花针期水钙耦合对花生产量和光合作用光响应的影响
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摘要
通过盆栽试验,研究了不同钙肥及钙素水平下花生花针期砂质土壤水分管理对花生功能叶片光合作用光响应及成熟期生物量、荚果产量的影响。结果表明:在花生花针期保持砂质土壤75%的田间持水量和施用高量(0.45 g/kg土)的贝壳粉钙肥或中量(0.15 g/kg土)的壳灰钙肥最适合花生生长,能提高花生功能叶片的光饱和点、光合量子效率以及最大光合速率,降低光补偿点,并表现出最高的花生生物量和荚果产量。
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of water management and calcium fertilizer application coupling at blossom-needling stage on the peanut functional leaf photosynthetic response to light,as well as the plant biomass and pod yield of peanut at mature stage. The results showed that: at blossom-needling stage,the optimal water and calcium coupling conditions for peanut growth were keeping sandy soil moisture to be 75% of field water-holding capacity,and applying 0. 45 g shell-powder calcium fertilizer per kilogram dry soil or 0.15 g shell-ash calcium fertilizer per kilogram dry soil,and these conditions could increase the light saturation point,photosynthetic quantum yield and maximum photosynthetic rate of peanut functional leaves,decrease the light compensation point,and obtain the biggest plant biomasses and pod yield.
A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of water management and calcium fertilizer application coupling at blossom-needling stage on the peanut functional leaf photosynthetic response to light,as well as the plant biomass and pod yield of peanut at mature stage. The results showed that: at blossom-needling stage,the optimal water and calcium coupling conditions for peanut growth were keeping sandy soil moisture to be 75% of field water-holding capacity,and applying 0. 45 g shell-powder calcium fertilizer per kilogram dry soil or 0.15 g shell-ash calcium fertilizer per kilogram dry soil,and these conditions could increase the light saturation point,photosynthetic quantum yield and maximum photosynthetic rate of peanut functional leaves,decrease the light compensation point,and obtain the biggest plant biomasses and pod yield.
引文
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[16]胡元斌,金爱武,金晓春,等.施肥对毛竹林幼竹生长期光合特性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(9):75-78.
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[18]王爱民,祖元刚.大兴安岭不同演替阶段白桦种群光合生理生态特征[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(2):190-193.
[19]周棱波,汪灿,陆秀娟,等.施肥量和种植密度对糯高粱黔高7号光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):644-648.
[20]吴雪霞,陈建林,查丁石.低温胁迫对茄子幼苗叶片光合特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(5):185-189.
[21]马清,楼洁琼,王锁民.Na+对渗透胁迫下霸王幼苗光合特性的影响[J].草业学报,2010(3):198-203.
[22]周玉梅,韩士杰,张安辉,等.不同CO2浓度下长白山3种树木幼苗的光合特性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1):41-44.
[23]姜义宝,崔国文,李红.干旱胁迫下外源钙对苜蓿抗旱相关生理指标的影响[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):32-36.
[24]张仁陟,李小刚,胡恒觉.施肥对提高旱地农田水分利用效率的机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(3):221-226.
[25]周卫,林葆.棕壤中肥料钙迁移与转化模拟[J].土壤肥料,1996(1):17-23.
[2]周恩生.平潭县低丘台地花生低产原因及增产对策措施[J].福建农业科技,2006(2):18-20.
[3]何春梅,王飞,李清华,等.沿海耕作风砂土对不同钙肥品种吸附-解吸特性的影响[J].福建农业学报,2011,26(6):1039-1044.
[4]张二全,武占社,李英霞,等.土壤钙素水平对花生施钙效果的影响[J].花生科技,1994(2):4-6.
[5]郑海青.闽东南花生、甘薯气象条件分析[J].气象,2003,29(3):53-57.
[6]王蕾,彭正萍,薛世川,等.氮钾配施对夏玉米产量和养分含量动态变化的影响[J].河北农业大学学报,2007,30(2):6-10.
[7]吕刚,史东梅.三峡库区春玉米水肥耦合效应研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):192-195.
[8]马强,宇万太,沈善敏,等.旱地农田水肥效应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):665-673.
[9]张凤翔,周明耀,郭文善.不同氮素水平下孕穗开花期土壤水分对冬小麦产量效应的研究[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(7):52-55.
[10]梁雄,彭克勤,杨毅.叶面施肥对花生光合作用和植物激素的影响[J].作物研究,2011,25(1):15-18.
[11]周卫,林葆.受钙影响的花生生殖生长及种子素质的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(2):205-210.
[12]吴吉林,李永华,叶庆生.美丽异木棉光合特性的研究[J].园艺学报,2005,32(6):1061-1064.
[13]Mohr H,Schopfer P.Plant physiology(4th ed)[M].Hong Kong:Springer-Verlag,1995:232.
[14]王天铎.植物群落的光利用效率与数学模型[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:128-211.
[15]许大全,李德耀,邱国雄.毛竹叶光合作用的气孔限制研究[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,1987,13(2):154-160.
[16]胡元斌,金爱武,金晓春,等.施肥对毛竹林幼竹生长期光合特性的影响[J].江西农业学报,2010,22(9):75-78.
[17]郭春芳,孙云,张木清.土壤水分胁迫对茶树光合作用-光响应特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(6):1413-1418.
[18]王爱民,祖元刚.大兴安岭不同演替阶段白桦种群光合生理生态特征[J].吉林农业大学学报,2005,27(2):190-193.
[19]周棱波,汪灿,陆秀娟,等.施肥量和种植密度对糯高粱黔高7号光合特性、农艺性状及产量的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(5):644-648.
[20]吴雪霞,陈建林,查丁石.低温胁迫对茄子幼苗叶片光合特性的影响[J].华北农学报,2008,23(5):185-189.
[21]马清,楼洁琼,王锁民.Na+对渗透胁迫下霸王幼苗光合特性的影响[J].草业学报,2010(3):198-203.
[22]周玉梅,韩士杰,张安辉,等.不同CO2浓度下长白山3种树木幼苗的光合特性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(1):41-44.
[23]姜义宝,崔国文,李红.干旱胁迫下外源钙对苜蓿抗旱相关生理指标的影响[J].草业学报,2005,14(5):32-36.
[24]张仁陟,李小刚,胡恒觉.施肥对提高旱地农田水分利用效率的机理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(3):221-226.
[25]周卫,林葆.棕壤中肥料钙迁移与转化模拟[J].土壤肥料,1996(1):17-23.