钠复合肥提高多浆旱生植物霸王幼苗生长及抗旱性
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摘要
本研究采用室内盆栽实验,探讨了一种由适量的氮、磷和钠等元素组成的钠复合肥对多浆旱生植物霸王幼苗生长及抗旱性的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫下施钠复合肥后,与对照和磷酸二铵肥相比,霸王幼苗的株高增加了30%和12%、叶面积增加了97%和40%、叶相对有机干重增加了10%和7%、叶干重增加了57%和38%、叶含水量增加了347%和55%,净光合速率增加了145%和24%、PSⅡ原初光能转换效率增加了6%和4%、电子传递速率增加了16%和8%、量子产额增加了14%和5%,而叶MDA含量下降了58%和18%、相对质膜透性下降了50%和26%。另外,与对照相比,施钠复合肥后霸王幼苗水分利用效率提高了4%。这些结果说明,钠复合肥能够促进干旱胁迫下霸王幼苗的生长、提高其抗旱性,并且效果优于磷酸二铵肥。
In this study,the effect on growth and drought tolerance of the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under drought stress of a Na compound fertilizer that contains appropriate amounts of nitrogen,phosphorous and sodium was studied in a pot experiment.Compared with control and diammonium phosphate treatments,the application of Na compound fertiliser increased plant height by 30% and 12%,leaf area by 97%and 40%,leaf relative organic weight by 10% and 7%,dry weight by 57% and 38%,water content by 347% and 55%,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)by 145% and 24%,primary light energy conversion of PSⅡ by 6% and 4%,photosynthetic electron transport rate by 16% and 8%,quantum yield by 14% and 5%,but decreased leaf malondialdehyde concentration by 58%and 18%,and penetrability of membranes by 50% and 26%respectively under drought stress.Meanwhile,the application of Na compound fertilizer significantly increased water use efficiency by 4%,compared with control pots.These results suggested that Na compound fertilizer could promote growth and enhance drought tolerance of Z.xanthoxylum,and the effectiveness was greater than diammonium phosphate.
In this study,the effect on growth and drought tolerance of the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum under drought stress of a Na compound fertilizer that contains appropriate amounts of nitrogen,phosphorous and sodium was studied in a pot experiment.Compared with control and diammonium phosphate treatments,the application of Na compound fertiliser increased plant height by 30% and 12%,leaf area by 97%and 40%,leaf relative organic weight by 10% and 7%,dry weight by 57% and 38%,water content by 347% and 55%,net photosynthetic rate(Pn)by 145% and 24%,primary light energy conversion of PSⅡ by 6% and 4%,photosynthetic electron transport rate by 16% and 8%,quantum yield by 14% and 5%,but decreased leaf malondialdehyde concentration by 58%and 18%,and penetrability of membranes by 50% and 26%respectively under drought stress.Meanwhile,the application of Na compound fertilizer significantly increased water use efficiency by 4%,compared with control pots.These results suggested that Na compound fertilizer could promote growth and enhance drought tolerance of Z.xanthoxylum,and the effectiveness was greater than diammonium phosphate.
引文
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[3]李毅,徐世健,冯虎元,等.蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子超干保存效果的研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):578-583.
[4]赵一之,朱宗元.亚洲中部荒漠区的植物特有属[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(2):113-121.
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[7]马清,楼洁琼,王锁民.Na+对渗透胁迫下霸王幼苗光合特性的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(3):198-203.
[8]蔡建一,马清,周向睿,等.Na+在霸王适应渗透胁迫中的生理作用[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):89-95.
[9]Ma Q,Yue L J,Zhang J L,et al.Sodium chloride improves photosynthesis and water status in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum[J].Tree Physiology,2011,32(1):4-13.
[10]Yue L J,Li S X,Ma Q,et al.NaCl stimulates growth and alleviates water stress in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,87:153-160.
[11]王锁民,周向睿,岳利军.钠复合肥及其应用和施用方法[P]:中国,ZL200710018840.0.2011-03-16.
[12]段娇娇,康建军,于健龙,等.钠复合肥培育白刺强旱生植株的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1019-1024.
[13]康建军,王锁民,赵明,等.苗期施用钠复合肥增强梭梭抗逆性的初步研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):127-133.
[14]徐建华,于健龙,伍国强,等.钠复合肥增强荒漠区梭梭抗旱性的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1025-1029.
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[19]霍红,张勇,陈年来,等.干旱胁迫下五种荒漠灌木苗期的生理响应和抗旱评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(1):185-189.
[20]Lin J N,Kao C H.Water stress,ammonium and leaf senescence in detached rice leaves[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1998,25(3):165-169.
[21]Blumwald E,Aharon G S,Apse M P.Sodium transport in plant cells[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2000,1465(1-2):140-151.
[22]Wu G Q,Xi J J,Wang Q,et al.The ZxNHXgene encoding tonoplast Na+/H+antiporter from the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum plays important roles in response to salt and drought[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2011,168(8):758-767.
[23]Farquhar G D,Rechards R A.Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water-use efficiency of wheat genotypes[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1984,11(6):539-552.
[24]Lajtha K K,Michener R H.Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1994:1-5.
[25]Knight J D,Livingston N J,Vankessel C.Carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency of six crops grown under wet and dry land conditions[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1994,17(2):173-179.
[26]Sun Z J,Livingston N J,Guy R D,et al.Stable carbon isotopes as indicators of increased water use efficiency and productivity in white spruce(Picea glauca(Moench)Voss)seedlings[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1996,19(7):887-894.
[2]刘桂香,任志弼.阿拉善荒漠区几种主要植物饲用价值的探讨[J].中国草地,1990,5:31-34.
[3]李毅,徐世健,冯虎元,等.蒙古沙冬青和霸王种子超干保存效果的研究[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(4):578-583.
[4]赵一之,朱宗元.亚洲中部荒漠区的植物特有属[J].云南植物研究,2003,25(2):113-121.
[5]Wang S M,Wan C G,Wang Y R,et al.The characteristics of Na+,K+and free proline distribution in several drought resistant plants of the Alxa Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,56(3):525-539.
[6]李三相,周向睿,王锁民.Na+在植物中的有益作用[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):485-490.
[7]马清,楼洁琼,王锁民.Na+对渗透胁迫下霸王幼苗光合特性的影响[J].草业学报,2010,19(3):198-203.
[8]蔡建一,马清,周向睿,等.Na+在霸王适应渗透胁迫中的生理作用[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):89-95.
[9]Ma Q,Yue L J,Zhang J L,et al.Sodium chloride improves photosynthesis and water status in the succulent xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum[J].Tree Physiology,2011,32(1):4-13.
[10]Yue L J,Li S X,Ma Q,et al.NaCl stimulates growth and alleviates water stress in the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2012,87:153-160.
[11]王锁民,周向睿,岳利军.钠复合肥及其应用和施用方法[P]:中国,ZL200710018840.0.2011-03-16.
[12]段娇娇,康建军,于健龙,等.钠复合肥培育白刺强旱生植株的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1019-1024.
[13]康建军,王锁民,赵明,等.苗期施用钠复合肥增强梭梭抗逆性的初步研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(2):127-133.
[14]徐建华,于健龙,伍国强,等.钠复合肥增强荒漠区梭梭抗旱性的研究[J].草业科学,2011,28(6):1025-1029.
[15]Flowers T J,Hajibagheri M A.Salinity tolerance in Hordeum vulgare:ion concentrations in root cells of cultivars differing in salt tolerance[J].Plant and Soil,2001,231(1):1-9.
[16]Peever T L,Higgins V J.Electrolyte leakage,lipoxygenase,and lipid peroxidation induced in tomato leaf tissue by specific and non specific elicitors fromCladosporium fluvum[J].Plant Physiology,1989,90(3):867-875.
[17]Gibon Y M,Bessieres M A,Larher F.Is glycine betaine a non-compatible solute in higher plants that do not accumulate it?[J].Plant Cell and Environment,1997,20(3):329-340.
[18]Khan M A,Ungar I A,Showalter A M.The effect of salinity on the growth,water status,and ion content of a leaf succulent perennial halophyte,Suaeda fruticosa(L.)Forssk[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2000,45(1):73-84.
[19]霍红,张勇,陈年来,等.干旱胁迫下五种荒漠灌木苗期的生理响应和抗旱评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(1):185-189.
[20]Lin J N,Kao C H.Water stress,ammonium and leaf senescence in detached rice leaves[J].Plant Growth Regulation,1998,25(3):165-169.
[21]Blumwald E,Aharon G S,Apse M P.Sodium transport in plant cells[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2000,1465(1-2):140-151.
[22]Wu G Q,Xi J J,Wang Q,et al.The ZxNHXgene encoding tonoplast Na+/H+antiporter from the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum plays important roles in response to salt and drought[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2011,168(8):758-767.
[23]Farquhar G D,Rechards R A.Isotopic composition of plant carbon correlates with water-use efficiency of wheat genotypes[J].Australian Journal of Plant Physiology,1984,11(6):539-552.
[24]Lajtha K K,Michener R H.Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science[M].London:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1994:1-5.
[25]Knight J D,Livingston N J,Vankessel C.Carbon isotope discrimination and water-use efficiency of six crops grown under wet and dry land conditions[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1994,17(2):173-179.
[26]Sun Z J,Livingston N J,Guy R D,et al.Stable carbon isotopes as indicators of increased water use efficiency and productivity in white spruce(Picea glauca(Moench)Voss)seedlings[J].Plant,Cell and Environment,1996,19(7):887-894.