山西省某贫困地区农村老年人生活质量调查
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摘要
目的了解山西省某贫困地区农村老年人的生活质量状况并分析其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,于2016年12月—2017年1月在某贫困县7个村子调查≥50岁居民270人,使用统一问卷,入户调查农村老年人的基本信息及生活状况,采用χ~2检验、非参数检验、logistic回归分析对数据进行统计分析。结果≥60岁农村居民223人,平均年龄(66.39±8.00)岁,日常生活能力评估得分(16.59±7.24)分,受损率为33.9%,高龄(OR=7.309,95%CI=2.033～26.277)、空巢(OR=2.149,95%CI=1.035～4.462)、不工作(OR=2.476,95%CI=1.101～5.567)是日常生活能力受损的因素,睡眠状况好(OR=0.550,95%CI=0.351～0.862)是日常生活能力的有利因素。老年人的幸福感总均分为(7.17±1.66)分,得分前三的维度依次是本村和谐程度(8.72±1.45)分、与他人关系(8.36±1.57)分和个人安全感(7.60±2.31)分。非在婚状态(OR=0.389,95%CI=0.156～0.972)、患有慢性病(OR=0.360,95%CI=0.146～0.889)降低老年人幸福感,好的睡眠质量(OR=1.473,95%CI=1.027～2.114)提高老年人幸福感。结论山西省贫困地区农村老年人生活质量较差,日常生活能力受损明显但幸福感得分较高,受睡眠状况及其他因素影响;加大政府补助、疾病防治、完善制度建设等可改善农村老年人生活质量。
Objective To examine the quality of life and its influencing factors among rural elderly in poverty areas of Shanxi province. Methods We conducted a face-to-face household survey among 270 residents aged ≥ 50 years selected with convenient sampling in 7 villages of a poor county in Shanxi province between December 2016 and January 2017.Demographics and living conditions of the participants were collected with a unified questionnaire. Pearson chi-square test,nonparametric tests, and logistic regression were adopted in data analyses. Results The average age was 66.39 ± 8.00 for the223 participants aged 60 years and above finally included into the study. For all the participants, the score of Activity of Daily Life Scale(ADL) was 16.59 ± 7.24 and the proportion of the participants with impaired ADL was 33.9%. The risk factors for the impaired ADL were elder age(odds ratio [OR] = 7.309, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.033 – 26.277),being an empty-nested elderly(OR = 2.149, 95% CI: 1.035 – 4.462), and not at work(OR = 2.476, 95% CI: 1.101 – 5.567)and with better sleep was a favorable factors against impaired ADL(OR = 0.550, 95% CI: 0.351 – 0.862). The mean overall personal wellbeing index for the participants was 7.17 ± 1.66 and the top three domain scores reported by the participants were 8.72 ± 1.45 for harmony atmosphere in the village, 8.36 ± 1.57 for relationship with other people, and 7.60 ± 2.31 for personal safety. The hindering factors for perceived happiness were being unmarried(OR = 0.389, 95% CI: 0.156 – 0.972)and suffering from chronic disease(OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.146 – 0.889); whereas better sleeping in was a promoting factor for personal wellbeing(OR = 1.473, 95% CI: 1.027 – 2.114). Conclusion Among the elderly in poor rural areas of Shanxi province, the quality of life is poor and the impaired activity of daily life is obviously serious but the personal wellbeing is relatively high; the situations are influenced by sleeping status and other factors. The results suggest that measures should be taken to improve quality of life of the elderly.
Objective To examine the quality of life and its influencing factors among rural elderly in poverty areas of Shanxi province. Methods We conducted a face-to-face household survey among 270 residents aged ≥ 50 years selected with convenient sampling in 7 villages of a poor county in Shanxi province between December 2016 and January 2017.Demographics and living conditions of the participants were collected with a unified questionnaire. Pearson chi-square test,nonparametric tests, and logistic regression were adopted in data analyses. Results The average age was 66.39 ± 8.00 for the223 participants aged 60 years and above finally included into the study. For all the participants, the score of Activity of Daily Life Scale(ADL) was 16.59 ± 7.24 and the proportion of the participants with impaired ADL was 33.9%. The risk factors for the impaired ADL were elder age(odds ratio [OR] = 7.309, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 2.033 – 26.277),being an empty-nested elderly(OR = 2.149, 95% CI: 1.035 – 4.462), and not at work(OR = 2.476, 95% CI: 1.101 – 5.567)and with better sleep was a favorable factors against impaired ADL(OR = 0.550, 95% CI: 0.351 – 0.862). The mean overall personal wellbeing index for the participants was 7.17 ± 1.66 and the top three domain scores reported by the participants were 8.72 ± 1.45 for harmony atmosphere in the village, 8.36 ± 1.57 for relationship with other people, and 7.60 ± 2.31 for personal safety. The hindering factors for perceived happiness were being unmarried(OR = 0.389, 95% CI: 0.156 – 0.972)and suffering from chronic disease(OR = 0.360, 95% CI: 0.146 – 0.889); whereas better sleeping in was a promoting factor for personal wellbeing(OR = 1.473, 95% CI: 1.027 – 2.114). Conclusion Among the elderly in poor rural areas of Shanxi province, the quality of life is poor and the impaired activity of daily life is obviously serious but the personal wellbeing is relatively high; the situations are influenced by sleeping status and other factors. The results suggest that measures should be taken to improve quality of life of the elderly.
引文
[1]央广网.2017中国国际老龄产业高峰论坛在沪召开[EB/OL].[2017-06-08].http://www.cncaprc.gov.cn/contents/20/181635.html.
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[16]庞宝华,白莉莉,周小燕,等.陕北农村老年人主观幸福感的调查分析[J].实用预防医学,2014(7):776-778.
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[18]吴振强,郭祖鹏,李明珠,等.空巢老年人生活满意度及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(7):821-823.
[19]易丽萍,张新华,望开宇,等.农村山区65岁以上老年人日常生活能力现状及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016(2):49-52.
[20]陈旭嘉,王萧萧,邱传旭,等.社区老年人日常生活能力状况及对策研究[J].现代预防医学,2017(2):255-258.
[21]Stuck AE,Walthert JM,Nikolaus T,et al.Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people:a systematic literature review[J].Soc Sci Med,1999,48(4):445-469.
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[23]景睿,李向云,杨淑香,等.山东省农村老年人日常生活能力及其影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2009(3):513-515.
[24]尹志勤,陈丽莉,涂海霞,等.温州市农村空巢老人日常生活能力及社区卫生服务意愿的调查[J].现代预防医学,2012(1):59-61.
[25]陈龙.北京市老年人生活满意度及其影响因素研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2015.
[26]江虹,徐晶晶,王瑞,等.不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性研究[J].山东大学学报:医学版,2017(9):11-16.
[2]World Health Organization.China country assessment report on aging and health[EB/OL].[2015-01-29].http://www.who.int/ageing/publications/china-country-assessment/en/.
[3]Liang Y,Wu W.Exploratory analysis of health-related quality of life among the empty-nest elderly in rural China:an empirical study in three economically developed cities in eastern China[J].Health Qual Life Outcomes,2014,12(1):59.
[4]陆珊珊.安徽省某农村地区老年人生活质量状况及其影响因素研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2016.
[5]牛田华,孟庆跃,孟祥臻,等.农村老年人日常生活活动能力现状及影响因素分析[J].现代预防医学,2010(7):1290-1291.
[6]Steptoe A,Deaton A,Stone AA.Subjective wellbeing,health,and ageing[J].Lancet,2015,385(9968):640-648.
[7]陈圆静.安徽省农村地区老年人生活质量及参与社会发展现状[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2016.
[8]邢华燕,韩忠敏,闫灿,等.河南农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2016,32(9):1141-1144.
[9]李小杉,何美琪,朱晓阳,等.四川巴中农村老年人生活质量及其影响因素[J].中国公共卫生,2014,30(2):149-152.
[10]日常生活能力量表(ADL)[J].中国微侵袭神经外科杂志,2006(11):516.
[11]Misajon R,Pallant J,Bliuc AM.Rasch analysis of the Personal Wellbeing Index[J].Qual Life Res,2016,25(10):1-10.
[12]徐小青,董斌,周武,等.农村老年人日常生活活动能力及影响因素研究[J].浙江预防医学,2011(4):1-3.
[13]杨晓娟,曹宜璠,王常颖,等.社区老年人日常生活能力及影响因素[J].中国老年学杂志,2017(6):1511-1513.
[14]王晓蕊.居住模式与老年人幸福感[D].济南:山东大学,2015.
[15]张晴心.社会保障视角下农村老年人主观幸福感影响因素研究[D].杭州:浙江财经大学,2015.
[16]庞宝华,白莉莉,周小燕,等.陕北农村老年人主观幸福感的调查分析[J].实用预防医学,2014(7):776-778.
[17]高红英.南昌市社区老年人幸福感研究[D].南昌:南昌大学,2007.
[18]吴振强,郭祖鹏,李明珠,等.空巢老年人生活满意度及影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2011,27(7):821-823.
[19]易丽萍,张新华,望开宇,等.农村山区65岁以上老年人日常生活能力现状及其影响因素[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2016(2):49-52.
[20]陈旭嘉,王萧萧,邱传旭,等.社区老年人日常生活能力状况及对策研究[J].现代预防医学,2017(2):255-258.
[21]Stuck AE,Walthert JM,Nikolaus T,et al.Risk factors for functional status decline in community-living elderly people:a systematic literature review[J].Soc Sci Med,1999,48(4):445-469.
[22]冯芳.安徽省某农村地区老年人日常生活能力现状及影响因素研究[D].合肥:安徽医科大学,2016.
[23]景睿,李向云,杨淑香,等.山东省农村老年人日常生活能力及其影响因素研究[J].现代预防医学,2009(3):513-515.
[24]尹志勤,陈丽莉,涂海霞,等.温州市农村空巢老人日常生活能力及社区卫生服务意愿的调查[J].现代预防医学,2012(1):59-61.
[25]陈龙.北京市老年人生活满意度及其影响因素研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2015.
[26]江虹,徐晶晶,王瑞,等.不同年龄阶段老年人的幸福感、心理压力与心理弹性研究[J].山东大学学报:医学版,2017(9):11-16.