fracture grouting mechanism and experiment study in compact soil based on plane-strain model[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,2011.(in Chinese))
[11]王起才,张戎令.劈裂注浆浆液走势与不同压力下土体位移试验研究[J].铁道学报,2011,33(12):107-111.(WANGQi-cai,ZHANG Rong-ling.Experimental research on the trend of slurry about fracturing grouting and soil displacement in different pressure[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2011,33(12):107-111.(in Chinese))
[12]张忠苗,邹健,贺静漪,等.黏土中压密注浆及劈裂注浆室内模拟试验分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(12):1818-1824.(ZHANG Zhong-miao,ZOU Jian,HE Jing-yi,et al.Laboratory tests on compaction grouting and fracturegrouting of clay[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(12):1818-1824.(in Chinese))
[13]唐智伟,赵成刚.注浆抬升地层的机制、解析解及数值模拟分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1512-1516.(TANGZhi-wei,ZHAO Cheng-gang.Mechanisms of ground heave by grouting and analytical solutions&numerical modeling[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1512-1516.(in Chinese))
[14]SCHWEIGER H F,KUMMERER C,OTTERBEIN R,et al.Numerical modeling of settlement compensation by means of fracture grouting[J].Soils and Foundations,2004,44(1):71-86.
[15]孙锋,张顶立,陈铁林,等.土体劈裂注浆过程的细观模拟研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(3):474-480.(SUNFeng,ZHANG Ding-li,CHEN Tie-lin,et al.Mesomechanical simulation of fracture grouting in soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(3):474-480.(in Chinese))
[16]郑刚,张晓双.劈裂注浆过程的二维颗粒流的模拟研究[J].厦门大学学报(自然版),2015,54(6):905-912.(ZHENGGang,ZHANG Xiao-shuang.Meso-mechanical simulation of fracture grouting using particle flow code in two dimentions[J].Journal if Xiamen University(Natural Science),2015,54(6):905-912.(in Chinese))
[17]CHEN T L,ZHANG L Y,ZHANG D L.An FEM/VOFhybrid formulation for fracture grouting modelling[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2014,58(58):14-27.
[18]HIRT C W,NICHOLS B D.Volume of fluid(VOF)method for the dynamics of free boundaries[J].Journal of Computational Physics,1981,39(1):201-225.
[19]HUANG H,ZHANG F,CALLAHAN P,et al.Granular fingering in fluid injection into dense granular media in a Hele-Shaw Cell[J].Physical Review Letters,2012,108(25):258001.
[20]邝键政,咎月稳,王杰,等.岩土注浆理论与工程实例[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(KUANG Jian-zheng,JIU Yue-wen,WANG Jie,et al.Research Group of Grouting Theories and Case Histories.The grouting theories and case histories[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[21]TE GROTENHUIS R.Fracture grouting in theory:modelling of fracture grouting in sand[D].Delft:Delft University of Technology,2004.