基于数值仿真实验研究接闪杆的高度对雷击点的影响
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摘要
基于闪电数值仿真试验,通过改变接闪杆的高度,分析各雷击点位置出现次数,探讨接闪杆的高度对雷击点的影响,以及建筑物有无安装接闪杆情况下建筑物尖端对大气电场畸变效应的差异。结果发现:接闪杆的高度越高,则闪电击中建筑物拐角的概率越低;但是当接闪杆达到一定高度后,接闪杆高度继续增加,反而会导致雷击点位置落在地面的概率减小。接闪杆的安装降低了建筑物拐角处初始电场畸变值,削弱了建筑物拐角处的引雷作用,所以雷击点位置落在地面的次数增加了。
Based on the lightning numerical simulation test, by changing the height of the lightning rod, the number of occurrences of the lightning point position is analyzed, and the influence of the height of the lightning rod on the lightning point, and difference of distortion effect of building tip to atmospheric electric field with or without lightning rods in buildings are discussed. The results show that the higher the height of the lightning rod is, the lower the probability of the lightning strikes the corner of the building. But when the lightning rod reaches a certain height, the increase of the height of the lightning rod will cause the probability that the lightning point to fall on the ground reduce. The installation of the lightning rod reduces the initial electric field distortion at the corner of the building, weakening the firing at the corner of the building, so the number of lightning places on the ground has increased.
Based on the lightning numerical simulation test, by changing the height of the lightning rod, the number of occurrences of the lightning point position is analyzed, and the influence of the height of the lightning rod on the lightning point, and difference of distortion effect of building tip to atmospheric electric field with or without lightning rods in buildings are discussed. The results show that the higher the height of the lightning rod is, the lower the probability of the lightning strikes the corner of the building. But when the lightning rod reaches a certain height, the increase of the height of the lightning rod will cause the probability that the lightning point to fall on the ground reduce. The installation of the lightning rod reduces the initial electric field distortion at the corner of the building, weakening the firing at the corner of the building, so the number of lightning places on the ground has increased.
引文
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[2]任晓毓,张义军,吕伟涛,等.雷击建筑物的先导连接过程模拟[J].应用气象学报,2010,21(4):450-457.REN Xiaoyu,ZHANG Yijun,LV Weitao,et al.Simulation of lightning leaders and connection process with structures[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2010,21(4):450-457.
[3]谭涌波,张冬冬,周博文,等.地闪近地面形态特征的数值模拟[J].应用气象学报,2015(2):211-220.TAN Chongbo,ZHANG Dongdong,ZHOU Bowen,et al.A numerical study on cjaracteristics of cloud-to-ground ligjtning near surface configuration[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2015(2):211-220.
[4]韦念胜.考虑感应电荷作用的接闪杆引雷特性研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2014.
[5]廖义慧,吕伟涛,齐奇,等.基于闪电先导随机模式对不同连接形态的模拟[J].应用气象学报,2016,27(3):361-369.LIAO Yihui,LV Weitao,QI Ji,et al.Simulation of various connecting patterns during the lightning connection process based on the stochastic lightning leader model[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2016,27(3):361-369.
[6]江志东,李云,霍立平,等.建筑物尺度对避雷针防雷性能影响的数值评估[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2016,17(3):278-283.JIANG Zhidong,LI Yun,HUO Liping,et al.Numerical evaluation of effects of building scale on lightning rod protection performance[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2016,17(3):278-283.
[7]李丹,张义军,吕伟涛,等.闪电先导三维自持发展模式的建立[J].应用气象学报,2015(2):203-210.LI Dan,ZHANG Yijun,LV Weitao,et al.A 3D self-consistent propagation model of tje ligjtning leader[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2015(2):203-210.
[8]吴坚铃,刘丁齐,王银.建筑物对大气电场畸变效应的数值模拟[J].广东气象,2014,36(4):61-64,68.WU Jianling,LIU Dingji,WANG Yin.Numerical simulation of distortion effect of buildings on atmospheric electric field[J].Guangdong Meteorology,2014,36(4):61-64,68.
[9]汪飞燕,宋峣,赵洋,等.模拟线路地形下雷击放电路径差异性定性分析[J].电瓷避雷器,2016(5):67-73.WANG Feiyan,SONG Yao,ZHAO Yang,et al.Qualitative analysis on the difference of lightning discharge path in simulated line terrain[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2016(5):67-73.
[10]赵斌财,周浩,钟一俊,等.输电线路雷电绕击研究方法浅议[J].电瓷避雷器,2008(1):29-34,39.ZHAO Bincai,ZHOU Hao,ZHONG Yijun,et al.Approaching to rotated lightning strike on transmission line[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2008(1):29-34,39.
[11]宋晨曦,行鸿彦,张欣,等.基于地面电场的雷暴云电荷结构混合反演[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(6):73-79.SONG Chenxi,XING Hongyan,ZHANG Xin,et al.Hybrid inversion of thunderstorm cloud charge structure based on ground electric field[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(6):73-79.
[12]冯民学,韦海容,焦圣明,等.南京市闪电定位资料的对比分析[J].南京气象学院学报,2008,31(2):151-157.FENG Minxue,WEI Hairong,JIAO Shengming,et al.A comparative analysis of the lightning strike positioning data in nanjing[J].Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,2008,31(2):151-157.
[13]蔡晓云,宛霞,郭虎.北京地区闪电定位资料的应用分析[J].气象科技,2001,29(4):33-35,38.CAI Xiaoyun,WAN Xia,GUO Hu.Application and analysis of lightning location data in Beijing area[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,2001,29(4):33-35,38.
[14]陈绿文,张义军,吕伟涛,等.闪电定位资料与人工引雷观测结果的对比分析[J].高电压技术,2009,35(8):1896-1902.CHEN Luwen,ZHANG Yijun,LV Weitao,et al.Comparative analysis between LLS and observation of artificial-triggered lightning[J].High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(8):1896-1902.
[15]李家启,申双和.采用闪电定位系统的丘陵山区雷电特征分析[J].高电压技术,2011,37(9):2218-2224.LI Jiaqi,SHEN Shuanghe.Characteristics analysis on lightning in hilly and mountainous areas using lightning location system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2011,37(9):2218-2224.