低温胁迫对蓝莓枝条呼吸作用及生理生化指标的影响
|
摘要
为明确蓝莓枝条不同部位的耐低温能力,利用人工模拟低温胁迫的方法研究了蓝莓1年生枝条尖端、1年生枝条基端和2年生枝条对低温胁迫的生理响应。结果表明:低温胁迫下蓝莓不同部位枝条的各生理指标之间虽然具有一定的相关性,但不同生理指标的相关系数差异较大,即蓝莓枝条不同生理过程对低温的敏感性明显不同。其中,0℃时1年生枝条特别是其尖端的呼吸速率明显高于2年生枝条,但其呼吸作用对低温也特别敏感,当温度降低到-10℃时即均发生明显的降低,且1年生枝条尖端的降低幅度最大。另外,低温胁迫下1年生枝条尖端的丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率增加幅度也明显大于1年生枝条基端和2年生枝条,即1年生枝条尖端对低温胁迫更为敏感。低温胁迫下不同部位枝条虽可以通过增加可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)等渗透调节物质,以及增强SOD和POD等抗氧化酶活性的方式来提高其抗寒能力,但当温度降低到-40℃时,不但抑制了蓝莓1年生枝条尖端可溶性蛋白的合成,并且1年生枝条尖端和基端的SOD活性较-20℃时也有不同程度的降低,即-40℃时1年生枝条特别是其尖端蛋白质合成的抑制以及抗氧化酶活性的降低可能是导致其蓝莓在我国北方大兴安岭地区易发生冻、干梢现象的主要原因。而1年生枝条基端和2年生枝条具有较强抗低温能力的原因除了其本身代谢活性较低,对低温不敏感外,低温下有效积累渗透调节物质和增强抗氧化酶的活性在降低其膜质过氧化程度和电解质外渗方面发挥了重要的作用。
In order to clarify the resistance to low temperature of different parts of blueberry branches, the physiological responses of 1-year-old branch tip and base and two-year-old stem of blueberry at low temperature were studied, through the method of artificial simulation of low temperature. The results showed that there was a certain correlation between the physiological indexes of different parts of blueberry stems under low temperature stress, but the correlation coefficients have great difference between different physiological indexes. In other words, different physiological processes of blueberry stems under low temperature stress had significant different sensitivities to low temperature. Among them, at 0 ℃, respiration rate of 1-year-old branches, especially its branches tip, was significantly higher than that of two-year-old branches. But their respiration was also particularly sensitive to low temperature. When the temperature dropped to- 10 ℃, the respiratory rate was markedly reduced, with greatest reduction in 1-year-old branch tip. In addition, increase amplitudes of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and relative electric conductivity of 1-year-old branch tip increment were significantly higher than those of 1-year-old branch base and 2-year-old branches under low temperature stress, so 1-yearold branch tip was more sensitive to low temperature stress. Different parts of branches under low temperature stress could improve their cold tolerance through increasing soluble sugars(SS) and soluble protein(SP) contents, as well as enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD and POD). When temperature dropped to- 40 ℃, low temperature not only inhibited soluble protein synthesis of 1-year-old branch tip, but also SOD activities of 1-year-old branch tip and base were lower than those at- 20 ℃ at different degrees. Namely, at 40 ℃, the inhibition of protein synthesis and reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity of 1-year-old branch tip might be the main cause of freeze and slightly dry phenomenon on blueberry stems in Daxinganling region of northern China. However, 1-year-old branch base and two-year-old branch of blueberry had stronger cold resistance. In addition to low metabolic activity and non-sensitivity to low temperature, effective accumulation of osmoregulation substance and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity played an important role in reducing its membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage areas.
In order to clarify the resistance to low temperature of different parts of blueberry branches, the physiological responses of 1-year-old branch tip and base and two-year-old stem of blueberry at low temperature were studied, through the method of artificial simulation of low temperature. The results showed that there was a certain correlation between the physiological indexes of different parts of blueberry stems under low temperature stress, but the correlation coefficients have great difference between different physiological indexes. In other words, different physiological processes of blueberry stems under low temperature stress had significant different sensitivities to low temperature. Among them, at 0 ℃, respiration rate of 1-year-old branches, especially its branches tip, was significantly higher than that of two-year-old branches. But their respiration was also particularly sensitive to low temperature. When the temperature dropped to- 10 ℃, the respiratory rate was markedly reduced, with greatest reduction in 1-year-old branch tip. In addition, increase amplitudes of malondialdehyde(MDA) content and relative electric conductivity of 1-year-old branch tip increment were significantly higher than those of 1-year-old branch base and 2-year-old branches under low temperature stress, so 1-yearold branch tip was more sensitive to low temperature stress. Different parts of branches under low temperature stress could improve their cold tolerance through increasing soluble sugars(SS) and soluble protein(SP) contents, as well as enhancing activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD and POD). When temperature dropped to- 40 ℃, low temperature not only inhibited soluble protein synthesis of 1-year-old branch tip, but also SOD activities of 1-year-old branch tip and base were lower than those at- 20 ℃ at different degrees. Namely, at 40 ℃, the inhibition of protein synthesis and reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity of 1-year-old branch tip might be the main cause of freeze and slightly dry phenomenon on blueberry stems in Daxinganling region of northern China. However, 1-year-old branch base and two-year-old branch of blueberry had stronger cold resistance. In addition to low metabolic activity and non-sensitivity to low temperature, effective accumulation of osmoregulation substance and enhancement of antioxidant enzymes activity played an important role in reducing its membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage areas.
引文
[1]Kinghorn AD,Su BN,Jang DS,et al.Natural in hibitors of carcinogenesis[J].Planta Medica,2004,70(8):691-705.
[2]Katsube N,Iwashita K,Tsushida T,et al.Induct ion of apoptos is in cancercells by bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus)and the anthocyanins[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2003,51(1):68-75.
[3]李铁军,朴炫春,廉家盛,等.利用生物反应器接触培养法增殖笃斯越橘丛生苗[J].林业科学,2012,48(11):130-133.
[4]马俊莹,张悦.大兴安岭野生蓝莓与产业发展现状[J].黑龙江科学,2010,1(2):43-45.
[5]郭有燕,余宏远,吕彪,等.大兴安岭地区野生蓝莓果实的形态变异[J].经济林研究,2014,32(2):148-151.
[6]唐丽,张瑜,袁德义.人工低温胁迫条件下菲油果各项生理指标的变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(11):8-13.
[7]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[8]王贺,刘国成,吕德国,等.寒富苹果与亲本系品种抗寒生理指标的比较研究[J].北方园艺,2007(10):32-34.
[9]刘国成,马怀宇,吕德国,等.寒富苹果及其亲本越冬期生理特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(21):4819-4822,4829.
[10]李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.葡萄专用覆盖材料对红地球葡萄安全越冬防寒效果综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(6):206-210.
[11]王燕凌,廖康,刘君,等.越冬前低温锻炼期间不同品种葡萄枝条中渗透性物质和保护酶活性的变化[J].果树学报,2006,23(3):375-378.
[12]李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同材料覆盖越冬对葡萄枝蔓及根系抗寒生理指标的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):253-258.
[13]代汉萍,薛志杰,郭修武.树莓自然越冬枝条生理生化特性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(5):573-577.
[14]代汉萍,杜潇,张莹莹.树莓越冬性研究[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):231-234.
[15]杨国慧,龚束芳,睢薇.黑穗醋栗越冬死亡与其形态组织解剖[J].东北农业大学学报,2001,32(4):313-319.
[16]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.高丛、半高丛和矮丛越橘越冬冻害研究[J].果树学报,2004,21(4):341-345.
[17]黄国辉,姚平,赵凤军,等.越橘越冬伤害机理的初步研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(10):45-49.
[18]马玉娥,项文化,雷丕峰.林木树干呼吸变化及其影响因素研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):403-412.
[19]Hoppula K I,Salo T J.Effect of irrigation and fertilization methods on red raspberry winter survival[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B,Soil and Plant Science,2006,56(1):60-64.
[20]Leila K,Pauliina P,Leena L.Flower bud cold hardiness of“Muskoka”red raspberry as related to water content in late winter[J].International Journal of Fruit Science,2006,6(1):63-75.
[21]任芳菲,孙广玉,胡彦波,等.几种树木的树皮中绿色组织的光合特性初探[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(3):249-252.
[22]王文杰,祖元刚,王慧梅.林木非同化器官树枝(干)光合功能研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1583-1594.
[23]盛浩,周萍.树干/枝呼吸作用对环境变化的响应[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1822-1829.
[24]马凤鸣,王瑞,石振.低温胁迫对玉米幼苗某些生理指标的影响[J].作物杂志,2007(5):41-45.
[25]Roxas V P,Lodhi S A,Garrett D K,et al.Stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco seedlings that overexpress glutathionestransferase and glutathione peroxidase[J].Plant an d C e l l Physiology,2000,41(11):1229-1234.
[26]尹大川,杨立宾,邓勋,等.绿木霉对樟子松苗木生长指标及生理生化指标的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(6):78-83.
[27]郑春芳,姜东,戴廷波,等.外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠浸种对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗碳氮代谢及抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1174-1183.
[28]张会慧,田褀,刘关君,等.转2-Cys Prx基因烟草抗氧化酶和PSⅡ电子传递对盐和光胁迫响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2023-2029.
[29]郭盈添,范琨,白果,等.金露梅幼苗对高温胁迫的生理生化响应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(9):1815-1820.
[2]Katsube N,Iwashita K,Tsushida T,et al.Induct ion of apoptos is in cancercells by bilberry(Vaccinium myrtillus)and the anthocyanins[J].Journal of agricultural and food chemistry,2003,51(1):68-75.
[3]李铁军,朴炫春,廉家盛,等.利用生物反应器接触培养法增殖笃斯越橘丛生苗[J].林业科学,2012,48(11):130-133.
[4]马俊莹,张悦.大兴安岭野生蓝莓与产业发展现状[J].黑龙江科学,2010,1(2):43-45.
[5]郭有燕,余宏远,吕彪,等.大兴安岭地区野生蓝莓果实的形态变异[J].经济林研究,2014,32(2):148-151.
[6]唐丽,张瑜,袁德义.人工低温胁迫条件下菲油果各项生理指标的变化[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(11):8-13.
[7]卢广超,许建新,薛立,等.低温胁迫对4种幼苗的叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(2):44-49.
[8]王贺,刘国成,吕德国,等.寒富苹果与亲本系品种抗寒生理指标的比较研究[J].北方园艺,2007(10):32-34.
[9]刘国成,马怀宇,吕德国,等.寒富苹果及其亲本越冬期生理特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2012,51(21):4819-4822,4829.
[10]李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.葡萄专用覆盖材料对红地球葡萄安全越冬防寒效果综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(6):206-210.
[11]王燕凌,廖康,刘君,等.越冬前低温锻炼期间不同品种葡萄枝条中渗透性物质和保护酶活性的变化[J].果树学报,2006,23(3):375-378.
[12]李鹏程,郭绍杰,李铭,等.不同材料覆盖越冬对葡萄枝蔓及根系抗寒生理指标的影响[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(1):253-258.
[13]代汉萍,薛志杰,郭修武.树莓自然越冬枝条生理生化特性研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2009,31(5):573-577.
[14]代汉萍,杜潇,张莹莹.树莓越冬性研究[J].果树学报,2012,29(2):231-234.
[15]杨国慧,龚束芳,睢薇.黑穗醋栗越冬死亡与其形态组织解剖[J].东北农业大学学报,2001,32(4):313-319.
[16]吴林,李亚东,张志东,等.高丛、半高丛和矮丛越橘越冬冻害研究[J].果树学报,2004,21(4):341-345.
[17]黄国辉,姚平,赵凤军,等.越橘越冬伤害机理的初步研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2012,43(10):45-49.
[18]马玉娥,项文化,雷丕峰.林木树干呼吸变化及其影响因素研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2007,31(3):403-412.
[19]Hoppula K I,Salo T J.Effect of irrigation and fertilization methods on red raspberry winter survival[J].Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B,Soil and Plant Science,2006,56(1):60-64.
[20]Leila K,Pauliina P,Leena L.Flower bud cold hardiness of“Muskoka”red raspberry as related to water content in late winter[J].International Journal of Fruit Science,2006,6(1):63-75.
[21]任芳菲,孙广玉,胡彦波,等.几种树木的树皮中绿色组织的光合特性初探[J].植物生理学通讯,2009,45(3):249-252.
[22]王文杰,祖元刚,王慧梅.林木非同化器官树枝(干)光合功能研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1583-1594.
[23]盛浩,周萍.树干/枝呼吸作用对环境变化的响应[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1822-1829.
[24]马凤鸣,王瑞,石振.低温胁迫对玉米幼苗某些生理指标的影响[J].作物杂志,2007(5):41-45.
[25]Roxas V P,Lodhi S A,Garrett D K,et al.Stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco seedlings that overexpress glutathionestransferase and glutathione peroxidase[J].Plant an d C e l l Physiology,2000,41(11):1229-1234.
[26]尹大川,杨立宾,邓勋,等.绿木霉对樟子松苗木生长指标及生理生化指标的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2014,36(6):78-83.
[27]郑春芳,姜东,戴廷波,等.外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠浸种对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗碳氮代谢及抗氧化系统的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(5):1174-1183.
[28]张会慧,田褀,刘关君,等.转2-Cys Prx基因烟草抗氧化酶和PSⅡ电子传递对盐和光胁迫响应[J].作物学报,2013,39(11):2023-2029.
[29]郭盈添,范琨,白果,等.金露梅幼苗对高温胁迫的生理生化响应[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(9):1815-1820.