差异化定价策略下的远洋洲际班轮航速与航线配船优化
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摘要
针对远洋洲际集装箱班轮航速与航线配船优化问题,在考虑集装箱货物时间价值的基础上,通过分析在往返两个长航段上船舶航速变化对货物运输时间的影响,构造了对即期市场客户随航速变化的差异化定价函数,以船公司周利润最大化为目标,构建了集装箱班轮航速与航线配船混合整数非线性规划模型,设计离散化求解算法.算例验证了模型和算法的有效性和适用性.结果表明,差异化定价策略下的航速与航线配船优化,不仅可以降低客户集装箱货物的时间成本,而且也能够明显地增加船公司的运输收益.此外,使最优航速阶梯型下降的燃油价格阈值会随着收益增量比例系数的提高而增大.研究结论可以为船公司航线配船决策提供科学的参考.
This paper addressed the issues of optimizing containership sailing speed and fleet deployment for continental ocean liner. Based on considering container cargo time value, the impact of containership sailing speed changes in the two round long legs on cargo transportation time was analyzed. A differential pricing function with sailing speed as a variable for the spot market customers was constructed. Finally,a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model was established to maximize the total weekly profit of a container shipping liner. A discretization algorithm was designed to solve this problem. Numerical example verifies the validity and applicability of the proposed model and algorithm. It is shown that the optimization of containership sailing speed and fleet deployment under the differentiated pricing strategy can not only reduce container cargo time cost for the customers, but also significantly increase profit for the container shipping liner. Furthermore, the threshold of bunker price, which leads to the optimal containership sailing speed decreases in a ladder form, will enlarge along with the increase of revenue sharing ratio. The findings of this paper can provide a scientific decision-making reference for container shipping liners in fleet deployment problem.
This paper addressed the issues of optimizing containership sailing speed and fleet deployment for continental ocean liner. Based on considering container cargo time value, the impact of containership sailing speed changes in the two round long legs on cargo transportation time was analyzed. A differential pricing function with sailing speed as a variable for the spot market customers was constructed. Finally,a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model was established to maximize the total weekly profit of a container shipping liner. A discretization algorithm was designed to solve this problem. Numerical example verifies the validity and applicability of the proposed model and algorithm. It is shown that the optimization of containership sailing speed and fleet deployment under the differentiated pricing strategy can not only reduce container cargo time cost for the customers, but also significantly increase profit for the container shipping liner. Furthermore, the threshold of bunker price, which leads to the optimal containership sailing speed decreases in a ladder form, will enlarge along with the increase of revenue sharing ratio. The findings of this paper can provide a scientific decision-making reference for container shipping liners in fleet deployment problem.
引文
[1]Wang S, Meng Q. Robust bunker management for liner shipping networks[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2015, 243(3):789-797.
[2]Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Nygreen B, et al. Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2013, 228(3):467-483.
[3]Gelareh S, Meng Q. A novel modeling approach for the fleet deployment problem within a short-term planning horizon[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics&Transportation Review, 2010, 46(1):76-89.
[4]Perakis A N, Jaramillo D I. Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping Part 1. Background, problem formulation and solution approaches[J]. Maritime Policy and Management, 1991, 18(3):183-200.
[5]Jaramillo D I, Perakis A N. Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping Part 2. Implementation and results[J]. Maritime Policy and Management, 1991, 18(4):235-262.
[6]Meng Q, Wang T, Wang S. Short-term liner ship fleet planning with container transhipment and uncertain container shipment demand[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 223(1):96-105.
[7]Ng M W. Distribution-free vessel deployment for liner shipping[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2014, 238(3):858-862.
[8]Ronen D. The effect of oil price on containership speed and fleet size[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2011, 62(1):211-216.
[9]Brouer B D, Alvarez F, Plum C E M, et al. A base integer programming model and benchmark suite for liner-shipping network design[J]. Transportation Science, 2014, 48(2):281-312.
[10]Wang S,Meng Q. Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics and Transportation Review, 2012, 48(3):701-714.
[11]许欢,刘伟,尚雨廷.低碳经济下班轮航线配船模型及其算法实现[J].交通输系统工程与信息,2013, 13(4):176-181.Xu H,Liu W, Shang Y T. Fleet deployment model for liners under low-carbon economy and its algorithms implementation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2013, 13(4):176-181.
[12]Wang S, Meng Q. Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics and Transportation Review, 2012, 48(3):701-714.
[13]杨忠振,郭利泉,董夏丹.不同市场环境下的班轮航配船与航速优化[J].中国航海,2015, 38(4):110-115.Yang Z Z,Guo L Q, Dong X D. Fleet deployment and speed optimization for liners in terms of different market Environments[J]. Navigation of China, 2015, 38(4):110-115.
[14]Wang S, Qu X, Yang Y. Estimation of the perceived value of transit time for containerized cargoes[J]. Transportation Research Part A—Policy&Practice, 2015, 78:298-308.
[15]曾庆成,岳安娜,孙赫迎,等.基于差价补偿策略的集装箱班轮运输定价模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017, 37(9):2366-2372.Zeng Q C, Yue A N, Sun H Y, et al. A pricing model for the container liner shipping based on price matching policies[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(9):2366-2372.
[16]Wang S, Meng Q. Liner shipping network design with deadlines[J]. Computers&Operations Research, 2014,41(1):140-149.
[17]杨华龙,吴凌霄,岳安娜,等.基于收益管理的班轮联盟舱位互换与分配优化[J].系统工程理论与实践,2016, 36(7):1806-1815.Yang H L, Wu L X, Yue A N, et al. Optimization of slot mutual exchange and allocation based on revenue management in liner alliance[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2016, 36(7):1806-1815.
[18]Wang N, Yan B, Wu N, et al. Comments on"case studies of shipping along arctic routes. analysis and profitability perspectives for the container sector"[Transp. Res. Part A:Policy Pract. 66(2014)144-161][J]. Transportation Research Part A—Policy&Practice, 2016, 94:699-702.
[19]Wang S, Meng Q, Liu Z. Bunker consumption optimization methods in shipping:A critical review and extensions[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics&Transportation Review, 2013, 53(1):49-62.
[2]Christiansen M, Fagerholt K, Nygreen B, et al. Ship routing and scheduling in the new millennium[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2013, 228(3):467-483.
[3]Gelareh S, Meng Q. A novel modeling approach for the fleet deployment problem within a short-term planning horizon[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics&Transportation Review, 2010, 46(1):76-89.
[4]Perakis A N, Jaramillo D I. Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping Part 1. Background, problem formulation and solution approaches[J]. Maritime Policy and Management, 1991, 18(3):183-200.
[5]Jaramillo D I, Perakis A N. Fleet deployment optimization for liner shipping Part 2. Implementation and results[J]. Maritime Policy and Management, 1991, 18(4):235-262.
[6]Meng Q, Wang T, Wang S. Short-term liner ship fleet planning with container transhipment and uncertain container shipment demand[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2012, 223(1):96-105.
[7]Ng M W. Distribution-free vessel deployment for liner shipping[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,2014, 238(3):858-862.
[8]Ronen D. The effect of oil price on containership speed and fleet size[J]. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 2011, 62(1):211-216.
[9]Brouer B D, Alvarez F, Plum C E M, et al. A base integer programming model and benchmark suite for liner-shipping network design[J]. Transportation Science, 2014, 48(2):281-312.
[10]Wang S,Meng Q. Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics and Transportation Review, 2012, 48(3):701-714.
[11]许欢,刘伟,尚雨廷.低碳经济下班轮航线配船模型及其算法实现[J].交通输系统工程与信息,2013, 13(4):176-181.Xu H,Liu W, Shang Y T. Fleet deployment model for liners under low-carbon economy and its algorithms implementation[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2013, 13(4):176-181.
[12]Wang S, Meng Q. Sailing speed optimization for container ships in a liner shipping network[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics and Transportation Review, 2012, 48(3):701-714.
[13]杨忠振,郭利泉,董夏丹.不同市场环境下的班轮航配船与航速优化[J].中国航海,2015, 38(4):110-115.Yang Z Z,Guo L Q, Dong X D. Fleet deployment and speed optimization for liners in terms of different market Environments[J]. Navigation of China, 2015, 38(4):110-115.
[14]Wang S, Qu X, Yang Y. Estimation of the perceived value of transit time for containerized cargoes[J]. Transportation Research Part A—Policy&Practice, 2015, 78:298-308.
[15]曾庆成,岳安娜,孙赫迎,等.基于差价补偿策略的集装箱班轮运输定价模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2017, 37(9):2366-2372.Zeng Q C, Yue A N, Sun H Y, et al. A pricing model for the container liner shipping based on price matching policies[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2017, 37(9):2366-2372.
[16]Wang S, Meng Q. Liner shipping network design with deadlines[J]. Computers&Operations Research, 2014,41(1):140-149.
[17]杨华龙,吴凌霄,岳安娜,等.基于收益管理的班轮联盟舱位互换与分配优化[J].系统工程理论与实践,2016, 36(7):1806-1815.Yang H L, Wu L X, Yue A N, et al. Optimization of slot mutual exchange and allocation based on revenue management in liner alliance[J]. Systems Engineering—Theory&Practice, 2016, 36(7):1806-1815.
[18]Wang N, Yan B, Wu N, et al. Comments on"case studies of shipping along arctic routes. analysis and profitability perspectives for the container sector"[Transp. Res. Part A:Policy Pract. 66(2014)144-161][J]. Transportation Research Part A—Policy&Practice, 2016, 94:699-702.
[19]Wang S, Meng Q, Liu Z. Bunker consumption optimization methods in shipping:A critical review and extensions[J]. Transportation Research Part E—Logistics&Transportation Review, 2013, 53(1):49-62.