思茅松林下三七上节肢动物群落组成结构及多样性分析
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摘要
【目的】研究思茅松林下三七上节肢动物群落组成结构及多样性,为思茅松林下天敌的保护利用及三七害虫综合防控提供参考。【方法】2017年3月—2018年6月,以云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡思茅松林下三七种植基地为试验点,采用网捕法和目测法调查思茅松林下种植三七上节肢动物群落的组成结构及多样性。【结果】在云南澜沧县竹塘乡思茅松林下三七上共采集到节肢动物2纲11目33科40种2544头,其中害虫亚群落18种1414头,占物种总数和个体总数的45.00%和55.58%;天敌亚群落17种906头,其中捕食性天敌16种897头,占节肢动物群落物种总数和个体总数的40.00%和35.34%,寄生性天敌1种9头,占节肢动物群落物种总数和个体总数的2.50%和0.28%;中性昆虫亚群落5种224头,占节肢动物群落物种总数和个体总数的12.50%和8.81%。近十似条螽(Ducetia nica)和黄脸油葫芦(Teleogryllus emma)是思茅松林下三七上害虫的优势种,相对多度分别为17.57%和21.78%,丽长足虻(Condylostylus sp.)是三七上主要的优势天敌,相对多度为5.82%。思茅林下三七上节肢动物群落中害虫亚群落的个体数(N)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Pielou均匀度指数(J′)、Margale丰富度指数(D)与总群落各特征指数相近。【结论】云南省普洱市澜沧县竹塘乡思茅松林下三七上节肢动物群落物种多样性丰富。在加强对近十似条螽和黄脸油葫芦等害虫优势种监测预警的同时,要加强对异色瓢虫、丽长足虻、长脚盲蛛和黑带食蚜蝇等自然天敌的保护。
【Objective】Arthropod community composition structure and the diversity in the system of understory planted Panax notoginseng in Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis forest were studied to provide reference for protection and utilization of natural enemy in P. kesiya forest and comprehensive control of P. notoginseng pests.【Method】A investigation on the arthropod community composition structure and the diversity in the system of understory planted P. notoginseng in P. kesiya forest was carried out in Lancang,Pu'er,Yunnan from Mach of 2017 to June,2018,by using the sweep net and visual inspection.【Result】There were 2544 individual arthropods in 40 species,33 families,11 orders and 2 classes on understory planted P. notoginseng in P. kesiya forest,there were 1414 individuals belonging to 18 species of pest sub-community,which amounted to 45.00% and 55.58% for the species and individual numbers. There were 906 individuals of natural enemies in 17 sub-communities,among them,897 individuals of predators belonged to 16 species,accounted for 40.00% and 35.34% of the total species and individuals in the arthropod community. There were nine individuals of parasitic natural enemies in one sub-community,accounted for 2.50% and 0.28% of the total species and individuals in the arthropod community. There were 224 individuals belonging to 5 species in neutral sub-communities,accounting for 12.50% and 8.81% of the total species and individuals. Pests Ducetia nica and Teleogryllus emma were dominant species on P. notoginseng under the forest of P. kesiya,whose relative abundances were 17.57% and 21.78%. Condylostylus sp. was the major dominant species of natural enemies with relative abundance of 5.82%. The individual number(N),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H ′),Pielou evenness index(J ′),Margale abundance index(D)of pest sub-community in arthropod community under P. kesiya forest were close to those of total community.【Conclusion】The arthropod community is rich in species and diversity on P. notoginseng under the forest of P. kesiya in Zhutang,Lancang,Pu'er,Yunnan. Among them,Ducetia nica and T. emma are the dominant species,and Harmonia axyridis,Condylostylus sp.,Leiobunum species and Epistrophe balteata were the dominant species of natural enemies. In addition to the monitoring and warning of D. nica and T. emma,the protection of natural predators such as H. axyridis,Condylostylus sp.,L. species and E. balteata should be strengthened.
【Objective】Arthropod community composition structure and the diversity in the system of understory planted Panax notoginseng in Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis forest were studied to provide reference for protection and utilization of natural enemy in P. kesiya forest and comprehensive control of P. notoginseng pests.【Method】A investigation on the arthropod community composition structure and the diversity in the system of understory planted P. notoginseng in P. kesiya forest was carried out in Lancang,Pu'er,Yunnan from Mach of 2017 to June,2018,by using the sweep net and visual inspection.【Result】There were 2544 individual arthropods in 40 species,33 families,11 orders and 2 classes on understory planted P. notoginseng in P. kesiya forest,there were 1414 individuals belonging to 18 species of pest sub-community,which amounted to 45.00% and 55.58% for the species and individual numbers. There were 906 individuals of natural enemies in 17 sub-communities,among them,897 individuals of predators belonged to 16 species,accounted for 40.00% and 35.34% of the total species and individuals in the arthropod community. There were nine individuals of parasitic natural enemies in one sub-community,accounted for 2.50% and 0.28% of the total species and individuals in the arthropod community. There were 224 individuals belonging to 5 species in neutral sub-communities,accounting for 12.50% and 8.81% of the total species and individuals. Pests Ducetia nica and Teleogryllus emma were dominant species on P. notoginseng under the forest of P. kesiya,whose relative abundances were 17.57% and 21.78%. Condylostylus sp. was the major dominant species of natural enemies with relative abundance of 5.82%. The individual number(N),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H ′),Pielou evenness index(J ′),Margale abundance index(D)of pest sub-community in arthropod community under P. kesiya forest were close to those of total community.【Conclusion】The arthropod community is rich in species and diversity on P. notoginseng under the forest of P. kesiya in Zhutang,Lancang,Pu'er,Yunnan. Among them,Ducetia nica and T. emma are the dominant species,and Harmonia axyridis,Condylostylus sp.,Leiobunum species and Epistrophe balteata were the dominant species of natural enemies. In addition to the monitoring and warning of D. nica and T. emma,the protection of natural predators such as H. axyridis,Condylostylus sp.,L. species and E. balteata should be strengthened.
引文
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龚舟,罗先权,彭静,龚范武.2016.不同林下三七栽培技术研究[J].农学学报,17(8):41-44.[Gong Z,Luo X Q,Peng J,Gong F W.2016.Cultivation techniques of Panax notoginseng F.H.Chen under different forests[J].Journal of Agriculture,17(8):41-44.]
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胡光辉,刘云彩,王中祥.2007.思茅松人工林主要害虫及其持续控制技术[J].西部林业科学,36(4):34-40.[Hu G H,Liu Y C,Wang Z X.2007.Main pests and diseases of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis plantation in Pu’er City of Yunnan and their control technology[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,36(4):34-40.]
姜成厚,林伟国,王金桥,黄海连.2012.梧州低海拔林下三七种植试验[J].南方农业学报,43(3):360-363.[Jiang CH,Lin W G,Wang J Q,Huang H L.2012.Experiment on planting Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen in low elevation forests of Wuzhou[J].Journal of Southern A-griculture,43(3):360-363.]
李忠义,陈中坚,王勇.2000.三七园蛞蝓发生危害及防治[J].植物保护,26(3):45.[Li Z Y,Chen Z J,Wang Y.2000.Harm and prevention of Limax maximus in Panax notoginseng garden[J].Plant Protection,26(3):45.]
任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃.2017.转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,50(12):2315-2325.[Ren Z T,Shen W J,Liu B,Xue K.2017.Effects of transgenic maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,50(12):2315-2325.]
舒彬,韩存梅.2011.三七主要病虫害及其防治[J].四川农业科技,(9):43.[Shu B,Han C M.2011.Main diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng and their prevention[J].Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology,(9):43.]
孙萌,叶丽琴,张子龙.2015.三七连作障碍成因及其控制研究进展[J].山地农业生物学报,34(3):63-67.[Sun M,Ye L Q,Zhang Z L.2015.Progress on the cause of continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng and its counter-measures[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,34(3):63-67.]
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唐启义,冯明光.2009.DPS数据处理系统--实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社.[Tang Q Y,Feng M G.2009.DPS Data Processing System-Experimental Design Statistical Analysis and Data Mining[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
田晔林,严道崎,马学斌,胡俊,秦岭.2017.北京山区林下种植藿香模式研究[J].现代农业科技,(9):151-154.[Tian Y L,Yan D Q,Ma X B,Hu J,Qin L.2017.Study on planting pattern of Agastache rugosa under forest in mountainous area of Beijing[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(9):151-154.]
童清,何剑中.2011.思茅松主要害虫研究动态[J].动物学研究,32(S):281-285.[Tong Q,He J Z.2011.Researches on the study of the main pest insects on Pinus kesiya[J]Zoological Research,32(S):281-285.]
王朝雯.2014.云南文山三七的主要病虫害防治措施[J].农业科技与信息,(17):12-13.[Wang C W.2014.Main pest control measures of Panax notoginseng in Wenshan,Yunnan[J].Agricultural Science-Technology and Information,(17):12-13.]
王国昌,梁海燕.2018.板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构与多样性研究[J].广西植物,38(6):788-794.[Wang G C,Liang H Y.2018.Structure and diversity of arthropod community in Isatis indigotica field[J].Guihaia,38(6):788-794.]
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严毅,何银忠,王亚婷,尹建华,黄鹤平.2016.云南海口林场中药材林下种植模式初探[J].中国现代中药,18(2):173-177.[Yan Y,He Y Z,Wang Y T,Yin J H,Huang HP.2016.Preliminary study of cultivation on understory intercropping medicinal plants of haikou forest farm in Yunnan[J].Modern Chinese Medicine,18(2):173-177.]
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陈昱君,王勇,刘云芝,杨建忠,朱云飞,孙玉琴,杨才碧,张会.2015.三七蓟马发生规律调查研究[J].文山学院学报,28(3):1-3.[Chen Y J,Wang Y,Liu Y Z,Yang J Z,Zhu Y F,Sun Y Q,Yang C B,Zhang H.2015.An investigation on the occurrence regularity of Panax notoginseng thrips[J].Journal of Wenshan University,28(3):1-3.]
董晨晖,戚洪伟,陈国华,何霞红,尹兆波,王鑫.2015.三七苗床鼠妇的危害特点与防治[J].云南农业科技,(6):50-51.[Dong C H,Qi H W,Chen G H,He X H,Yin ZB,Wang X.2015.Hazard characteristics and prevention of Panax notoginseng porcellio[J].Yunnan Agricultural Science and Technology,(6):50-51.]
段艳,徐正会,张桥蓉.2007.思茅松害虫研究[J].西南林学院学报,27(3):54-57.[Duan Y,Xu Z H,Zhang Q R.2007.Pest insects of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis[J].Journal of Southwest Forestry College,27(3):54-57.]
龚舟,罗先权,彭静,龚范武.2016.不同林下三七栽培技术研究[J].农学学报,17(8):41-44.[Gong Z,Luo X Q,Peng J,Gong F W.2016.Cultivation techniques of Panax notoginseng F.H.Chen under different forests[J].Journal of Agriculture,17(8):41-44.]
郝树广,张孝羲,程遐年,罗跃进,田学志.1998.稻田节肢动物群落营养层及优势功能集团的组成与多样性动态[J].昆虫学报,41(4):343-353.[Hao S G,Zhang X X,Cheng X N,Luo Y J,Tian X Z.1998.The dynamics of biodiversity and the composition of nutrition classes and dominant guilds of arthropoda community in paddy field[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,41(4):343-353.]
何浩鹏,任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃.2018.耐除草剂转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响[J].生态与农村环境学报,34(4):333-341.[He H P,Ren Z T,Shen W J,Liu B,Xue K.2018.Effects of transgenic herbicide-tolerate maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,34(4):333-341.]
胡光辉,刘云彩,王中祥.2007.思茅松人工林主要害虫及其持续控制技术[J].西部林业科学,36(4):34-40.[Hu G H,Liu Y C,Wang Z X.2007.Main pests and diseases of Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis plantation in Pu’er City of Yunnan and their control technology[J].Journal of West China Forestry Science,36(4):34-40.]
姜成厚,林伟国,王金桥,黄海连.2012.梧州低海拔林下三七种植试验[J].南方农业学报,43(3):360-363.[Jiang CH,Lin W G,Wang J Q,Huang H L.2012.Experiment on planting Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen in low elevation forests of Wuzhou[J].Journal of Southern A-griculture,43(3):360-363.]
李忠义,陈中坚,王勇.2000.三七园蛞蝓发生危害及防治[J].植物保护,26(3):45.[Li Z Y,Chen Z J,Wang Y.2000.Harm and prevention of Limax maximus in Panax notoginseng garden[J].Plant Protection,26(3):45.]
任振涛,沈文静,刘标,薛堃.2017.转基因玉米对田间节肢动物群落多样性的影响[J].中国农业科学,50(12):2315-2325.[Ren Z T,Shen W J,Liu B,Xue K.2017.Effects of transgenic maize on biodiversity of arthropod communities in the fields[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,50(12):2315-2325.]
舒彬,韩存梅.2011.三七主要病虫害及其防治[J].四川农业科技,(9):43.[Shu B,Han C M.2011.Main diseases and insect pests of Panax notoginseng and their prevention[J].Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology,(9):43.]
孙萌,叶丽琴,张子龙.2015.三七连作障碍成因及其控制研究进展[J].山地农业生物学报,34(3):63-67.[Sun M,Ye L Q,Zhang Z L.2015.Progress on the cause of continuous cropping obstacle of Panax notoginseng and its counter-measures[J].Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology,34(3):63-67.]
孙雪婷,李磊,龙光强,张广辉,孟珍贵,杨生超,陈军文.2015.三七连作障碍研究进展[J].生态学杂志,34(3):885-893.[Sun X T,Li L,Long G Q,Zhang G H,Meng Z G,Yang S C,Chen J W.2015.The progress and prospect on consecutive monoculture problems of Panax notoginseng[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,34(3):885-893.]
唐启义,冯明光.2009.DPS数据处理系统--实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].北京:科学出版社.[Tang Q Y,Feng M G.2009.DPS Data Processing System-Experimental Design Statistical Analysis and Data Mining[M].Beijing:Science Press.]
田晔林,严道崎,马学斌,胡俊,秦岭.2017.北京山区林下种植藿香模式研究[J].现代农业科技,(9):151-154.[Tian Y L,Yan D Q,Ma X B,Hu J,Qin L.2017.Study on planting pattern of Agastache rugosa under forest in mountainous area of Beijing[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(9):151-154.]
童清,何剑中.2011.思茅松主要害虫研究动态[J].动物学研究,32(S):281-285.[Tong Q,He J Z.2011.Researches on the study of the main pest insects on Pinus kesiya[J]Zoological Research,32(S):281-285.]
王朝雯.2014.云南文山三七的主要病虫害防治措施[J].农业科技与信息,(17):12-13.[Wang C W.2014.Main pest control measures of Panax notoginseng in Wenshan,Yunnan[J].Agricultural Science-Technology and Information,(17):12-13.]
王国昌,梁海燕.2018.板蓝根田节肢动物群落的结构与多样性研究[J].广西植物,38(6):788-794.[Wang G C,Liang H Y.2018.Structure and diversity of arthropod community in Isatis indigotica field[J].Guihaia,38(6):788-794.]
王淑琴,于洪军,官延荆.1993.中国三七[M].昆明:云南民族出版社:1-8.[Wang S Q,Yu H J,Guan Y J.1993.China Panax notoginseng[M].Kunming:Yunnan Nationalities Publishing House:1-8.]
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