胶结人工砂石筑坝材料性能研究
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摘要
胶凝砂砾石为一种环境友好材料,在我国筑坝实践中得到了大量应用。由于胶凝砂砾石坝主要应用于河床砂砾石料丰富的地区,使得胶凝砂砾石的推广受到一定的局限,对于缺少河床天然砂砾石工程,可用人工砂石来修建胶结人工砂石坝。研究了骨料破碎工艺、配合比设计中水胶比、水泥用量、粉煤灰掺量、砂率等参数的选取对材料性能的影响,并进行了坝型方案比较。研究结果表明:(1)人工砂石骨料的简易破碎方式,即锤式破碎机单机破碎不筛分,一次破碎后直接使用;(2)人工砂石强度较高,单机破碎后级配相对稳定,配置强度均匀,耐久性能均优于采用河床天然砂砾石配置的胶凝砂砾石;(3)云南那恒水库在方案论证阶段,进行了胶结人工砂石坝的技术经济比较,胶结人工砂石坝型投资较碾压混凝土坝节省约10%。胶结人工砂石坝拓展了筑坝材料的利用范围,对于无天然河床砂砾的地方筑坝提供了一种新的坝型选择。
Cemented sand, Gravel and Rock(CSGR) has been developed as an environmentally friendly material in the practice of dam construction in China. Because the CSGR dam was mainly used in the river bed which was rich in natural sand and gravel,the popularization of the CSGR material was limited to a certain degree. For the river bed that lacks natural sand and gravel,artificial sand and gravel can be used to build the Cemented Artificial Sand and Gravel(CASR) dam. The parameters such as water binder ratio,cement dosage,fly ash content and sand rate are studied in the paper,the durability of materials and the design principle of dam section are discussed,and the comparison of dam type schemes is carried out. This research shows:(1) The simple crushing way of artificial sand aggregate, that is, the gravel could directly be smashed by single machine after one break in the hammer crusher.(2) Because the strength of natural aggregate was high,the grading was relatively stable. The intensity of the CASR material was quite uniform. The frost resistance property and impermeability of the CASR was higher than cemented natural sand,gravel and rock material.(3) After the comparison of CASR dam type in the permanent project of Naheng reservoir in Yunnan Province,it saved 10% investment compared with RCC Dam. The CASR dam type has expanded the alternative of damming materials,and provides a new type of dam for the dam construction on the river that has to natural sand and gravel.
Cemented sand, Gravel and Rock(CSGR) has been developed as an environmentally friendly material in the practice of dam construction in China. Because the CSGR dam was mainly used in the river bed which was rich in natural sand and gravel,the popularization of the CSGR material was limited to a certain degree. For the river bed that lacks natural sand and gravel,artificial sand and gravel can be used to build the Cemented Artificial Sand and Gravel(CASR) dam. The parameters such as water binder ratio,cement dosage,fly ash content and sand rate are studied in the paper,the durability of materials and the design principle of dam section are discussed,and the comparison of dam type schemes is carried out. This research shows:(1) The simple crushing way of artificial sand aggregate, that is, the gravel could directly be smashed by single machine after one break in the hammer crusher.(2) Because the strength of natural aggregate was high,the grading was relatively stable. The intensity of the CASR material was quite uniform. The frost resistance property and impermeability of the CASR was higher than cemented natural sand,gravel and rock material.(3) After the comparison of CASR dam type in the permanent project of Naheng reservoir in Yunnan Province,it saved 10% investment compared with RCC Dam. The CASR dam type has expanded the alternative of damming materials,and provides a new type of dam for the dam construction on the river that has to natural sand and gravel.
引文
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[2] WU Mengxi,DU Bin,YAO Yuancheng,et al. An experimental study on stress-strain behavior and constitutive model of hardfill material[J]. Science China-physics Mechanics&Astronomy,2011,54(11):2015-2024.
[3] AREFIAN A,NOORZAD A,GHAEMIAN M,HOSSEINI A. Seismic evaluation of cemented material dams-A case study of Tobetsu Dam in Japan[J]. Earthquakes and Structures,2016,10(3):717-733.
[4] JIA J,LINO M,JIN F,et al. The cemented material dam:a new,environmentally friendly type of dam[J]. Engineering,2016,2(4):490-497.
[5]贾金生,刘宁,郑璀莹,等.胶结颗粒料坝研究进展与工程应用[J].水利学报,2016,47(3):315-323.
[6]贾金生,马锋玲,李新宇,等.胶凝砂砾石坝材料特性研究及工程应用[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):578-582.
[7]中华人民共和国水利行业标准,胶结颗粒料筑坝技术导则(SL 678-2014)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2014.
[8]冯炜,贾金生,马锋玲.胶凝砂砾石坝筑坝材料耐久性能研究及新型防护材料的研发[J].水利学报,2013,44(4):500-504.
[9]贾金生,刘宁,马峰玲,等.一种胶凝人工砂石材料及其制备方法:中国,201410406353.1[P]. 2014-08-18.
[10]翟洁.胶凝人工砂石坝筑坝材料特性与合理断面研究[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院,2014.
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准,通用硅酸盐水泥(GB 175-2007)[S].北京:中国标准出版社出版,2007.
[12]中华人民共和国国家标准,用于水泥和混凝土中的粉煤灰(GB/T 1596-2017)[S].北京:中国标准出版社出版,2017.
[13]冯炜,贾金生,马锋玲.胶凝砂砾石材料配合比设计参数的研究[J].水利水电技术,2013,44(2):55-58.
[14]中华人民共和国水利行业标准,水工混凝土试验规程(SL 352-2006)[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.
[15]孙明权,杨世锋,柴启辉.胶凝砂砾石坝基础理论研究[J].华北水利水电大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(2):43-46.
[16]袁艳霞.胶凝砂砾石坝经济性分析与研究[J].太原理工大学学报,2012,43(6):754-757.