多级拉伸挤出对纳米有机蒙脱土/高密度聚乙烯复合材料形态结构及性能的影响
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摘要
采用多级拉伸挤出工艺和传统挤出工艺制备了纳米有机蒙脱土/高密度聚乙烯(OMMT/HDPE)复合材料,利用广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、TEM、DSC和小角X射线散射(SAXS)等手段对比研究了两种不同工艺制备OMMT/HDPE复合材料的形态结构和性能。结果表明:多级拉伸挤出作用能够细化OMMT的颗粒尺寸,促进OMMT在HDPE基体中的分散;随多级拉伸挤出次数的增加,OMMT的分散性越好,OMMT颗粒的长径比增加,从而使OMMT/HDPE复合材料的初始成核速率和结晶速率明显提高,诱导复合材料形成取向串晶(Shishkebab)结构,显著提高OMMT/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度;当OMMT∶HDPE分别为1∶100和5∶100时,多级拉伸挤出OMMT/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度相对于传统挤出OMMT/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度分别提高了50%和356%。
Organic nano-montmorillonite/high density polyethylene(OMMT/HDPE)composites were prepared by multistage stretching extrusion and traditional extrusion process.The morphological structure and property of the two different OMMT/HDPE composites were comparatively studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD),TEM,DSC,small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and so on.The results indicate that multistage stretching extrusion shows great effect on refining particle size of OMMT and promoting dispersion of OMMT in HDPE matrix.With increasing of the number of layer multiplying elements(LMEs),the dispersion of OMMT is gradually improved and the length-to-diameter ratio of OMMT aggregation is also increased,leading to the enhanced initial nucleation rate and crystallization rate of OMMT/HDPE composites,inducing the formation of oriented shish-kebab structures in OMMT/HDPE composites.Accordingly,the tensile strength of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by multistage stretching extrusion is greatly enhanced.When the mass ratio of OMMT∶HDPE is 1∶100 and 5∶100,the tensile strength of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by multistage stretching extrusion increases about50% and 356% compared to that of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by traditional extrusion process.
Organic nano-montmorillonite/high density polyethylene(OMMT/HDPE)composites were prepared by multistage stretching extrusion and traditional extrusion process.The morphological structure and property of the two different OMMT/HDPE composites were comparatively studied by wide-angle X-ray diffraction(WAXD),TEM,DSC,small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)and so on.The results indicate that multistage stretching extrusion shows great effect on refining particle size of OMMT and promoting dispersion of OMMT in HDPE matrix.With increasing of the number of layer multiplying elements(LMEs),the dispersion of OMMT is gradually improved and the length-to-diameter ratio of OMMT aggregation is also increased,leading to the enhanced initial nucleation rate and crystallization rate of OMMT/HDPE composites,inducing the formation of oriented shish-kebab structures in OMMT/HDPE composites.Accordingly,the tensile strength of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by multistage stretching extrusion is greatly enhanced.When the mass ratio of OMMT∶HDPE is 1∶100 and 5∶100,the tensile strength of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by multistage stretching extrusion increases about50% and 356% compared to that of OMMT/HDPE composites prepared by traditional extrusion process.
引文
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[2]王明,郭少云.微纳多层功能复合材料的制备新技术[J].工程塑料应用,2008,36(11):83-87.WANG M,GUO S Y.Stratified founctional composites with micromterer or nanometer scale thickness prepared by a new processing technology[J].Engineering Plastics Application,2008,36(11):83-87(in Chinese).
[3]HE G S,LI J,ZHANG F S,et al.Effect of multistage tensile extrusion induced fiber orientation on fracture characteristics of high density polyethylene/short glass fiber composites[J].Composites Science and Technology,2014,100(21):1-9.
[4]GAN L,QIU F,HAO Y B,et al.Shear-induced orientation of functional graphene oxide sheets in isotactic polypropylene[J].Journal of Material Science,2016,51(11):5185-5195.
[5]LEI F,YANG S,GUO S Y,et al.Exfoliation of organic montmorillonite in iPP free of compatibilizer through the multistage stretching extrusion[J].Polymer Bulletin,2014,71(12):3261-3273.
[6]LEI F,YU H N,YANG S,et al.Analysis of crystalline structure and morphology of isotactic polypropylene under the coexistence of organic montmorillonite particles and shear flow[J].Polymer,2016,82:274-284.
[7]YANG S,YU H,LI J,et al.Structural evolution and toughening mechanism ofβ-transcrystallinity of polypropylene induced by the two-dimensional layered interface during uniaxial stretching[J].ACS Omega,2017,2(3):814-827.
[8]迟晓红,俞利,郑杰,等.蒙脱土/聚丙烯复合材料结晶形态及耐电树枝化特性[J].复合材料学报,2015,32(1):76-84.CHI X H,YU L,ZHENG J,et al.Crystallization morphology and electrical tree resistance characteristics of montmorillonite/polypropylene composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2015,32(1):76-84(in Chinese).
[9]QIU F,WANG M,HAO Y B,et al.The effect of talc orientation and transcrystallization on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the polypropylene/talc composites[J].Composites Part A,2014,58(58):7-15.
[10]JULIEN G,THIERRY C,PATRICE M.Analysis of the influence of the injection molding process on the crystallization kinetics of a HDPE[J].Journal of Applied Polymer,2017,134(1):44239.
[11]中国国家标准化管理委员会.塑料拉伸性能的测定第3部分:薄膜和薄片的试验条件:GB/T 1040.3—2006[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China.Plastics:Determination of tensile properties Part 3:Test conditions for films and sheets:GB/T 1040.3—2006[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2007(in Chinese).
[12]马传国,容敏智,章明秋.纳米碳酸钙及其表面处理对等规聚丙烯结晶行为的影响[J].高分子学报,2003(3):382-386.MA C G,RONG M Z,ZHANG M Q.Influence of nano-CaCO3and surface modification on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene[J].Acta Polymerica Sinica,2003(3):382-386(in Chinese).
[13]BUSHMAN A C,MCHUGH A J.A continuum model for the dynamics of flow-induced crystallization[J].Journal of Polymer Science Part B:Polymer Physics,1996,34(14):2393-2407.
[14]HUANG H.Effect of pan-milling stress on crystal structures of high density polyethylene[J].Chinese Journal of Polymer Science,2000,18(4):363-367.
[15]MACHADOA G,KINAST E J,SCHOLTEN J D,et al.Morphological and crystalline studies of isotactic polypropylene plastically deformed and evaluated by small-angle X-ray scattering,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction[J].European Polymer Journal,2009,45(3):700-713.
[16]刘栋.流动场诱导交联聚乙烯结晶:点核-串晶核转变机理[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2015.LIU D.Flow-induced crystallization of cross-linked polyethylene:From point-nuclei to shish[D].Hefei:China Science and Technology University,2015(in Chinese).
[17]赵佰金.流动场诱导聚合物结晶[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2010.ZHAO B J.Flow induced crystallization of polymers[D].Hefei:China Science and Technology University,2010(in Chinese).
[18]HOUSMANS J W,PETERS G W M,MEIJER H E H.Flow-induced crystallization of propylene/ethylethylene random copolymers[J].Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,2009,98(3):693-705.
[19]KEUM J K,BURGER C,ZOU F,et al.Probing nucleation and growth behavior of twisted kebabs from shish scaffold in sheared polyethylene melts by in situ X-ray studies[J].Polymers,2007,48(15):4511-4519.
[20]DUFFO P,MONASSE B,HAUDIN J.Cast film extrusion of polypropylene thermomechanical and physical aspects[J].Polymer Engineering,1991,10(1-3):151-230.
[21]曾汉民,容敏智,章明秋.聚合物多相复合体系的结构和内耗行为特征[J].高分子通报,1998(2):1-9.ZENG H M,RONG M Z,ZHANG M Q.Analysis of internal friction features and structure for polymer blends and composites[J].Polymer Bulletin,1998(2):1-9(in Chinese).
[22]PAN Y M,SHI S Y,XU W Z,et al.Wide distribution of shish-kebab structure and tensile property of micro-injectionmolded isotactic polypropylene microparts:A comparative study with injection-molded macroparts[J].Journal of Materials Scienc,2014,49(3):1041-1048.