喷油策略对汽油压燃颗粒物排放特性的影响
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摘要
在一台单缸柴油机上研究了喷油参数(预主喷间隔角、预喷比例、主喷时刻和喷油压力等)对汽油压燃(gasoline compression ignition,GCI)颗粒物排放特性的影响。研究结果表明:喷油策略对缸内油气混合及进一步对燃烧过程的影响是其影响颗粒物排放特性的主要因素。在设定的研究工况下,随预主喷间隔角增大,积聚态颗粒数量浓度下降,但核态颗粒数量浓度基本不变,颗粒物中的核态和超细颗粒比例明显升高;增大预喷比例,核态颗粒和积聚态颗粒数量浓度均大幅降低,颗粒物中的核态和超细颗粒比例变化较小;主喷时刻提前,颗粒物数量浓度下降,平均粒径减小,数量浓度峰值向小粒径方向偏移;提高喷油压力可有效降低积聚态颗粒数量浓度,缩小缸内生成颗粒物的粒径范围,但对核态颗粒的数量浓度影响较小。
The effects of injection parameters(pilot-main injection interval,pilot injection ratio,main injection timing and injection pressure)on the particulate matter emission characteristics of gasoline compression ignition(gasoline compression ignition,GCI)were investigated on a single cylinder diesel engine.The results show that the difference of air-fuel mixture quality and combustion process caused by the various injection parameters are the key factors that affect the particulate matter emission characteristics.Under the setting research conditions,the number concentration of accumulation mode particulate is decreased when the pilot-main injection interval is increased.However,the number concentration of nucleation mode particulate are almost the same,and the rations of nucleation mode particulate and ultra-fine particulate are obviously increased. The number concentrations of nucleation mode particulate and accumulation mode particulate are significantly reduced by increasing the pilot injection ratio,while the nucleation mode particulate and the ultra-fine particulate have almost no change.When the main injection timing is advanced,the particulate number concentration and the mean particulate number are decreased,and the peak number concentration shifts towards to smaller particulate diameter region. The number concentration of accumulation mode particulate and the average particle size can be effective reduced by elevating the injection pressure,but it has smaller impacts on the number concentration of nucleation mode particulate.
The effects of injection parameters(pilot-main injection interval,pilot injection ratio,main injection timing and injection pressure)on the particulate matter emission characteristics of gasoline compression ignition(gasoline compression ignition,GCI)were investigated on a single cylinder diesel engine.The results show that the difference of air-fuel mixture quality and combustion process caused by the various injection parameters are the key factors that affect the particulate matter emission characteristics.Under the setting research conditions,the number concentration of accumulation mode particulate is decreased when the pilot-main injection interval is increased.However,the number concentration of nucleation mode particulate are almost the same,and the rations of nucleation mode particulate and ultra-fine particulate are obviously increased. The number concentrations of nucleation mode particulate and accumulation mode particulate are significantly reduced by increasing the pilot injection ratio,while the nucleation mode particulate and the ultra-fine particulate have almost no change.When the main injection timing is advanced,the particulate number concentration and the mean particulate number are decreased,and the peak number concentration shifts towards to smaller particulate diameter region. The number concentration of accumulation mode particulate and the average particle size can be effective reduced by elevating the injection pressure,but it has smaller impacts on the number concentration of nucleation mode particulate.
引文
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[16]张翔宇,郑尊清,黄树和,等.进气压力对汽油低温压燃的影响[J].内燃机工程,2018,39(1):1-7.ZHANG X Y,ZHENG Z Q,HUANG S H,et al.Effects of the intake pressure on gasoline low temperature compression ignition[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2018,39(1):1-7.
[2]GOLDSTEIN A H,GALBALLY I E.Known and unexplored organic constituents in the earth's atmosphere[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(5):1514-1521.
[3]KLEEMAN M J,SCHAUER J J,CASS G.Size and composition distribution of fine particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,34(7):1132-1142.
[4]MARICQ M M.Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines:a review[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2007,38(11):1079-1118.
[5]刘双喜,宁智,付娟,等.柴油机排气微粒冷却演变特性的实验研究[J].环境科学,2007,28(6):1193-1197.LIU S X,NING Z,FU J,et al.Evolution characteristics of diesel particles under cooling condition[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(6):1193-1197.
[6]鞠洪玲,成晓北,陈亮,等.柴油机缸内碳烟颗粒形成过程与尺寸分布特性[J].内燃机工程,2011,32(6):18-24.JU H L,CHENG X B,CHEN L,et al.Soot particle formation process and size distribution characteristics in cylinder of diesel engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2011,32(6):18-24.
[7]梅德清,赵翔,陈鬃,等.柴油机颗粒物热重参数优化选择及其氧化特性研究[J].内燃机工程,2015,36(6):20-26.MEI D Q,ZHAO X,CHEN Z,et al.Optimization of thermogravimetric parameters and oxidation characteristics of diesel particulate matter[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2015,36(6):20-26.
[8]LAPUERTA M,MARTOS F J,HERREROS J M.Effect of engine operating conditions on the size of primary particles composing diesel soot agglomerates[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,2007,38(4):455-466.
[9]NIEMI S A,PAANU T P J,LAURN M J.Effect of injection timing,EGR and EGR cooling on the exhaust particle number and size distribution of an off-road diesel engine[C/OL].SAE Paper.2004,2004-01-1988.(2004-06-08)[2018-03-20].http://papers.sae.org/2004-01-1988.
[10]邹宪,郑尊清,王浒,等.燃料物性和喷油策略对船用柴油机性能和排放影响的模拟研究[J].内燃机工程,2017,38(6):16-22.ZOU X,ZHENG Z Q,WANG H,et al.Numerical study on effects of fuel properties and injection strategies on performance and emissions of a marine diesel engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2017,38(6):16-22.
[11]孙万臣,杜家坤,郭亮,等.压燃式发动机燃用汽油/柴油混合燃料瞬变工况下燃烧及微粒排放特性分析[J].内燃机学报,2016,34(2):170-176.SUN W C,DU J K,GUO L,et al.Experimental study on combustion and ultrafine particle emissions of CI engine fueled with gasoline/diesel blends under transient-state conditions[J].Transactions of CSICE,2016,34(2):170-176.
[12]孙万臣,李鹏磊,郭亮,等.喷油参数对丁醇/柴油混合燃料燃烧及排放影响[J].内燃机学报,2017,35(5):385-392.SUN W C,LI P L,GUO L,et al.Effects of injection parameters on combustion and emissions on a butanol/diesel blend engine[J].Transactions of CSICE,2017,35(5):385-392.
[13]张庆朋.喷油参数对汽油类燃料压燃模式颗粒物及气态污染物影响的试验研究[D].烟台:烟台大学,2017.
[14]MANENTE V,JOHANSSON B,TUNESTAL P,et al.Effects of different type of gasoline fuels on heavy duty partially premixed combustion[J].SAE International Journal of Engines,2010,2(2):71-88.
[15]TUNER M,JOHANSSON T,AULIN H,et al.Multicylinder partially premixed combustion performance using commercial light-duty engine hardware[C/OL].SAE Paper,2014,2014-01-2680.(2014-10-13)[2018-03-20].http://papers.sae.org/2014-01-2680.
[16]张翔宇,郑尊清,黄树和,等.进气压力对汽油低温压燃的影响[J].内燃机工程,2018,39(1):1-7.ZHANG X Y,ZHENG Z Q,HUANG S H,et al.Effects of the intake pressure on gasoline low temperature compression ignition[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering,2018,39(1):1-7.