基于液压马达集中驱动的玉米免耕播种机设计与试验
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摘要
针对不同品种玉米对粒距的农艺要求,为克服现有播种机有级调节粒距连续性及地轮驱动粒距均匀性差的问题,研制基于液压马达集中驱动的排种、排肥新型驱动方式,实现粒距无级调节。研究基于导航测速的液压马达转速自适应系统及基于速度反馈的液压马达转速自动补偿系统,实现了液压马达转速与机具前进速度的精确匹配,保证了粒距均匀一致。在此基础上,设计了适宜黄淮海两熟区的玉米免耕播种机,并进行试验。结果表明:在秸秆覆盖量>40%的条件下,机器通过性好,粒距均匀性合格率≥95%,播种深度、施肥深度及种肥间距合格率分别为88.82%、90.32%、90.17%,邻接行距误差为2.8cm/100m,符合设计要求。
Seed spacing is different for different corn varieties and uniform seed spacing could improve the yield. However,the seeding apparatus were almost driven by a gearbox through a land wheel which resulted in the seed spacing was discrete and not uniform. In order to overcome this problem,a seeder driven by hydraulic motor was designed. To ensure the same seed spacing of different rows,the seeding apparatus and fertilizing apparatus were centralized driven by a centralized hydraulic motor. In addition,a speed self-adaption system base on Beidou navigation system and a speed self-compensation system based on feedback algorithm,which could keep the speed of hydraulic motor match the speed of tractor and keep the seed spacing didn't change as the tractor go forward in different speed,were developed. And then a no-tillage seeder that suitable corn-wheat double cropping area was designed and tested in the field. The results show that in the conditions of the straw cover content was 40%,the passing ability of the seeder is good,the seed spacing percent of pass is no less than 95%,sowing and fertilization depth percent of pass and distance between seed and fertilizer percent of pass were 88. 82%,90. 32% and 90. 17%,error of adjacent row spacing between two planting trip is 2.8cm/100 m,satisfied the design requirements.
Seed spacing is different for different corn varieties and uniform seed spacing could improve the yield. However,the seeding apparatus were almost driven by a gearbox through a land wheel which resulted in the seed spacing was discrete and not uniform. In order to overcome this problem,a seeder driven by hydraulic motor was designed. To ensure the same seed spacing of different rows,the seeding apparatus and fertilizing apparatus were centralized driven by a centralized hydraulic motor. In addition,a speed self-adaption system base on Beidou navigation system and a speed self-compensation system based on feedback algorithm,which could keep the speed of hydraulic motor match the speed of tractor and keep the seed spacing didn't change as the tractor go forward in different speed,were developed. And then a no-tillage seeder that suitable corn-wheat double cropping area was designed and tested in the field. The results show that in the conditions of the straw cover content was 40%,the passing ability of the seeder is good,the seed spacing percent of pass is no less than 95%,sowing and fertilization depth percent of pass and distance between seed and fertilizer percent of pass were 88. 82%,90. 32% and 90. 17%,error of adjacent row spacing between two planting trip is 2.8cm/100 m,satisfied the design requirements.
引文
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[2]GRIEPENTROG H W.Seed distribution over the area[C]//Ag Eng Oslo 98.International Conference on Agricultural Engineering,1998:66-67.
[3]王次年.免耕播种机防滑地轮的设计与研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2011.
[4]王次年,夏连明,张绪凤.免耕播种防滑地轮的设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2012,34(1):139-141,145.
[5]STAGGENBORG S A.Effect of planter speed and seed firmers on corn stand establishment[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,2004,20(5):573-580.
[6]王熙,王新忠.三种不同变量施肥执行机构的比较研究[J].农机化研究,2006(1):122-124.
[7]蒋春燕.玉米精密播种机智能控制系统的研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2015.
[8]Zhang G Z,Zang Y,Luo X W,et al.Design and indoor simulated experiment of pneumatic rice seed metering device.[J].International Journal of Agricultural&Biological Engineering,2015,8(4):10-18.
[9]唐尧华.基于拖拉机前轮转速的排种驱动系统的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.
[10]赵艳忠,张晨光,王运兴,等.免耕播种机地轮摩擦力与滑移率试验研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2016,47(10):58-66.
[11]张野,张瑞宏,金亦富,等.基于北斗导航的自动驾驶系统在农用拖拉机上的应用[J].农业装备技术,2016,42(3):8-10.
[12]林武坤.番禺区农机部门对拖拉机辅助驾驶装置进行试验[J].现代农业装备,2015(2):74.
[13]宋一平,孟轩.摆线液压马达的选用[J].工程机械与维修,2010(1):162-163.
[14]何献忠.可编程控制器应用技术:西门子S7-200系列[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013.
[15]杜来林,杨超.调速阀流量稳定性分析[J].机电产品开发与创新,2011,24(3):138-140.
[16]杨自栋,杜瑞成,马明建,等.2 BMFY-4型玉米免耕播种机研制与试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(1):155-160.
[17]杨自栋,杜瑞成,蔡善儒,等.2BMFY-4型智能玉米免耕播种机研制与示范[C]//中国农业工程学会2011年学术年会论文集,2011.