基于区块链的食品安全溯源体系设计
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摘要
近年来,食品安全案件屡次发生,亟需采用安全、可信、透明的食品安全溯源系统来加强对食品产业链的监管效率,提高食品安全水平,保障国民饮食健康;而目前的食品溯源系统主要面临着信息采集不标准、数据存储不安全、中心系统易受攻击和企业间信息交换过程隐私不能保障等问题。区块链技术具有分布式容错、不可篡改与隐私保护的特点,可以针对性地解决目前食品溯源系统中面临的问题。基于区块链的食品安全溯源系统通过技术架构的分析,提出将区块链恰当植入食品溯源体系的方案,即区块链技术应用于系统的数据库层与通信层,并对采用方案后的食品溯源体系的运行机制进行分析,结合具体应用场景与实际案例来论证设计方案的有效性。
In recent years, food safety cases have occurred repeatedly. A safe, credible and transparent food safety tracing system is urgently needed to strengthen whole chain regulation on the food industry, improve the level of food security and protect public health. The problems with the current food safety tracing system are mainly concentrated on unstandardized information collection, unsafe data storage, the vulnerable central system, and unprotected privacy during information exchange between enterprises. Block chain technology, with the characteristics of distributed fault tolerance, anti-tampering and privacy protection, can be targeted to solve the problems with the current food safety tracing system. For the above purpose, this paper presents a block chain-based food safety tracing system. First of all, by analyzing the technical structure and properly introducing the block chain into food safety tracing system, block chain technology can be applied to the system's database layer and communication layer. Then, the operation mechanism of the food safety tracing system is analyzed, and the effectiveness of the design scheme can be demonstrated by combining the speci?c application scenarios and practical cases.
In recent years, food safety cases have occurred repeatedly. A safe, credible and transparent food safety tracing system is urgently needed to strengthen whole chain regulation on the food industry, improve the level of food security and protect public health. The problems with the current food safety tracing system are mainly concentrated on unstandardized information collection, unsafe data storage, the vulnerable central system, and unprotected privacy during information exchange between enterprises. Block chain technology, with the characteristics of distributed fault tolerance, anti-tampering and privacy protection, can be targeted to solve the problems with the current food safety tracing system. For the above purpose, this paper presents a block chain-based food safety tracing system. First of all, by analyzing the technical structure and properly introducing the block chain into food safety tracing system, block chain technology can be applied to the system's database layer and communication layer. Then, the operation mechanism of the food safety tracing system is analyzed, and the effectiveness of the design scheme can be demonstrated by combining the speci?c application scenarios and practical cases.
引文
[1]袁小农.我国食品安全的信用与执法机制研究[J].食品安全导刊,2016(12):32-33.
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[4]JIN S,ZHANG Y,XU Y.Amount of information and the willingness of consumers to pay for food traceability in China[J].Food Control,2017,77:163-170.DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.012.
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[6]WANG J,YUE H,ZHOU Z.An improved traceability system for food quality assurance and evaluation based on fuzzy classification and neural network[J].Food Control,2017,79:363-370.
[7]孙明.基于物联网的食品溯源系统设计及实现[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015:2-3.
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[9]颜波,王欣妮,冯子祺.物联网环境下的农产品安全可追溯监管体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(14):152-159.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2016.14.027.
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[15]周灼能,蔡银笔,黄梅兰,等.质量追溯系统在乌龙茶产品中的应用[J].中国茶叶,2014,36(7):4-6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3150.2014.07.002.
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[23]张锐.基于区块链的传统金融变革与创新[J].西南金融,2016(10):18-23.
[24]KEN A.Digital blockchain networks appear to be following Metcalfe’s Law[J].Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2017,24:23-29.
[25]顾彦.区块链+大数据:给数据“加戳”、“加密”[J].中国战略新兴产业,2016(19):38-40.
[26]王皓,宋祥福,柯俊明,等.数字货币中的区块链及其隐私保护机制[J].信息网络安全,2017(7):32-39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2017.07.005.
[27]梁斌.从“比特币挖矿”看区块链技术的共识机制[J].中国金融电脑,2016(9):45-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0734.2016.09.008.
[28]OKADA H,YAMASAKI S,BRACAMONTE V.Proposed classification of blockchains based on authority and incentive d i m e n s i o n s[C]//I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n A d v a n c e d Communication Technology.IEEE,2017:593-597.
[29]刘德林.区块链智能合约技术在金融领域的研发应用现状、问题及建议[J].海南金融,2016(10):27-31.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9031.2016.10.05.
[30]YUAN Y,WANG F Y.Blockchain:the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016:1-2.
[31]左春,梁赓,徐昊,等.区块链技术与传统软件技术对比分析[J].信息技术与标准化,2017(5):23-27.
[32]张雄,蒋德权.联盟链、联盟网的模型构建及其控制权分析[J].市场周刊(理论研究),2008(6):20-21;28.
[33]祝烈煌,高峰,沈蒙,等.区块链隐私保护研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展,2017,54(10):2170-2186.DOI:10.7544/issn1000-1239.2017.20170471.
[34]孙旭.基于NFC技术的生鲜农产品供应链可追溯系统设计及应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016:1-2.
[35]童恩栋,沈强,雷君,等.物联网情景感知技术研究[J].计算机科学,2011,38(4):9-14;20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-137X.2011.04.002.
[36]黄涛.物联网环境下测量与控制系统的通信网络体系结构设计与实现[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016:1-2.
[37]李赫,孙继飞,杨泳,等.基于区块链2.0的以太坊初探[J].中国金融电脑,2017(6):57-60.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0734.2017.06.013.
[38]袁亮.时间戳在区块链技术中的运用研究[J].中国化工贸易,2017,9(15):109-110.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5167.2017.15.102.
[39]高志豪.公有链和联盟链的道法术器[J].金卡工程,2017(3):35-39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2498.2017.03.014.
[40]郑慕蓉.茶叶质量安全可追溯体系构建及应用[C]//贵阳:中国科学技术协会、贵州省人民政府,2013:6.
[41]侯宝佳.基于智能手机和RFID技术的农产品物流信息系统[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:1-2.
[42]席红旗,常晓鹏.一种基于非对称加密算法和哈希函数的数字签名方案研究[J].河南教育学院学报(自然科学版),2012,21(1):36-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0834.2012.01.012.
[43]董道鹏.我国数字时间戳时间溯源系统研究及实现[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008:4-8.
[44]南楠.基于RFID技术的肉制食品溯源系统设计[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(8):1-3;5.
[45]仝新顺,杨丽华.双汇“瘦肉精”事件的反思[J].企业研究,2011(9):10-12.
[2]AIELLO D,DE LUCA D,GIONFRIDDO E,et al.Review:multistage mass spectrometry in quality,safety and origin of foods[J].European Journal of Mass Spectrometry,2011,17(1):1-31.
[3]OTTO K.Food safety legislation regarding of aflatoxins contamination[J].ACTA Universitatis Cibiniensis,2015,67(1):149-154.
[4]JIN S,ZHANG Y,XU Y.Amount of information and the willingness of consumers to pay for food traceability in China[J].Food Control,2017,77:163-170.DOI:10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.02.012.
[5]KIM Y G,WOO E.Consumer acceptance of a quick response(QR)code for the food traceability system:application of an extended technology acceptance model(TAM)[J].Food Research International,2016,85:266-272.
[6]WANG J,YUE H,ZHOU Z.An improved traceability system for food quality assurance and evaluation based on fuzzy classification and neural network[J].Food Control,2017,79:363-370.
[7]孙明.基于物联网的食品溯源系统设计及实现[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2015:2-3.
[8]刘刚.食品安全视角下的食品供应链协同模式及机制[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):581-584.
[9]颜波,王欣妮,冯子祺.物联网环境下的农产品安全可追溯监管体系研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(14):152-159.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7695.2016.14.027.
[10]陈秉恒,钟涨宝.基于物联网的农产品供应链安全监管问题研究[J].华中农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(4):49-55.
[11]DANDAGE K,BADIA-MELIS R,RUIZ-GARCIA L.Indian perspective in food traceability:a review[J].Food Control,2017,71:217-227.
[12]徐义吉.去中心化是区块链的精髓所在[J].华东科技,2016(10):32-35.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8465.2016.10.006.
[13]SULLIVAN C,BURGER E.E-residency and blockchain[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2017,33(4):470-481.
[14]刘萍.构建我国食品溯源体系的对策[J].中外食品,2014(5):42-44.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-8895.2014.05.025.
[15]周灼能,蔡银笔,黄梅兰,等.质量追溯系统在乌龙茶产品中的应用[J].中国茶叶,2014,36(7):4-6.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3150.2014.07.002.
[16]GOVINDAN K.Sustainable consumption and production in the food supply chain:a conceptual framework[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2017,195:419-431.DOI:10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.03.003.
[17]小肖.国际标准化组织推出食品溯源新标准[J].福建质量技术监督,2007(10):42-43.
[18]余林生,赵静,张友华,等.基于供应链的蜂产品可溯源问题研究[J].中国蜂业,2009,60(6):40-41.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0412-4367.2009.06.025.
[19]路琨,赵涛.制造型企业产品可追溯性的研究与实现[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2006(5):100-102.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-2265.2006.05.032.
[20]ORTEGA D L,WANG H H,WU L,et al.Modeling heterogeneity in consumer preferences for select food safety attributes in China[J].Food Policy,2011,36(2):318-324.DOI:10.1016/J.Foodpol.2010.11.030.
[21]HUCKLE S,BHATTACHARVA R,WHITE M,et al.Internet of things,blockchain and shared economy applications[J].Procedia Computer Science,2016,98:461-466.
[22]SWAN M.Blockchain:blueprint for a new economy[M].US:O’Reilly Media,Inc.,2015:20-22.
[23]张锐.基于区块链的传统金融变革与创新[J].西南金融,2016(10):18-23.
[24]KEN A.Digital blockchain networks appear to be following Metcalfe’s Law[J].Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,2017,24:23-29.
[25]顾彦.区块链+大数据:给数据“加戳”、“加密”[J].中国战略新兴产业,2016(19):38-40.
[26]王皓,宋祥福,柯俊明,等.数字货币中的区块链及其隐私保护机制[J].信息网络安全,2017(7):32-39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1122.2017.07.005.
[27]梁斌.从“比特币挖矿”看区块链技术的共识机制[J].中国金融电脑,2016(9):45-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0734.2016.09.008.
[28]OKADA H,YAMASAKI S,BRACAMONTE V.Proposed classification of blockchains based on authority and incentive d i m e n s i o n s[C]//I n t e r n a t i o n a l C o n f e r e n c e o n A d v a n c e d Communication Technology.IEEE,2017:593-597.
[29]刘德林.区块链智能合约技术在金融领域的研发应用现状、问题及建议[J].海南金融,2016(10):27-31.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9031.2016.10.05.
[30]YUAN Y,WANG F Y.Blockchain:the state of the art and future trends[J].Acta Automatica Sinica,2016:1-2.
[31]左春,梁赓,徐昊,等.区块链技术与传统软件技术对比分析[J].信息技术与标准化,2017(5):23-27.
[32]张雄,蒋德权.联盟链、联盟网的模型构建及其控制权分析[J].市场周刊(理论研究),2008(6):20-21;28.
[33]祝烈煌,高峰,沈蒙,等.区块链隐私保护研究综述[J].计算机研究与发展,2017,54(10):2170-2186.DOI:10.7544/issn1000-1239.2017.20170471.
[34]孙旭.基于NFC技术的生鲜农产品供应链可追溯系统设计及应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2016:1-2.
[35]童恩栋,沈强,雷君,等.物联网情景感知技术研究[J].计算机科学,2011,38(4):9-14;20.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-137X.2011.04.002.
[36]黄涛.物联网环境下测量与控制系统的通信网络体系结构设计与实现[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2016:1-2.
[37]李赫,孙继飞,杨泳,等.基于区块链2.0的以太坊初探[J].中国金融电脑,2017(6):57-60.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0734.2017.06.013.
[38]袁亮.时间戳在区块链技术中的运用研究[J].中国化工贸易,2017,9(15):109-110.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5167.2017.15.102.
[39]高志豪.公有链和联盟链的道法术器[J].金卡工程,2017(3):35-39.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2498.2017.03.014.
[40]郑慕蓉.茶叶质量安全可追溯体系构建及应用[C]//贵阳:中国科学技术协会、贵州省人民政府,2013:6.
[41]侯宝佳.基于智能手机和RFID技术的农产品物流信息系统[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010:1-2.
[42]席红旗,常晓鹏.一种基于非对称加密算法和哈希函数的数字签名方案研究[J].河南教育学院学报(自然科学版),2012,21(1):36-37.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0834.2012.01.012.
[43]董道鹏.我国数字时间戳时间溯源系统研究及实现[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2008:4-8.
[44]南楠.基于RFID技术的肉制食品溯源系统设计[J].现代畜牧科技,2016(8):1-3;5.
[45]仝新顺,杨丽华.双汇“瘦肉精”事件的反思[J].企业研究,2011(9):10-12.