日粮添加酒糟对后备奶牛生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响
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摘要
文章旨在研究不同比例的酒糟对后备奶牛生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。试验选择日龄、体重和体况近似的健康荷斯坦育成牛30头,按照日龄和体重进行分组设计,将其随机分为3组,每组10头。对照组饲粮精料成分为玉米和大豆榨油副产物,试验组Ⅰ饲粮精料成分中添加15%的酒糟,试验组Ⅱ饲粮精料成分中添加30%的酒糟。预试期为2周,正试期为24周。试验期间限饲。试验期间每天记录育成牛的采食量。分别于试验开始和结束时测定育成牛的生长性能指标。于正试期第24周进行消化试验,测定营养物质消化率。试验结果表明,日粮中添加不同比例的酒糟替代玉米和大豆榨油副产物对育成牛干物质采食量和生长性能无显著影响(P> 0.05)。日粮中添加不同比例的酒糟替代玉米和大豆榨油副产物对育成牛日粮干物质和有机物的表观消化率无显著影响(P> 0.05),但显著提高了粗蛋白质和纤维的表观消化率(P <0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮粗蛋白质表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高4.55%和6.82%(P <0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮粗蛋白质表观消化率差异不显著(P> 0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮中性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高6.70%和7.44%(P <0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮中性洗涤纤维表观消化率差异不显著(P> 0.05)。30%酒糟添加组育成牛日粮酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率分别比15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛高6.64%和8.04%(P <0.05),而15%酒糟添加组和对照组育成牛日粮酸性洗涤纤维表观消化率差异不显著(P> 0.05)。因此,育成牛日粮中可以添加酒糟替代部分玉米和大豆榨油副产物,本试验中最高添加比例为30%。
This study aimed to study the effects of dietary supplementation of variable levels of distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS)on growth performance,rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility of dairy heifers. 30 healthy Holstein dairy heifers with similar age,weight and body condition were blocked based on birth data and body weight and were randomly allocated to one of three treatments with 10 in each group. The control group was provided with concentrate mixes based on corn and soybean by-product. The experimental group one was provided with concentrate mixes consisting of corn and 15% DDGS.The experimental group two was provided with concentrate mixes consisting of 30% DDGS. In this study the pre-trial period was 2 weeks and the trial period was 24 weeks. During the experiment,dairy heifers were limited-fed and feed intake and orts was recorded daily. The growth performance of dairy heifers was measured every two weeks. Digestion trial was conducted at wk 24 to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The results showed that there was no significant effect on dry matter intake and growth performance of dairy heifer fed diets with DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in dairy heifer diets was not significantly affected(P >0.05),but the apparent digestibility of crude protein and fiber was significantly increased(P <0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein in the diet with 30% DDGS supplementation was 4.55% higher than that with 15% DDGS and 6.82% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the diet with 30% DDGS was 6.70% higher than that with15% DDGS and 7.44% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of dietary acid detergent fiber in the diet with 30% DDGS was 6.64% higher than that with 15% DDGS and 8.04% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of dietary acid detergent fiber in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). In conclusion,distillers dried grains with solubles can be added to the dairy heifer diet to replace some corn and soybean by-products,and the highest proportion in this experiment was 30%.
This study aimed to study the effects of dietary supplementation of variable levels of distillers dried grains with solubles(DDGS)on growth performance,rumen fermentation and nutrient digestibility of dairy heifers. 30 healthy Holstein dairy heifers with similar age,weight and body condition were blocked based on birth data and body weight and were randomly allocated to one of three treatments with 10 in each group. The control group was provided with concentrate mixes based on corn and soybean by-product. The experimental group one was provided with concentrate mixes consisting of corn and 15% DDGS.The experimental group two was provided with concentrate mixes consisting of 30% DDGS. In this study the pre-trial period was 2 weeks and the trial period was 24 weeks. During the experiment,dairy heifers were limited-fed and feed intake and orts was recorded daily. The growth performance of dairy heifers was measured every two weeks. Digestion trial was conducted at wk 24 to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The results showed that there was no significant effect on dry matter intake and growth performance of dairy heifer fed diets with DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in dairy heifer diets was not significantly affected(P >0.05),but the apparent digestibility of crude protein and fiber was significantly increased(P <0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein in the diet with 30% DDGS supplementation was 4.55% higher than that with 15% DDGS and 6.82% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of crude protein in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the diet with 30% DDGS was 6.70% higher than that with15% DDGS and 7.44% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). The apparent digestibility of dietary acid detergent fiber in the diet with 30% DDGS was 6.64% higher than that with 15% DDGS and 8.04% higher than that with no DDGS(P <0.05),while the apparent digestibility of dietary acid detergent fiber in the diet with 15% DDGS was not significantly different from that with no DDGS(P >0.05). In conclusion,distillers dried grains with solubles can be added to the dairy heifer diet to replace some corn and soybean by-products,and the highest proportion in this experiment was 30%.
引文
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[2]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis.15th ed.AOAC Int.,Arlington,VA,1990.
[3]Hoffman PC.Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(3):836~845.
[4]Kleinschmit DH,Anderson JL,Schingoethe DJ,et al.Ruminal and intestinal degradability of distillers grains plus solubles varies by source[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2909~2918.
[5]Klopfenstein T,Erickson G,Bremer V.Use of distillers byproducts in the beef cattle feeding industry[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86:1223~1231.
[6]Mjoun K,Kalscheur KF,Hippen AR,et al.Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soybean and corn distillers grains products[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4144~4154.
[7]Ranathunga SD,Abdelqader MM,Kalscheur KF,et al.Production performance and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed diets replacing starch from corn with non-forage fiber from distillers grains[J].2012.
[8]Redding PL,Wright CL,Wertz-Lutz AE.Effect of supplemental fat source on total tract nutrient digestibility[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(Suppl.2):126.(Abstr.)
[9]Schingoethe DJ,Kalscheur KF,Hippen AR,et al.Invited review:The use of distillers products in dairy cattle diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(12):5802~5813.
[10]Schroer RC,Nennich TD,Dennis TS,et al.Intake and growth of prepubertal dairy heifers fed reduced-fat dried distillers grains[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2014,30(1):93~98.
[11]Suarez-Mena FX,Lascano GJ,Heinrichs AJ.Chewing activities and particle size of rumen digesta and feces of precision-fed dairy heifers fed different forage levels with increasing levels of distillers grains[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(8):5184~5193.
[12]Van Keulen J,Young BA.Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies[J].Journal of Animal Science,1977,44(2):282~287.
[13]Van Soest PJ,Robertson JB,Lewis BA.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.
[14]Wildman EE,Jones GM,Wagner PE,et al.A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(3):495~501.
[15]Zanton GI,Heinrichs AJ.The effects of controlled feeding of a high-forage or high-concentrate ration on heifer growth and firstlactation milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(7):3388~3396.
[2]AOAC.Official Methods of Analysis.15th ed.AOAC Int.,Arlington,VA,1990.
[3]Hoffman PC.Optimum body size of Holstein replacement heifers[J].Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(3):836~845.
[4]Kleinschmit DH,Anderson JL,Schingoethe DJ,et al.Ruminal and intestinal degradability of distillers grains plus solubles varies by source[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(6):2909~2918.
[5]Klopfenstein T,Erickson G,Bremer V.Use of distillers byproducts in the beef cattle feeding industry[J].Journal of Animal Science,2008,86:1223~1231.
[6]Mjoun K,Kalscheur KF,Hippen AR,et al.Ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein and amino acids in soybean and corn distillers grains products[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(9):4144~4154.
[7]Ranathunga SD,Abdelqader MM,Kalscheur KF,et al.Production performance and ruminal fermentation of dairy cows fed diets replacing starch from corn with non-forage fiber from distillers grains[J].2012.
[8]Redding PL,Wright CL,Wertz-Lutz AE.Effect of supplemental fat source on total tract nutrient digestibility[J].Journal of Animal Science,2012,90(Suppl.2):126.(Abstr.)
[9]Schingoethe DJ,Kalscheur KF,Hippen AR,et al.Invited review:The use of distillers products in dairy cattle diets[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(12):5802~5813.
[10]Schroer RC,Nennich TD,Dennis TS,et al.Intake and growth of prepubertal dairy heifers fed reduced-fat dried distillers grains[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2014,30(1):93~98.
[11]Suarez-Mena FX,Lascano GJ,Heinrichs AJ.Chewing activities and particle size of rumen digesta and feces of precision-fed dairy heifers fed different forage levels with increasing levels of distillers grains[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2013,96(8):5184~5193.
[12]Van Keulen J,Young BA.Evaluation of acid-insoluble ash as a natural marker in ruminant digestibility studies[J].Journal of Animal Science,1977,44(2):282~287.
[13]Van Soest PJ,Robertson JB,Lewis BA.Methods for dietary fiber,neutral detergent fiber,and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1991,74(10):3583~3597.
[14]Wildman EE,Jones GM,Wagner PE,et al.A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1982,65(3):495~501.
[15]Zanton GI,Heinrichs AJ.The effects of controlled feeding of a high-forage or high-concentrate ration on heifer growth and firstlactation milk production[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(7):3388~3396.