基于网络分析法的南宁西乡塘区公园可达性
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摘要
公园可达性是反映公园布局合理性、居民到达公园便捷性和公园服务社会公平性的重要指标。选择步行、非机动车和机动车3种交通方式,运用ArcGIS网络分析法对南宁市西乡塘区现有6个城市公园进行可达性分析。结果表明:1)区域道路网络不完善,存在断头路、空白区和交通瓶颈;2)不同时间等级下3种交通方式公园可达性比值机动车>非机动车>步行;3)步行方式下时间与可达面积比符合一元线性回归模型y=1.172x-3.153,非机动车和机动车方式下为对数回归模型,分别为y=30.881ln(x)-40.144、y=24.548ln(x)-8.485;4)公园整体可达性较差,有近20%地区包括西南部和北部边缘区3种交通方式55min均不可达,且步行55min仅覆盖了58.67%的地区;5)公园地理分布及数量、公园出入口分布、路网完善程度和交通方式影响公园可达性,其中路网不完善是造成公园服务盲区的主要因素。进一步提出均衡公园布局和出入口分布、完善路网结构和优化交通线路等建议。
Park accessibility is an important indicator to reflect the rationality of park layout, the convenience of residents arriving park and fairness of park service. Based on ArcGIS network analysis, three modes of transportation of walking, non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles are selected to carry out the accessibility analysis of six urban parks in Xixiangtang District of Nanning city. The results show that: 1) The regional road network is not perfect, and there are broken end roads, blank areas and traffic bottlenecks; 2) The size of the park accessible area ratio under three traffic modes in different time levels is: motor vehicle>non-motor vehicle>walking; 3) In the walking mode, the correlation of time and accessible area ratio accords to the linear regression model y=1.172x-3.153, while the non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles mode accord to the logarithmic regression model, respectively are y =30.881ln(x)-40.144, y =24.548ln(x)-8.485; 4) The overall accessibility of parks is low, with nearly 20% of the region, including the southwest and the northern fringe, which take more than 55 minutes to get there through three modes of transportation, only 58.67 percent of the region can be reached through walking within 55 minutes; 5) The geographical distribution and quantity of parks, the outlet distribution of parks, the degree of perfection of the road network and the mode of transportation affect the park accessibility, among which the incomplete road network is the main factor that causes the blind area of park service. The following suggestions of balancing park layout and outlet distribution, improving the structure of the road network and optimizing the traffic routes are presented.
Park accessibility is an important indicator to reflect the rationality of park layout, the convenience of residents arriving park and fairness of park service. Based on ArcGIS network analysis, three modes of transportation of walking, non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles are selected to carry out the accessibility analysis of six urban parks in Xixiangtang District of Nanning city. The results show that: 1) The regional road network is not perfect, and there are broken end roads, blank areas and traffic bottlenecks; 2) The size of the park accessible area ratio under three traffic modes in different time levels is: motor vehicle>non-motor vehicle>walking; 3) In the walking mode, the correlation of time and accessible area ratio accords to the linear regression model y=1.172x-3.153, while the non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles mode accord to the logarithmic regression model, respectively are y =30.881ln(x)-40.144, y =24.548ln(x)-8.485; 4) The overall accessibility of parks is low, with nearly 20% of the region, including the southwest and the northern fringe, which take more than 55 minutes to get there through three modes of transportation, only 58.67 percent of the region can be reached through walking within 55 minutes; 5) The geographical distribution and quantity of parks, the outlet distribution of parks, the degree of perfection of the road network and the mode of transportation affect the park accessibility, among which the incomplete road network is the main factor that causes the blind area of park service. The following suggestions of balancing park layout and outlet distribution, improving the structure of the road network and optimizing the traffic routes are presented.
引文
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[18]Talen E.Neighborhoods as Service Providers:AMethodology for Evaluating Pedestrian Access[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2003,30(2):181-200.
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[20]Mallick R K,Routray J K.Identification and accessibility analysis of rural service centers in Kendrapara District,Orissa,India:a GIS-based application[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation,2001,3(1):99-105.
[21]施拓.基于缓冲区分析法和网络分析法的城市公园可达性对比研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[22]Kong F,Yin H,Nakagoshi N.Using GIS and landscape metrics in the hedonic price modeling of the amenity value of urban green space:A case study in Jinan city,China[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,79(3):240-252.
[23]马林兵,曹小曙.基于GIS的城市公共绿地景观可达性评价方法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2006,45(6):111-115.
[24]刘贤腾.空间可达性研究综述[J].城市交通,2007,5(6):36-43.
[25]严军,姚家元,王雪童.基于GIS的大丰市城市公园绿地可达性研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(6):78-84.
[26]卢宁,李俊英,闫红伟,等.城市公园绿地可达性分析:以沈阳市铁西区为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2951-2958.
[27]张广亮.基于GIS网络分析的城市公园绿地可达性研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[28]杨赉丽.城市园林绿地规划[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:200-201.
[2]陈书谦,戴冬晖,卜晓丹.基于网络分析法的公园绿地可达性研究[C]//城乡治理与规划改革:2014中国城市规划年会论文集.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014.
[3]李博,宋云,俞孔坚.城市公园绿地规划中的可达性指标评价方法[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2008,44(4):618-624.
[4]陈永生.城市公园绿地空间适宜性评价指标体系建构及应用[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(7):105-108.
[5]Hansen W G.How accessibility shapes land use[J].Journal of the American Institute of Planners,1959,25(2):73-76.
[6]Liu S,Zhu X.An integrated GIS approach to accessibility analysis[J].Transactions in Gis,2004,8(1):45-62.
[7]Kwan M P,Murray A T,O'Kelly M E,et al.Recent advances in accessibility research:Representation,methodology and applications[J].Journal of Geographical Systems,2003,5(1):129-138.
[8]Javed M A,Ahmad S R,Ahmad A,et al.Assessment of Neighborhood Parks using GISTechniques in Sheikhupura City[J].Pakistan Journal of Science,2013,65(2):296-302.
[9]Serban N.A space-time varying coefficient model:the equity of service accessibility[J].Annals of Applied Statistics,2011,5(3):2024-2051.
[10]Baran P K,Smith W R,Moore R C,et al.Park use among youth and adults:examination of individual,social,and urban form factors[J].Environment and Behavior,2014,46(6):768-800.
[11]黎婕,冯长春.北京城市公共服务设施空间分布均衡性研究[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(3):71-77.
[12]叶昌东,赵晓铭,张媛媛.基于人口指标与路网指标的绿地可达性比较研究:以广州中心城区为例[J].中国园林,2016(7):115-120.
[13]李小马,刘常富.基于网络分析的沈阳城市公园可达性和服务[J].生态学报,2009,29(3):1554-1562.
[14]马琳,陆玉麒.基于路网结构的城市绿地景观可达性研究:以南京市主城区公园绿地为例[J].中国园林,2011,27(7):92-96.
[15]凌自苇,曾辉.不同级别居住区的公园可达性:以深圳市宝安区为例[J].中国园林,2014,30(8):59-62.
[16]Kyushik G,Seunghyun J.Assessing the spatial distribution of urban parks using GIS[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,82(1/2):25-32.
[17]秦华,高骆秋.基于GIS-网络分析的山地城市公园空间可达性研究[J].中国园林,2012,28(5):47-50.
[18]Talen E.Neighborhoods as Service Providers:AMethodology for Evaluating Pedestrian Access[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2003,30(2):181-200.
[19]胡明星.基于GIS的可达性和空间自相关分析在江阴绿地系统规划中的应用[J].中国园林,2010,26(9):20-24.
[20]Mallick R K,Routray J K.Identification and accessibility analysis of rural service centers in Kendrapara District,Orissa,India:a GIS-based application[J].International Journal of Applied Earth Observations and Geoinformation,2001,3(1):99-105.
[21]施拓.基于缓冲区分析法和网络分析法的城市公园可达性对比研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2016.
[22]Kong F,Yin H,Nakagoshi N.Using GIS and landscape metrics in the hedonic price modeling of the amenity value of urban green space:A case study in Jinan city,China[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,79(3):240-252.
[23]马林兵,曹小曙.基于GIS的城市公共绿地景观可达性评价方法[J].中山大学学报:自然科学版,2006,45(6):111-115.
[24]刘贤腾.空间可达性研究综述[J].城市交通,2007,5(6):36-43.
[25]严军,姚家元,王雪童.基于GIS的大丰市城市公园绿地可达性研究[J].西南林业大学学报,2015,35(6):78-84.
[26]卢宁,李俊英,闫红伟,等.城市公园绿地可达性分析:以沈阳市铁西区为例[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(10):2951-2958.
[27]张广亮.基于GIS网络分析的城市公园绿地可达性研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[28]杨赉丽.城市园林绿地规划[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006:200-201.