干旱对紫色小白菜光合特性及营养品质的影响
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摘要
以‘紫薇’不结球紫色小白菜为试验材料,采用盆栽控水试验,设置正常水分供应、轻度干旱、中度干旱和重度干旱4个干旱处理,测定了紫色小白菜植株营养品质和光合色素含量、光合与叶绿素荧光参数等指标,研究不同干旱胁迫处理对紫色小白菜光合特性及营养品质的影响。结果表明:(1)紫色小白菜叶片花青苷、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C含量均随干旱处理程度的加重呈先升高后下降的趋势,并均在轻度干旱下达到最大值。(2)随着干旱处理程度的加重,紫色小白菜叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素(a+b)和类胡萝卜素含量均呈先缓慢上升后急剧下降的变化规律,且均于轻度干旱下达到最大值。(3)随着干旱处理程度的加重,紫色小白菜叶片净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)和蒸腾速率(T_r)均呈逐渐下降的趋势,而瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)表现出先升后降的趋势。(4)随着干旱处理程度的加重,紫色小白菜叶片以吸收光能为基础的性能指数(PI_(ABS))逐渐降低,而单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、单位反应中心捕获的光能(TR_O/RC)、单位反应中心传递的能量(ET_O/RC)、单位反应中心热耗散的能量(DI_O/RC)以及单位面积捕获的光能(TR_O/CS)、单位面积的热耗散(DI_O/CS)均呈现逐渐上升的趋势;叶片中PSⅡ最大光化学效率(ψ_(PO))、将电子传递到电子传递链中QA-下游的其他电子受体的概率(ψ_O)、反应中心吸收的光能用于电子传递的量子产额(ψ_(EO))值均随着干旱处理的加重呈先缓慢下降后急剧下降的趋势,受体侧J相的相对可变荧光(V_J)增幅比供体K相可变荧光占J相可变荧光的比例(W_K)大,PSⅡ受体侧受到的胁迫伤害大于供体侧。研究表明,干旱处理迫使紫色小白菜光合特性及品质都出现一定的变化,轻度干旱胁迫处理能增加紫色小白菜花青苷及其光合色素的含量,并提高净光合速率,进而改善植株的营养品质,值得在紫色小白菜耐旱生产中推广应用。
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water treatments(normal irrigation,light drough,moderate drought,and severe drought)on the quality,gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of purple cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.communis Tsen et Lee).The result showed that:(1)with the increasing extent and duration of drought stress,the maximal anthocyanin content,the soluble sugar,soluble protein and vitamin C contents of the purple cabbage leaves increased gradually under light drought stress,while decreased rapidly under both moderate and severe drought stress.(2)As compared with those under normal irrigation,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoid contents all increased gradually under light drought stress,while de-creased rapidly under both moderate and severe drought stress.(3)With the degree of drought treatment,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s)and transpiration rate(T_r)all decreased gradually under light drought,moderate and severe drought stress,while water use efficiency(WUE)increased firstly and then decreased.(4)With the degree of drought treatment,performance index on absorption basis(PI_(ABS))decreased rapidly under all drought stress,while absorption per active reaction centers(ABS/RC),trapping per active reaction centers(TR_O/RC),electron transport per active reaction center(ET_O/RC),dissipation per active reaction centers(DI_O/RC)all increased gradually under drought stress,trapping per excited cross-section(TR_O/CS),dissipation per excited cross-section(DI_O/CS)both decreased rapidly under all drought treatments.The maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ(ψ_(PO)),efficiency that a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA-(ψ_O),probability that an absorbed photon will move an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA-(ψ_(EO))all decreased rapidly under all drought treatments.The value of relative variable fluorescence at J-step(V_J)increased more than the value of the ration of fluorescence FKto the amplitude FJ-FO(W_K),while the increasing of the maximum rate of reduction(M_O)stated that QAbe restored.Those results suggest that under light drought treatment,the anthocyanin and photosynthetic pigment contents increased.Moreover,the photosynthetic rate and the quality of plant nutrition improved.It is worth popularizing and applying in the dry production of purple cabbages.
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water treatments(normal irrigation,light drough,moderate drought,and severe drought)on the quality,gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of purple cabbage(Brassica campestris ssp.chinensis var.communis Tsen et Lee).The result showed that:(1)with the increasing extent and duration of drought stress,the maximal anthocyanin content,the soluble sugar,soluble protein and vitamin C contents of the purple cabbage leaves increased gradually under light drought stress,while decreased rapidly under both moderate and severe drought stress.(2)As compared with those under normal irrigation,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoid contents all increased gradually under light drought stress,while de-creased rapidly under both moderate and severe drought stress.(3)With the degree of drought treatment,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),stomatal conductance(G_s)and transpiration rate(T_r)all decreased gradually under light drought,moderate and severe drought stress,while water use efficiency(WUE)increased firstly and then decreased.(4)With the degree of drought treatment,performance index on absorption basis(PI_(ABS))decreased rapidly under all drought stress,while absorption per active reaction centers(ABS/RC),trapping per active reaction centers(TR_O/RC),electron transport per active reaction center(ET_O/RC),dissipation per active reaction centers(DI_O/RC)all increased gradually under drought stress,trapping per excited cross-section(TR_O/CS),dissipation per excited cross-section(DI_O/CS)both decreased rapidly under all drought treatments.The maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ(ψ_(PO)),efficiency that a trapped exciton can move an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA-(ψ_O),probability that an absorbed photon will move an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA-(ψ_(EO))all decreased rapidly under all drought treatments.The value of relative variable fluorescence at J-step(V_J)increased more than the value of the ration of fluorescence FKto the amplitude FJ-FO(W_K),while the increasing of the maximum rate of reduction(M_O)stated that QAbe restored.Those results suggest that under light drought treatment,the anthocyanin and photosynthetic pigment contents increased.Moreover,the photosynthetic rate and the quality of plant nutrition improved.It is worth popularizing and applying in the dry production of purple cabbages.
引文
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[3]张仁和,郑友军,马国胜,等.干旱胁迫对玉米苗期叶片光合作用和保护酶的影响[J].生态学报,2011,(5):1 303-1 311.ZHANG R H,ZHENG Y J,MA G S,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic traits and protective enzyme activity in maize seeding[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,(5):1 303-1 311.
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[5]孙景宽,李田,夏江宝,等.干旱胁迫对沙枣幼苗根茎叶生长及光合色素的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,(1):68-71.SUN J K,LI T,XIA J B,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthetic pigment and on root,stem and leaf growth characteristics of Elaeagnus angustifoliaseedlings[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,(1):68-71.
[6]RAJASEKAR M,RABERT G A,MANIVANNAN P.The effect of triazole induced photosynthetic pigments and biochemical constituents of Zea mays L.(maize)under drought stress[J].Applied Nanoscience,2016,6(5):727-735.
[7]HOSSEINZADEH S R,AMIRI H,ISMAILI A.Effect of vermicompost fertilizer on photosynthetic characteristics of chickpea(Cicer arietinum L.)under drought stress[J].Photosynthetica,2016,54(1):87-92.
[8]HARN J S,KIL K C,CHOI C.Physiological responses to drought stress of transgenic Chinese cabbage expressing Arabidopsis H+-pyrophosphatase[J].Journal of Plant Biotechnology,2013,40(3):156-162.
[9]李正德,辛学锐,丛培军,等.紫色小白菜——好地紫罗兰[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(11):35.LI Z D,XIN X R,CONG P J,et al.Purple cabbage-Pak Choy,Horti-Violet[J].China Vegetables,2011,(11):35.
[10]YANG B Y,ZHOU X Z,XU R,et al.Comprehensive analysis of photosynthetic characteristics and quality improvement of purple cabbage under different combinations of monochromatic light[J].Frontiers in Plant Scinence,2016,7:1 788.
[11]杨碧云,叶丽萍,林琳琳,等.响应面法优化超声辅助提取紫色小白菜花青苷的工艺研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2014,(4):373-382.YANG B Y,YE L P,LIN L L,et al.Ultrasonic condition optimization for anthocyanin extraction from purple cabbage by using response surface methodology(RSM)[J].Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany,2014,(4):373-382.
[12]HE Q,ZHANG Z,ZHANG L.Anthocyanin accumulation,antioxidant ability and stability,and a transcriptional analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple heading Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa L.ssp.pekinensis)[J].J Agric Food Chem,2016,64(1):132-145.
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