降水量与施磷量对黑土区玉米产量及磷素吸收利用的影响
|
摘要
在自然降水条件下采用滴灌补水措施,研究不同降水量及施磷量对黑土区玉米产量、磷素吸收积累及磷肥利用率的影响。结果表明,降水量及施磷量的增加会增加玉米植株干物质量的积累,进而促进玉米产量的形成。施磷量较降水量对玉米产量的影响更为显著,适量的降水量与施磷量有利于玉米产量的增加。各处理中以W3(自然降水+200 mm)、P3(施磷220 kg/hm~2)处理产量最高,达13 914 kg/hm~2。各处理随施磷量的增加,磷肥利用率降低,随降水量的增加磷肥利用率增加。玉米植株磷素积累在同一降水条件下,随施磷量的增加呈先增加后减小的趋势。适磷条件下,适宜降水量可显著提高玉米植株磷素积累量。W3(自然降水+200 mm)、P2(施磷110 kg/hm~2)处理为最优处理,当年降水量为508 mm,玉米产量可达13 119 kg/hm~2;磷肥利用效率最高,达19.7%。
Under the condition of natural precipitation, the drip irrigation water supply was used to simulate thenatural precipitation, and the effects of different precipitation and P application rate on the yield, P uptake and accu-mulation and the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer in black soil were studied. The experiments were set up inwater and phosphorus two factors. The results showed that, the increase of precipitation and the amount of P fertiliz-er increased the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of maize yield. Effects of phosphorus applicationamount on the yield of maize was more significant than precipitation, proper precipitation and phosphorus applica-tion can increase the yield of maize; the treatment W3(natural precipitation+200 mm), P3(220 kg/ha) which yieldreached 13 914 kg/ha was the highest among all treatments, the utilization of phosphorus fertilizer decreased withthe increase of phosphorus application and increased with the increase of precipitation. Under the same precipita-tion condition, the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants increased and then decreased with the increase of P ap-plication amount, under the condition of proper P application, proper precipitation can significantly increase the Paccumulation of maize. In summary, W3(natural precipitation+200 mm), P2(110 kg/ha) treatment was the optimaltreatment, namely in the year of precipitation was 508 mm, the maize yield reached 13 119 kg/ha, P fertilizer use ef-ficiency also reached the highest, up to 19.7%.
Under the condition of natural precipitation, the drip irrigation water supply was used to simulate thenatural precipitation, and the effects of different precipitation and P application rate on the yield, P uptake and accu-mulation and the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer in black soil were studied. The experiments were set up inwater and phosphorus two factors. The results showed that, the increase of precipitation and the amount of P fertiliz-er increased the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of maize yield. Effects of phosphorus applicationamount on the yield of maize was more significant than precipitation, proper precipitation and phosphorus applica-tion can increase the yield of maize; the treatment W3(natural precipitation+200 mm), P3(220 kg/ha) which yieldreached 13 914 kg/ha was the highest among all treatments, the utilization of phosphorus fertilizer decreased withthe increase of phosphorus application and increased with the increase of precipitation. Under the same precipita-tion condition, the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants increased and then decreased with the increase of P ap-plication amount, under the condition of proper P application, proper precipitation can significantly increase the Paccumulation of maize. In summary, W3(natural precipitation+200 mm), P2(110 kg/ha) treatment was the optimaltreatment, namely in the year of precipitation was 508 mm, the maize yield reached 13 119 kg/ha, P fertilizer use ef-ficiency also reached the highest, up to 19.7%.
引文
[1]郭建平.气候变化对中国农业生产的影响研究进展[J].应用气象学报,2015(1):1-11.Guo J P.Advances in impacts of climate change on agricultural production in China[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2015(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[2]王江山,孙凤华,赵春雨,等.气候变暖对东北地区农业生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009(19):9053-9056.Wang J S,Sun F H,Zhao C Y,et al.Influences of climate warming on the agricultural production in Northeast China[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2009(19):9053-9056.(in Chinese)
[3]赵秀兰.近50年中国东北地区气候变化对农业的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2010(9):144-149.Zhao X L.Influence of climate change on agriculture in Northeast China in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Northeast Agriultural University,2010(9):144-149.(in Chinese)
[4]马强,宇万太,等.旱地农田水肥效应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):665-673.Ma Q,Yu W T,et al.Research advances in water fertilizer effect on dry land farm land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(3):665-673.(in Chinese)
[5]朴秀吉,于小东,李长梅,等.磷肥不同施用方法对郑单958产量及养分吸收的影响[J].玉米科学,2008,16(6):144-145.Pu X J,Yu X D,Li C M,et al.Effects of phosphorus fertilizers applications on yields and uptakes for nutriments in maize variety Zhengdan958[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2008,16(6):144-145.(in Chinese)
[6]彭正萍,张家铜,袁硕,等.不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):793-798.Peng Z P,Zhang J T,Yuan S,et al.Effets of different phosphorus application rates on the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and phosphrus in maize[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(4):793-798.(in Chinese)
[7]李亚龙,崔远来,吕国安,等.不同水分条件下早稻磷效应及水分生产率[J].节水灌溉,2005(6):1-7.Li Y L,Cui Y L,LüG A,et al.Phosphorus efficiency and water productivity of aerobic rice under different water regimes[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2005(6):1-7.(in Chinese)
[8]王瑜,宁堂原,迟淑筠,等.不同施磷水平下灌水量对小麦水分利用特征及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012(3):232-237.Wang Y,Ning T Y,Chi S J,et al.Effects of irrigation amount on water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat under different phosphorus application rates[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012(3):232-237.(in Chinese)
[9]郑彩霞,张富仓,张志亮,等.限量灌水和施磷对冬小麦养分吸收及利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(3):102-107.Zheng C X,Zhang F C,Zhang Z L,et al.Effect of Limited irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer to nutrition absorption and utilization of winter wheat[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014(3):102-107.(in Chinese)
[10]康利允.分层供水施磷对冬小麦生长及产量的调控效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[11]王聪宇.吉林省西部超高产玉米养分吸收积累特性及磷肥高效施用技术研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[12]于静洁,任鸿遵.华北地区粮食生产与水供应情势分析[J].自然资源学报,2001(4):360-365.Yu J J,Ren H Z.Crop yield and water supply in North China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001(4):360-365.(in Chinese)
[13]金轲,汪德水,蔡典雄,等.旱地农田肥水耦合效应及其模式研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(5):104-106.Jin K,Wang D S,Cai D X,et al.A study on the interactive effect and the model of water and fertilizer on dry land[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999,32(5):104-106.(in Chinese)
[14]沈玉芳,王保莉,曲东,等.水分胁迫下磷营养对玉米苗期根系导水率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002(5):11-15.Shen Y F,Wang B L,Qu D,et al.Effects of phosphorus on root hydraulic conductance of corn under water stress[J].Jour.of Northwest Sci-Tech Univ.of Agri.and For.(Nat.Sci.Ed.),2002(5):11-15.(in Chinese)
[15]张国盛,张仁陟.水分胁迫下氮磷营养对小麦根系发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001(2):163-167.Zhang G S,Zhang R S.The influence of nitrogen,phosphorus nutrition on the root characteristics matters of spring wheat under water stress[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2001(2):163-167.(in Chinese)
[16]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(5):1161-1167.Li X L,Mu H B,Hou X Y,et al.Effects of irrigation and phosphorus fertilization on alfalfa yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014(5):1161-1167.(in Chinese)
[17]温利利,李淑文,李秀芳,等.水肥耦合效应对平原区夏玉米产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012(3):481-484,489.Wen L L,Li S W,Li S F,et al.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer on summer maize yield of in the plain[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012(3):481-484,489.(in Chinese)
[18]武继承,杨永辉,郑惠玲,等.水肥互作对小麦—玉米周年产量及水分利用率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015(7):67-72.Wu J C,Yang Y H,Zheng H L,et al.Effects of water-fertilizer interaction on yield and anniversary water use efficiency of wheat and corn[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015(7):67-72.(in Chinese)
[19]赵长海,逄焕成,李玉义.水磷互作对潮土玉米苗期生长及磷素积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009(1):236-240.Zhao C H,Pang H C,Li Y Y.Effert of interaction of water and phosphorus on maize growth and phosphorus accumulation in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009(1):236-240.(in Chinese)
[2]王江山,孙凤华,赵春雨,等.气候变暖对东北地区农业生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009(19):9053-9056.Wang J S,Sun F H,Zhao C Y,et al.Influences of climate warming on the agricultural production in Northeast China[J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2009(19):9053-9056.(in Chinese)
[3]赵秀兰.近50年中国东北地区气候变化对农业的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2010(9):144-149.Zhao X L.Influence of climate change on agriculture in Northeast China in recent 50 years[J].Journal of Northeast Agriultural University,2010(9):144-149.(in Chinese)
[4]马强,宇万太,等.旱地农田水肥效应研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(3):665-673.Ma Q,Yu W T,et al.Research advances in water fertilizer effect on dry land farm land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(3):665-673.(in Chinese)
[5]朴秀吉,于小东,李长梅,等.磷肥不同施用方法对郑单958产量及养分吸收的影响[J].玉米科学,2008,16(6):144-145.Pu X J,Yu X D,Li C M,et al.Effects of phosphorus fertilizers applications on yields and uptakes for nutriments in maize variety Zhengdan958[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2008,16(6):144-145.(in Chinese)
[6]彭正萍,张家铜,袁硕,等.不同供磷水平对玉米干物质和磷动态积累及分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(4):793-798.Peng Z P,Zhang J T,Yuan S,et al.Effets of different phosphorus application rates on the dynamic accumulation and distribution of dry matter and phosphrus in maize[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009,15(4):793-798.(in Chinese)
[7]李亚龙,崔远来,吕国安,等.不同水分条件下早稻磷效应及水分生产率[J].节水灌溉,2005(6):1-7.Li Y L,Cui Y L,LüG A,et al.Phosphorus efficiency and water productivity of aerobic rice under different water regimes[J].Water Saving Irrigation,2005(6):1-7.(in Chinese)
[8]王瑜,宁堂原,迟淑筠,等.不同施磷水平下灌水量对小麦水分利用特征及产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012(3):232-237.Wang Y,Ning T Y,Chi S J,et al.Effects of irrigation amount on water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat under different phosphorus application rates[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012(3):232-237.(in Chinese)
[9]郑彩霞,张富仓,张志亮,等.限量灌水和施磷对冬小麦养分吸收及利用的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(3):102-107.Zheng C X,Zhang F C,Zhang Z L,et al.Effect of Limited irrigation and phosphorus fertilizer to nutrition absorption and utilization of winter wheat[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014(3):102-107.(in Chinese)
[10]康利允.分层供水施磷对冬小麦生长及产量的调控效应[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
[11]王聪宇.吉林省西部超高产玉米养分吸收积累特性及磷肥高效施用技术研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[12]于静洁,任鸿遵.华北地区粮食生产与水供应情势分析[J].自然资源学报,2001(4):360-365.Yu J J,Ren H Z.Crop yield and water supply in North China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2001(4):360-365.(in Chinese)
[13]金轲,汪德水,蔡典雄,等.旱地农田肥水耦合效应及其模式研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(5):104-106.Jin K,Wang D S,Cai D X,et al.A study on the interactive effect and the model of water and fertilizer on dry land[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,1999,32(5):104-106.(in Chinese)
[14]沈玉芳,王保莉,曲东,等.水分胁迫下磷营养对玉米苗期根系导水率的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2002(5):11-15.Shen Y F,Wang B L,Qu D,et al.Effects of phosphorus on root hydraulic conductance of corn under water stress[J].Jour.of Northwest Sci-Tech Univ.of Agri.and For.(Nat.Sci.Ed.),2002(5):11-15.(in Chinese)
[15]张国盛,张仁陟.水分胁迫下氮磷营养对小麦根系发育的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2001(2):163-167.Zhang G S,Zhang R S.The influence of nitrogen,phosphorus nutrition on the root characteristics matters of spring wheat under water stress[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2001(2):163-167.(in Chinese)
[16]李新乐,穆怀彬,侯向阳,等.水、磷对紫花苜蓿产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014(5):1161-1167.Li X L,Mu H B,Hou X Y,et al.Effects of irrigation and phosphorus fertilization on alfalfa yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2014(5):1161-1167.(in Chinese)
[17]温利利,李淑文,李秀芳,等.水肥耦合效应对平原区夏玉米产量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2012(3):481-484,489.Wen L L,Li S W,Li S F,et al.The coupling effect of water and fertilizer on summer maize yield of in the plain[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2012(3):481-484,489.(in Chinese)
[18]武继承,杨永辉,郑惠玲,等.水肥互作对小麦—玉米周年产量及水分利用率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015(7):67-72.Wu J C,Yang Y H,Zheng H L,et al.Effects of water-fertilizer interaction on yield and anniversary water use efficiency of wheat and corn[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2015(7):67-72.(in Chinese)
[19]赵长海,逄焕成,李玉义.水磷互作对潮土玉米苗期生长及磷素积累的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009(1):236-240.Zhao C H,Pang H C,Li Y Y.Effert of interaction of water and phosphorus on maize growth and phosphorus accumulation in fluvo-aquic soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2009(1):236-240.(in Chinese)