地面三维大气电场与雷暴云电荷方位的关系
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摘要
为了能在地面探测空中雷暴云电荷的空间方位,提出了一种利用地面三维大气电场和相对介电常数的测量来确定雷暴云电荷方位的方法。文中分析了空中电荷在地表产生的电场大小和方向关系,建立了雷暴云和大地的静电场分布模型,给出了通过三维大气电场值和地表介电常数值反演空中雷暴云电荷方位的公式。通过自主研发的电场探测系统,发现在干燥土壤,岩石等相对介电常数较小的地表存在较大的水平电场分量,验证了在地面探测雷暴云电荷方位的方法具有可行性。
In order to detect the space position of thundercloud charge in the sky, a kind of method is put forward that through the measurement of 3D atmospheric electric field and the relative dielectric constant of ground to determine the thundercloud charge position. The relation between the charge in the sky and electric vector on the ground is analyzed, then the electrostatic field distribution model of thundercloud and the earth surface is established, afterwards a formula is given which through three-dimensional atmospheric electric field and the surface dielectric constant to work out thundercloud charge location. The experiment, using independent developed instrument, shows that in dry soil and rock surface and other surface of small relative dielectric constant material it have larger horizontal electric field component, also verifies that this method has feasibility in detecting thundercloud charge position.
In order to detect the space position of thundercloud charge in the sky, a kind of method is put forward that through the measurement of 3D atmospheric electric field and the relative dielectric constant of ground to determine the thundercloud charge position. The relation between the charge in the sky and electric vector on the ground is analyzed, then the electrostatic field distribution model of thundercloud and the earth surface is established, afterwards a formula is given which through three-dimensional atmospheric electric field and the surface dielectric constant to work out thundercloud charge location. The experiment, using independent developed instrument, shows that in dry soil and rock surface and other surface of small relative dielectric constant material it have larger horizontal electric field component, also verifies that this method has feasibility in detecting thundercloud charge position.
引文
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[16]中国气象局.全国地闪实时监测[EB/OL].[2013.9.24].http://www.weather.com.cn/static/html/product/index.shtml China Meteorological Administration.China real time cloud-to-ground lightning monitoring[EB/OL].[2013.9.24].http://www.weather.com.cn/static/html/product/index.shtml
[2]徐鹏,李世元,甘鹏,等.雷击配电变压器事故分析及防雷措施研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2011(4):57-62.XU Peng,LI Shiyuan,GAN Peng,et al.Analysis of Lightning-strike Fault of Distribution Transformer and Study on Lightning Protection Measures[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2011(4):57-62.
[3]罗福山.肯尼迪航天中心的雷电防护系统[J].世界导弹与航天,1991(3):43-46.LUO Fushan.The lightning protection system of Kennedy Space Center[J].Missile and Aircraft,1991(3):43-46.
[4]李迪飞,毕武,宋欣,等.多雷林区“闪电拦截”防火技术研究[J].林业机械与木工设备,2010(9):26-27.LI Difei,BI Wu,SONG Xin,et al.Study on fire prevention technology“Lightening Interception”in forest areas struck by numerous thunders[J].Forestry Machinery&Wood Working Equipment,2010(9):26-27.
[5]ZENG Qingfeng,WANG Zhenhui,GUO Fengxia,et al.The application of lightning forecasting based on surface electrostatic field observations and radar data[J].Journal of Electrostatics,2013(1):6-13.
[6]MONTANYA J,BERGAS J,HERMOSOC B.Electric field measurements at ground level as a basis for lightning hazard warning.Journal of Electrostatics,2004(60):241-246.
[7]张廷龙,言穆弘,张彤,等.利用地面电场对中川地区一次雷暴过程电荷结构的研究[J].高原气象,2010(6):1524-1532.ZHANG Tinglong,YAN Muhong,ZHANG Tong,et al.Study of Charge structure in a thunderstorm case of zhongchuan area by the observation of surface electrical field[J].Plateau Meteorology,2010(6):1524-1532.
[8]TANTISATTAYAKUL T,MASUGATA K,KITAMURA I,et al.Development of the Hybrid Electric Field Meter for Simultaneous Measuring of Vertical and Horizontal Electric Fields of the Thundercloud[J].IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility,2006(2):435-438.
[9]RAVICHANDRAN M,KAMRA A K.Spherical field meter to measure the electric field vector-measurements in fair weather and inside a dust devil[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1999(4):2140-2149.
[10]RAVICHANDRAN M,KAMRA A K.A new technique to determine the lightning charge location from the electric field vector measurements[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics,2004(66):349-362.
[11]KAMRA A K.Spherical field meter for measurement of the electric field vector[J].Review of Scientific Instruments,1983(10):1401-1406.
[12]王蔷,李国定,龚克.电磁场理论基础[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001:73-74.WANG Qiang,LI Dingguo,GONG Ke.Electromagnetic Field Theory Fundamentals[M].Beijing:Peking University Press,2001:73-74.
[13]李大心.探地雷达方法与应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:61.LI Daxin.Method and application of Ground Penetrating Radar[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994:61.
[14]张星,白强,夏善红,等.一种小型三维电场传感器[J].仪器仪表学报,2006(11):1433-1436.ZHANG Xing,BAI Qiang,XIA Shanghong,et al.Miniaturized 3-D Electric Field Sensor[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2006(11):1433-1436.
[15]郑凤杰,白强,张星,等.空中三维电场传感器及其标定方法研究[J].维纳电子技术,2007(7/8):238-241.ZHENG Fengjie,BAI Qiang,ZHANG Xing,et al.Study of spatial 3D electric field sensor and its calibration method[J].Micronanoelectronic Technology,2007(7/8):238-241.
[16]中国气象局.全国地闪实时监测[EB/OL].[2013.9.24].http://www.weather.com.cn/static/html/product/index.shtml China Meteorological Administration.China real time cloud-to-ground lightning monitoring[EB/OL].[2013.9.24].http://www.weather.com.cn/static/html/product/index.shtml