前轮转弯操纵速率对飞机地面滑行特性影响研究
|
摘要
飞机若想尽快实现地面机动转弯,则前轮转弯操纵系统操纵速率应尽量大,而为了保证飞机地面机动不会引起前(主)机轮侧向滑动,又要求前轮转弯操纵速率应限制在一定范围内。以某型机为例,分析大动力操纵角下,地面摩擦系数、飞机滑行速度及转弯操纵速率对前、主机轮侧滑影响。结果表明:飞机以0.3～0.4 rad/s的平均操纵速率进行大角度转弯,基本能满足地面稳定性要求,但为了降低飞机在低摩擦道面上的侧滑风险,需降低前轮偏转到大角度时的操纵速率。
To realize the aircraft maneuvering turn during ground operations, the aircraft's nosewheel control system should provide the rate of nosewheel deflection as higher as possible. To prevent the aircraft's wheel from lateral slip the deflection rate should be limited in a certain range. Take a certain type of aircraft as an example, the effect of lateral slip under the large nosewheel deflection, the friction coefficient on the ground, the aircraft taxiing speed and the rate of nose wheel deflection are analyzed. Results show that the aircraft makes large nosewheel deflection at the rate of 0.3～0.4 rad/s, it can basically meet the ground stability requirements, but to reduce the risk of lateral slip on the low friction pavement, the rate of nosewheel deflection needs to be reduced when the nose wheel deflects to a large angle.
To realize the aircraft maneuvering turn during ground operations, the aircraft's nosewheel control system should provide the rate of nosewheel deflection as higher as possible. To prevent the aircraft's wheel from lateral slip the deflection rate should be limited in a certain range. Take a certain type of aircraft as an example, the effect of lateral slip under the large nosewheel deflection, the friction coefficient on the ground, the aircraft taxiing speed and the rate of nose wheel deflection are analyzed. Results show that the aircraft makes large nosewheel deflection at the rate of 0.3～0.4 rad/s, it can basically meet the ground stability requirements, but to reduce the risk of lateral slip on the low friction pavement, the rate of nosewheel deflection needs to be reduced when the nose wheel deflects to a large angle.
引文
[1] 高泽迥.飞机设计手册:第14册——起飞着陆系统设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2002:55-64.Gao Zejiong.Aircraft design manual:Part 14-takeoff landing system design[M].Beijing:Aviation Industy Press,2002:55-64.(in Chinese)
[2] Barnes A G,Yager T J.Enhancement of aircraft ground handling simulation capability[R].AGARD-AG-333,2000.
[3] David H Klyde,Thomas T Myers,Amanda K Lampton.Improved models for the ground handling assessment of navy aircraft[R].AIAA-2015-0241,2015.
[4] 朱天文.飞机地面转弯半径和转弯速率计算方法研究[J].飞机设计,2003(3):31-34.Zhu Tianwen.Study on calculative method of aircraft steering turning radius and turing velocity[J].Aircraft Design,2003(3):31-34.(in Chinese)
[5] 孙泽鹏,聂宏,郑蓝.飞机地面操纵动态特性和方向稳定性研究[J].机械工程师,2008(11):58-60.Sun Zepeng,Nie Hong,Zheng Lan.Research on aircraft ground handing dynamic characters and direction stability[J].Mechanical Engineering,2008(11):58-60.(in Chinese)
[6] 金秀芬,李凯,于秀伟.民用飞机地面转弯时重心侧向过载系数的分析及研究[J].航空工程进展,2012,3(3):317-321.Jin Xiufen,Li Kai,Yu Xiuwei.Research of side load factor for civil aircraft ground turning[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2012,3(3):317-321.(in Chinese)
[7] 聂青,聂宏,张明.大型民机双作动筒式前轮转弯操纵系统设计与仿真分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2012,24(4):503-509.Nie Qing,Nie Hong,Zhang Ming.Design and dynamic of dual actuator nose wheel steering system on large civil aircraft[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012,24(4):503-509.(in Chinese)
[8] 姜百盈,史永强,郭兆电.大型飞机地面转弯操纵方法研究[J].航空科学技术,2015,26(6):62-65.Jiang Baiying,Shi Yongqiang,Guo Zhaodian.Reseach on large aircraft ground steering control method[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2015,26(6):62-65.(in Chinese)
[9] 苟能亮,范强波,张明.四点式起落架飞机地面滑跑转弯分析[J].航空工程进展,2016,7(1):17-23.Gou Nengliang,Fan Qiangbo,Zhang Ming.Analysis of aircraft landing gear with four wheers ground taxiing turning[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2016,7(1):17-23.(in Chinese)
[10] 刘刚,许锋.大型民用飞机前轮操纵转弯特性仿真[J].航空科学技术,2012,23(1):32-35.Liu Gang,Xu Feng.Nose wheel turning simulation of large civil aircraft operation[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2012,23(1):32-35.(in Chinese)
[2] Barnes A G,Yager T J.Enhancement of aircraft ground handling simulation capability[R].AGARD-AG-333,2000.
[3] David H Klyde,Thomas T Myers,Amanda K Lampton.Improved models for the ground handling assessment of navy aircraft[R].AIAA-2015-0241,2015.
[4] 朱天文.飞机地面转弯半径和转弯速率计算方法研究[J].飞机设计,2003(3):31-34.Zhu Tianwen.Study on calculative method of aircraft steering turning radius and turing velocity[J].Aircraft Design,2003(3):31-34.(in Chinese)
[5] 孙泽鹏,聂宏,郑蓝.飞机地面操纵动态特性和方向稳定性研究[J].机械工程师,2008(11):58-60.Sun Zepeng,Nie Hong,Zheng Lan.Research on aircraft ground handing dynamic characters and direction stability[J].Mechanical Engineering,2008(11):58-60.(in Chinese)
[6] 金秀芬,李凯,于秀伟.民用飞机地面转弯时重心侧向过载系数的分析及研究[J].航空工程进展,2012,3(3):317-321.Jin Xiufen,Li Kai,Yu Xiuwei.Research of side load factor for civil aircraft ground turning[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2012,3(3):317-321.(in Chinese)
[7] 聂青,聂宏,张明.大型民机双作动筒式前轮转弯操纵系统设计与仿真分析[J].南京航空航天大学学报,2012,24(4):503-509.Nie Qing,Nie Hong,Zhang Ming.Design and dynamic of dual actuator nose wheel steering system on large civil aircraft[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012,24(4):503-509.(in Chinese)
[8] 姜百盈,史永强,郭兆电.大型飞机地面转弯操纵方法研究[J].航空科学技术,2015,26(6):62-65.Jiang Baiying,Shi Yongqiang,Guo Zhaodian.Reseach on large aircraft ground steering control method[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2015,26(6):62-65.(in Chinese)
[9] 苟能亮,范强波,张明.四点式起落架飞机地面滑跑转弯分析[J].航空工程进展,2016,7(1):17-23.Gou Nengliang,Fan Qiangbo,Zhang Ming.Analysis of aircraft landing gear with four wheers ground taxiing turning[J].Advances in Aeronautical Science and Engineering,2016,7(1):17-23.(in Chinese)
[10] 刘刚,许锋.大型民用飞机前轮操纵转弯特性仿真[J].航空科学技术,2012,23(1):32-35.Liu Gang,Xu Feng.Nose wheel turning simulation of large civil aircraft operation[J].Aeronautical Science & Technology,2012,23(1):32-35.(in Chinese)