肿瘤患者深静脉血栓风险评估工具的研究进展
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摘要
<正>深静脉血栓(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)是指血液在深静脉腔内不正常的凝结,阻塞静脉腔,导致静脉回流阻碍,多见于下肢。DVT形成和肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)并称为静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)~([1])。DVT是肿瘤患者的重要死亡原因~([2-4]),一般患者的DVT的发生率为0.05%～0.1%~([5-6]),肿瘤患者DVT的发生率要比一般患者高出4～7倍~([7-8])。采取合适的预防措施,可以将DVT的相对风险降低50%～60%,PE
引文
[1]陈孝平,汪建平.外科学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:518-519.
[2]JOHNSON M J,SHEARD L,MARAVEYAS A,et al.Diagnosis and management of people with venous thromboembolism and advanced cancer:how do doctors decide?A qualitative study[J].BMC Med Inform Decis Mak,2012,12(20):75.
[3]崔志刚,孔棣.恶性肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症研究进展[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2013,19(1):97-99.
[4]GALANAUD J P,SEVESTRE M A,PERNOD G,et al.Long-term outcomes of cancer-related isolated distal deep vein thrombosis:the OPTIMEV study[J].JThromb Haemost,2017,15(5):907-916.
[5]DHARMARAJAH B,SOUNDERAJAH V,ROWLANDS P,et al.Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis:a systematic review[J].Phlebology,2015,30(2):77-84.
[6]ANNAMALA I A,KIM I,SUNDARAM V,et al.Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis after liver transplantation[J].Transplant Proc,2014,46(10):3564-3569.
[7]BLOM J W,DOGGEN CJ,OSANTO S,et al.Malignancies,prothrombotic mutations,and the risk of venous thrombosis[J].JAMA,2005,293(6):715-722.
[8]DANILENKO-DIXON D R,HEIT J A,SILVERSTEINM D,et al.Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum:a population-based,case-control study[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2001,184(2):104-110.
[9]HILL J,TREASURE T.Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital:summary of NICE guidance[J].BMJ,2010,340(7740):259-260.
[10]FALCK-YTTER Y,FRANCIS C W,JOHANSON N A.Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients:Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis,9th ed:American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines[J].Chest,2012,141(2Suppl):e278S-e325S.
[11]GUSSONI G,FRASSON S,LA REGINA M,et al.Three-month mortality rate and clinical predictors in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer.Findings from the RIETE registry[J].Thromb Res,2013,131(1):24-30.
[12]陈明莹,朱瑞霞.脑瘤术后预防下肢深静脉血栓的临床护理观察[J].临床医药文献杂志:电子版,2015,2(30):6275-6278.
[13]HORANA A A,KUDERER N M,CULAKOVA E,et al.Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis[J].Blood,2008,111(10):4902-4907.
[14]KHORANA A A,MCCRAE K R.Risk stratification strategies for cancer-associated thrombosis:an update[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl 2):S35-S38.
[15]VERSO M,AGNELLI G.New strategies of VTE prevention in cancer patients[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl2):S128-S132.
[16]YOUNG A,CHAPMAN O,CONNOR C,et al.Thrombosis and cancer[J].Nat Rev Clin Oncol,2012,9(8):437-449.
[17]MANDALA M,FALANGE A,ROILA F.Management of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in cancer patients:ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines[J].Ann Oncol,2011,22(Suppl 6):i85-i92.
[18]张雪.肿瘤患者血栓风险评估及其高凝状态下早期干预的临床意义[D].石家庄:河北医科大学,2016.
[19]MANSIFIELD A S,TAFUR A J.Predictors of active cancer thromboembolic outcomes:validation of the Khorana score among patients with lung cancer:reply[J].J Thromb Haemost,2017,15(3):591-592.
[20]VAN ES N,FRANKE VF,MIDDELDORP S,et al.The Khorana score for the prediction of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer[J].Thromb Res,2017(150):30-32.
[21]RUPA-MATYSEK J,GIL L,KAZMIERCZK M,et al.Prediction of venous thromboembolism in newly diagnosed patients treated for lymphoid malignancies:validation of the Khorana risk score[J].Med Oncol,2017,35(1):5.
[22]METCALF R L,AL-HADITHI E,HOPLEY N,et al.Characterisation and risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in gastrointestinal cancers[J].World J Gastrointest Oncol,2017,9(9):363-371.
[23]PALUMBO A,RAJKUMAR S V,DIMOPOULOS MA,et al.Prevention of thalidomide-and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma[J].Leukemia,2008,22(2):414-423.
[24]Palumbo A,Cavo M,Bringhen S,et al.Aspirin,warfarin,or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide:a phaseⅢ,open-label,randomized trial[J].J Clin Oncol,2011,29(8):986-993.
[25]杨静宜,宋永平.恶性肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症研究进展[J].中华血液学杂志,2014,35(10):97-99.
[26]ARCELUS J I,CANDOCIA S,TRAVERSO C I,et al.Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and risk assessment in medical patients[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,1991,17(Suppl 3):313-318.
[27]CAPRINI J A,ARCELUS J I,HASTY J H,et al.Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,1991,17(Suppl 3):304-312.
[28]CAPRINI J A.Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care[J].Dis Mon,2005,51(2-3):70-78.
[29]CAPRINI J A.Risk assessment as a guide for the prevention of the many faces of venous thromboembolism[J].Am J Surg,2010,199(Suppl 1):S3-S10.
[30]孙效棠,王万明,王辉,等.恶性肿瘤患者髋部骨折围术期血栓事件的对照研究[J].中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志,2018,4(2):92-97.
[31]马军,吴一龙,秦叔逵,等.肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症的预防与治疗中国专家指南(2015版)[J].中国肿瘤临床,2015,42(20):979-991.
[32]STROUD W,WHITWORTH J M,MIKLIC M,et al.Validation of a venous thromboembolism risk assessment model in gynecologic oncology[J].Gynecol Oncol,2014,134(1):160-163.
[33]CLAYBURGH D R,STOTT W,CORDIERO T,et al.Prospective study of venous thromboembolism in patients with head and neck cancer after surgery[J].JAMAOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2013,139(11):1143-1150.
[34]ABDEL-RAZEQ H N,HIJJAWI S B,JALLAD S G,et al.Venous thromboembolism risk stratification in medically-ill hospitalized cancer patients.A comprehensive cancer center experience[J].J Thromb Thrombolysis,2010,30(3):286-293.
[35]王首骏,王帅兵,王彤,等.乳腺癌术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素及血栓风险评估[J].中国肿瘤临床,2017,44(23):1199-1203.
[36]XU JX,DONG J,REN H,et al.Incidence and risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients admitted to intensive care unit for postoperative care[J].JBUON,2018,23(1):500-506.
[37]WELLS P S,HIRSH J,ANDERSON D R,et al.Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis[J].Lancet,1995,345(8961):1326-1330.
[38]WELLS P S,ANDERSON D R,RODGER M,et al.Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis[J].N Engl J Med,2003,349(13):1227-1235.
[39]MICHIELS J J,MOOSORFF W,MAASLAND H,et al.Duplex ultrasound,clinical score,thrombotic risk,and D-dimer testing for evidence based diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis and alternative diagnoses in the primary care setting and outpatient ward[J].Int Angiol,2014,33(1):1-19.
[40]SINGH G,RATHI A K,SINGH K,et al.Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients magnitude of problem,approach,and management[J].Indian J Cancer,2017,54(1):308-312.
[41]申丽华,张忠伟,朱彪.肿瘤并发静脉血栓形成196例临床分析[J].中国癌症杂志,2016,26(4):338-345.
[42]MAKSIMOVIC M,MAKSIMOVIC M,GOJNIC M,et al.Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer and early detection of venous thromboembolism[J].Eur J Gynaecol Oncol,2011,32(4):415-418.
[43]林茂煌,张伟林,张盛斌,等.Wells评分对恶性肿瘤患者的肺栓塞诊断价值[J].中华临床医师杂志:电子版,2016,10(6):895-897.
[44]AUTAR R.Nursing assessment of clients at risk of deep vein thrombosis(DVT):the Autar DVT scale[J].J Adv Nurs,1996,23(4):763-770.
[45]AUTAR R.The management of deep vein thrombosis:the Autar DVT risk assessment scale re-visited[J].J Orthopaedic Nurs,2003,7(3):114-124.
[46]陈晓洁,汪永坚,俞菁菁,等.Autar量表在预防乳腺癌术后并发下肢深静脉血栓形成应用的效果观察[J].护理研究,2016,30(19):2414-2415.
[47]詹爱丁,蒋国洪.改良Autar量表在妇科肿瘤术后深静脉血栓预防中的应用[J].全科护理,2017,15(25):3142-3143.
[2]JOHNSON M J,SHEARD L,MARAVEYAS A,et al.Diagnosis and management of people with venous thromboembolism and advanced cancer:how do doctors decide?A qualitative study[J].BMC Med Inform Decis Mak,2012,12(20):75.
[3]崔志刚,孔棣.恶性肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症研究进展[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2013,19(1):97-99.
[4]GALANAUD J P,SEVESTRE M A,PERNOD G,et al.Long-term outcomes of cancer-related isolated distal deep vein thrombosis:the OPTIMEV study[J].JThromb Haemost,2017,15(5):907-916.
[5]DHARMARAJAH B,SOUNDERAJAH V,ROWLANDS P,et al.Aging techniques for deep vein thrombosis:a systematic review[J].Phlebology,2015,30(2):77-84.
[6]ANNAMALA I A,KIM I,SUNDARAM V,et al.Incidence and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis after liver transplantation[J].Transplant Proc,2014,46(10):3564-3569.
[7]BLOM J W,DOGGEN CJ,OSANTO S,et al.Malignancies,prothrombotic mutations,and the risk of venous thrombosis[J].JAMA,2005,293(6):715-722.
[8]DANILENKO-DIXON D R,HEIT J A,SILVERSTEINM D,et al.Risk factors for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy or post partum:a population-based,case-control study[J].Am J Obstet Gynecol,2001,184(2):104-110.
[9]HILL J,TREASURE T.Reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism in patients admitted to hospital:summary of NICE guidance[J].BMJ,2010,340(7740):259-260.
[10]FALCK-YTTER Y,FRANCIS C W,JOHANSON N A.Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients:Antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis,9th ed:American college of chest physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines[J].Chest,2012,141(2Suppl):e278S-e325S.
[11]GUSSONI G,FRASSON S,LA REGINA M,et al.Three-month mortality rate and clinical predictors in patients with venous thromboembolism and cancer.Findings from the RIETE registry[J].Thromb Res,2013,131(1):24-30.
[12]陈明莹,朱瑞霞.脑瘤术后预防下肢深静脉血栓的临床护理观察[J].临床医药文献杂志:电子版,2015,2(30):6275-6278.
[13]HORANA A A,KUDERER N M,CULAKOVA E,et al.Development and validation of a predictive model for chemotherapy-associated thrombosis[J].Blood,2008,111(10):4902-4907.
[14]KHORANA A A,MCCRAE K R.Risk stratification strategies for cancer-associated thrombosis:an update[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl 2):S35-S38.
[15]VERSO M,AGNELLI G.New strategies of VTE prevention in cancer patients[J].Thromb Res,2014,133(Suppl2):S128-S132.
[16]YOUNG A,CHAPMAN O,CONNOR C,et al.Thrombosis and cancer[J].Nat Rev Clin Oncol,2012,9(8):437-449.
[17]MANDALA M,FALANGE A,ROILA F.Management of venous thromboembolism(VTE)in cancer patients:ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines[J].Ann Oncol,2011,22(Suppl 6):i85-i92.
[18]张雪.肿瘤患者血栓风险评估及其高凝状态下早期干预的临床意义[D].石家庄:河北医科大学,2016.
[19]MANSIFIELD A S,TAFUR A J.Predictors of active cancer thromboembolic outcomes:validation of the Khorana score among patients with lung cancer:reply[J].J Thromb Haemost,2017,15(3):591-592.
[20]VAN ES N,FRANKE VF,MIDDELDORP S,et al.The Khorana score for the prediction of venous thromboembolism in patients with pancreatic cancer[J].Thromb Res,2017(150):30-32.
[21]RUPA-MATYSEK J,GIL L,KAZMIERCZK M,et al.Prediction of venous thromboembolism in newly diagnosed patients treated for lymphoid malignancies:validation of the Khorana risk score[J].Med Oncol,2017,35(1):5.
[22]METCALF R L,AL-HADITHI E,HOPLEY N,et al.Characterisation and risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in gastrointestinal cancers[J].World J Gastrointest Oncol,2017,9(9):363-371.
[23]PALUMBO A,RAJKUMAR S V,DIMOPOULOS MA,et al.Prevention of thalidomide-and lenalidomide-associated thrombosis in myeloma[J].Leukemia,2008,22(2):414-423.
[24]Palumbo A,Cavo M,Bringhen S,et al.Aspirin,warfarin,or enoxaparin thromboprophylaxis in patients with multiple myeloma treated with thalidomide:a phaseⅢ,open-label,randomized trial[J].J Clin Oncol,2011,29(8):986-993.
[25]杨静宜,宋永平.恶性肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症研究进展[J].中华血液学杂志,2014,35(10):97-99.
[26]ARCELUS J I,CANDOCIA S,TRAVERSO C I,et al.Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and risk assessment in medical patients[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,1991,17(Suppl 3):313-318.
[27]CAPRINI J A,ARCELUS J I,HASTY J H,et al.Clinical assessment of venous thromboembolic risk in surgical patients[J].Semin Thromb Hemost,1991,17(Suppl 3):304-312.
[28]CAPRINI J A.Thrombosis risk assessment as a guide to quality patient care[J].Dis Mon,2005,51(2-3):70-78.
[29]CAPRINI J A.Risk assessment as a guide for the prevention of the many faces of venous thromboembolism[J].Am J Surg,2010,199(Suppl 1):S3-S10.
[30]孙效棠,王万明,王辉,等.恶性肿瘤患者髋部骨折围术期血栓事件的对照研究[J].中华老年骨科与康复电子杂志,2018,4(2):92-97.
[31]马军,吴一龙,秦叔逵,等.肿瘤相关静脉血栓栓塞症的预防与治疗中国专家指南(2015版)[J].中国肿瘤临床,2015,42(20):979-991.
[32]STROUD W,WHITWORTH J M,MIKLIC M,et al.Validation of a venous thromboembolism risk assessment model in gynecologic oncology[J].Gynecol Oncol,2014,134(1):160-163.
[33]CLAYBURGH D R,STOTT W,CORDIERO T,et al.Prospective study of venous thromboembolism in patients with head and neck cancer after surgery[J].JAMAOtolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2013,139(11):1143-1150.
[34]ABDEL-RAZEQ H N,HIJJAWI S B,JALLAD S G,et al.Venous thromboembolism risk stratification in medically-ill hospitalized cancer patients.A comprehensive cancer center experience[J].J Thromb Thrombolysis,2010,30(3):286-293.
[35]王首骏,王帅兵,王彤,等.乳腺癌术后发生下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素及血栓风险评估[J].中国肿瘤临床,2017,44(23):1199-1203.
[36]XU JX,DONG J,REN H,et al.Incidence and risk assessment of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients admitted to intensive care unit for postoperative care[J].JBUON,2018,23(1):500-506.
[37]WELLS P S,HIRSH J,ANDERSON D R,et al.Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis[J].Lancet,1995,345(8961):1326-1330.
[38]WELLS P S,ANDERSON D R,RODGER M,et al.Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis[J].N Engl J Med,2003,349(13):1227-1235.
[39]MICHIELS J J,MOOSORFF W,MAASLAND H,et al.Duplex ultrasound,clinical score,thrombotic risk,and D-dimer testing for evidence based diagnosis and management of deep vein thrombosis and alternative diagnoses in the primary care setting and outpatient ward[J].Int Angiol,2014,33(1):1-19.
[40]SINGH G,RATHI A K,SINGH K,et al.Venous thromboembolism in cancer patients magnitude of problem,approach,and management[J].Indian J Cancer,2017,54(1):308-312.
[41]申丽华,张忠伟,朱彪.肿瘤并发静脉血栓形成196例临床分析[J].中国癌症杂志,2016,26(4):338-345.
[42]MAKSIMOVIC M,MAKSIMOVIC M,GOJNIC M,et al.Surgical treatment of ovarian cancer and early detection of venous thromboembolism[J].Eur J Gynaecol Oncol,2011,32(4):415-418.
[43]林茂煌,张伟林,张盛斌,等.Wells评分对恶性肿瘤患者的肺栓塞诊断价值[J].中华临床医师杂志:电子版,2016,10(6):895-897.
[44]AUTAR R.Nursing assessment of clients at risk of deep vein thrombosis(DVT):the Autar DVT scale[J].J Adv Nurs,1996,23(4):763-770.
[45]AUTAR R.The management of deep vein thrombosis:the Autar DVT risk assessment scale re-visited[J].J Orthopaedic Nurs,2003,7(3):114-124.
[46]陈晓洁,汪永坚,俞菁菁,等.Autar量表在预防乳腺癌术后并发下肢深静脉血栓形成应用的效果观察[J].护理研究,2016,30(19):2414-2415.
[47]詹爱丁,蒋国洪.改良Autar量表在妇科肿瘤术后深静脉血栓预防中的应用[J].全科护理,2017,15(25):3142-3143.