体外法评价日间不同刈割时间和茬次对初花期紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响
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摘要
为明确日间不同刈割时间和茬次对初花期紫花苜蓿青贮饲料品质的影响,对两茬紫花苜蓿于初花期同一天08:00、13:00和18:00刈割并调制青贮饲料,室温下保存45d后,取样分析并采用体外法评价其饲用价值。结果表明,不同日间刈割时间和茬次对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的干物质含量,相对饲喂价值及干物质体外消化率有显著差异(P<0.05)。随着刈割时间从早上推迟到下午,紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的粗蛋白质含量、中性洗涤纤维体外消化率及体外发酵总挥发性脂肪酸、产气量显著增加(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著降低(P<0.05)。第1茬紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的干物质、粗蛋白质含量、相对饲喂价值、干物质体外消化率及产气量均显著高于第2茬(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量显著低于第2茬(P<0.05)。因此,在调制初花期紫花苜蓿青贮饲料时,应优先考虑第1茬且推迟刈割时间至午后。
The effects of diurnal shift and clipping stubbles on alfalfa silage quality in the initial flowering stage were studied.Initial flowering stage alfalfa was harvested twice at 08:00,13:00,and 18:00 on a sunny day.Silages were prepared using a laboratory scale system without wilting,and stored at ambient temperature for 45 days.Then the samples were collected and in vitro method was used to evaluate their feeding value.The results showed that the effect interaction of different diurnal harvest times and clipping stubbles on dry matter content,relative feed value and in vitro DM digestibility of alfalfa silages were significant(P<0.05).With delaying the harvest times to afternoon,alfalfa silages had higher(P<0.05)crude protein content,in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility and the in vitro total volatile fatty acids concentrations and gas productions,but lower(P<0.05)NDF and acid detergent fiber concentrations.Compared to the second cutting alfalfa silages,the DM and CP contents,RFV,IVNDFD,and gas productions of the first cutting alfalfa silages were significantly higher(P<0.05),with the lower(P<0.05)NDF and ADF concentrations.These results suggested that during the initial flowering stage,alfalfa harvest for silage should take precedence over the first cutting and delaying the harvest time to the afternoon.
The effects of diurnal shift and clipping stubbles on alfalfa silage quality in the initial flowering stage were studied.Initial flowering stage alfalfa was harvested twice at 08:00,13:00,and 18:00 on a sunny day.Silages were prepared using a laboratory scale system without wilting,and stored at ambient temperature for 45 days.Then the samples were collected and in vitro method was used to evaluate their feeding value.The results showed that the effect interaction of different diurnal harvest times and clipping stubbles on dry matter content,relative feed value and in vitro DM digestibility of alfalfa silages were significant(P<0.05).With delaying the harvest times to afternoon,alfalfa silages had higher(P<0.05)crude protein content,in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility and the in vitro total volatile fatty acids concentrations and gas productions,but lower(P<0.05)NDF and acid detergent fiber concentrations.Compared to the second cutting alfalfa silages,the DM and CP contents,RFV,IVNDFD,and gas productions of the first cutting alfalfa silages were significantly higher(P<0.05),with the lower(P<0.05)NDF and ADF concentrations.These results suggested that during the initial flowering stage,alfalfa harvest for silage should take precedence over the first cutting and delaying the harvest time to the afternoon.
引文
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[15]蒋利芳,史静,陈伟,等.6个商品添加剂对两个刈割茬次紫花苜蓿裹包青贮品质的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):42-47,56.
[16]李光耀,张力君,孙启忠,等.苜蓿不同生育期营养特性的对比分析研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(5):45-46,50.
[17] BLüMMEL M,MAKKAR H P,BECKER K,et al.In vitro gas production:a technique revisited[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1997,77(5):24-34.
[18] ZHANG H,WU S,XIE J.Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2017,101:44-50.
[2]赵海明,武瑞鑫,李源,等.紫花苜蓿不同茬次及年际间生产性能的动态规律[J].草地学报,2016,24(6):1 349-1 357.
[3]王丽学,冯婧,马强,等.不同刈割时期和留茬高度紫花苜蓿品质动态研究[J].中国饲料,2018(3):40-44.
[4] OWENS V N,ALBRECHT K A,MUCK R E,et al.Protein degradation and fermentation characteristics of unwilted red clover and alfalfa silage harvested at various times during the day[J].Grass and Forage Science,2002,57(4):329-341.
[5] LONGLAND A,THEODOROU M K,SANDERSON R,et al.Non-starch polysaccharide composition and in vitro fermentability of tropical forage legumes varying in phenolic content[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,1995,55(3):161-177.
[6]张丽英.饲料分析及饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007:49-74.
[7]侯美玲,刘庭玉,孙林,等.华北地区紫花苜蓿适宜刈割物候期及留茬高度的研究[J].草原与草业,2016,28(2):43-51.
[8] BRODERICK G A,KANG J H.Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1980,63(1):64-75.
[9]郭刚,霍文婕,张拴林,等.添加肠球菌对收获籽实后玉米秸秆青贮品质及体外发酵特性的影响[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2016,36(7):461-466.
[10]李满双,薛树媛,郭天龙,等.贮藏时间对沙柳混合发酵饲料营养成分及体外消化率的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(2):655-662.
[11] AGARWAL N,KAMRA D N,CHAUDHARY L C,et al.Microbial status and rumen enzyme profile of crossbred calves fed on different microbial feed additives[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2002,34(5):329-336.
[12] MORIN C,BELANGER G,TREMBLAY G F,et al.Diurnal variations of nonstructural carbohydrates and nutritive value in alfalfa[J].Crop Science,2011,51(3):1 297-1 306.
[13] BURNS J C,FISHER D S,MAYLAND H F,et al.Diurnal shifts in nutritive value of alfalfa harvested as hay and evaluated by animal intake and digestion[J].Crop Science,2007,47(5):2 190-2 197.
[14] ALGHUMAIZ N S,LEEP R H,DIETZ T S,et al.Influence of cutting time on alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)sugar content and silage fermentation[J].Forage and Grazing Lands,2006,4(1):317-324.
[15]蒋利芳,史静,陈伟,等.6个商品添加剂对两个刈割茬次紫花苜蓿裹包青贮品质的影响[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(6):42-47,56.
[16]李光耀,张力君,孙启忠,等.苜蓿不同生育期营养特性的对比分析研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(5):45-46,50.
[17] BLüMMEL M,MAKKAR H P,BECKER K,et al.In vitro gas production:a technique revisited[J].Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,1997,77(5):24-34.
[18] ZHANG H,WU S,XIE J.Evaluation of the effects of isolated lignin on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose[J].Enzyme and Microbial Technology,2017,101:44-50.