碰撞对山区高墩桥弹塑性动力响应的影响
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摘要
为了研究碰撞对山区高墩桥动力响应的影响,以某一大跨度高墩桥体系为原型,充分考虑了碰撞过程中的刚度变化、能量耗散以及桥墩的非线性行为,基于Open Sess平台建立了两种典型桥跨结构的弹塑性动力分析模型.在此基础上,利用所选的天然地震波和人工地震波对比分析了碰撞效应对山区高墩桥弹塑性动力响应的影响.研究结果表明:碰撞会对高墩桥结构的动力响应产生较为明显的影响,特别是场地条件较差时,其最大改变率为15.86%,桥墩与主梁的连接方式会进一步改变碰撞对桥墩变形的影响程度;相邻结构动力特性差异越大,高墩桥体系发生碰撞的概率就越大,但碰撞次数的增加可能会对桥墩变形起到限制作用,降低桥墩的响应,在确定山区高墩桥体系相邻结构周期比时,既要考虑相邻结构动力特性差异对碰撞概率的影响,还应考虑其对碰撞效应的影响;高墩桥的梁-桥台碰撞主要受地震动作用大小的影响,地震动的强度和相邻结构动力特性的差异均会对梁-梁碰撞产生影响,在对高墩桥进行减撞防撞设计时,应针对不同的碰撞位置采取不同的措施.
To study the effect of pounding on the seismic response of high-pier bridge in mountainous areas,the elastic-plastic dynamic analysis models of two typical bridge structures were established by using the Open Sees framework,based on the prototype of a real high-pier bridge.The variation in stiffness,energy dissipation during the pounding process,and the non-linear behavior of the piers were fully considered in the models.Additionally,the effect of pounding on dynamic responses of a highpier bridge was analyzed by using the selected natural and artificial ground motions.The results show that pounding can significantly affect the structural responses,especially for poor site conditions,and the maximum change rate is 15.86%.Moreover,the method of connecting the pier and beam further influences the effect of pounding on the pier displacement;A larger difference in dynamic characteristics of adjacent structures corresponds to a larger probability of collision;however,the increasing frequency of pounding may reduce the responses of piers,owing to the restriction effect onthe pier deformation.Thus,when selecting the period ratio of adjacent structures,it is necessary to consider its effect on not only the probability of pounding,but also on the degree of effect of pounding.In comparison,beam-abutment pounding is mainly affected by the intensity of ground motions,whereas the beam-beam pounding is influenced by both the intensity of ground motions and the difference in dynamic characteristics of adjacent structures.Therefore,in seismic design,to reduce the pounding of high-pier bridges,it is suggested that different measures should be adopted for different pounding positions.
To study the effect of pounding on the seismic response of high-pier bridge in mountainous areas,the elastic-plastic dynamic analysis models of two typical bridge structures were established by using the Open Sees framework,based on the prototype of a real high-pier bridge.The variation in stiffness,energy dissipation during the pounding process,and the non-linear behavior of the piers were fully considered in the models.Additionally,the effect of pounding on dynamic responses of a highpier bridge was analyzed by using the selected natural and artificial ground motions.The results show that pounding can significantly affect the structural responses,especially for poor site conditions,and the maximum change rate is 15.86%.Moreover,the method of connecting the pier and beam further influences the effect of pounding on the pier displacement;A larger difference in dynamic characteristics of adjacent structures corresponds to a larger probability of collision;however,the increasing frequency of pounding may reduce the responses of piers,owing to the restriction effect onthe pier deformation.Thus,when selecting the period ratio of adjacent structures,it is necessary to consider its effect on not only the probability of pounding,but also on the degree of effect of pounding.In comparison,beam-abutment pounding is mainly affected by the intensity of ground motions,whereas the beam-beam pounding is influenced by both the intensity of ground motions and the difference in dynamic characteristics of adjacent structures.Therefore,in seismic design,to reduce the pounding of high-pier bridges,it is suggested that different measures should be adopted for different pounding positions.
引文
[1]宋晓东,李建中.山区桥梁的抗震概念设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(1):92-96.Song Xiaodong,Li Jianzhong.Seismic conceptual design for mountain bridges[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(1):92-96.
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[4]MOEHLE J P.Northridge earthquake of January 171994:Reconnaissance report,volume 1-highway bridge and traffic management[J].Earthquake Spectra,1995,11(3):287-372.
[5]BRUNEAU M.Performance of steel bridges during the1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu(Kobe,Japan)earthquake-a North American perspective[J].Engineering Structures,1998,20(12):1063-1078.
[6]HAN Q,DU X,LIU J,et al.Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(2):263-273.
[7]李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥纵向地震反应及碰撞效应[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(1):84-90.Li Jianzhong,Fan Lichu.Longitudinal seismic response and pounding effects of girder bridges with unconventional configurations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(1):84-90.
[8]PRIESTLEY M N,SEIBLE F,CALVI G M.Seismic design and retrofit of bridges[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,1996:155-264.
[9]ZANARDO G,HAO H,MODENA C.Seismic response of multi-span simply supported bridges to a spatially varying earthquake ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2010,31(6):1325-1345.
[10]WON J H,MHA H S,KIM S H.Effects of the earthquake-induced pounding upon pier motions in the multi-span simply supported steel girder bridge[J].Engineering Structures,2015,93:1-12.
[11]JANKOWSKI R,WILDE K,FUJINO Y.Pounding of superstructure segments in isolated elevated bridge during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2015,27(5):487-502.
[12]MALHOTRA P K.Dynamics of seismic pounding at expansion joints of concrete bridges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(7):794-802.
[13]DESROCHES R,MUTHUKUMAR S.Effect of pounding and restrainers on seismic response of multiple-frame bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(7):860-869.
[14]CHOUW N,HAO H.Significance of SSI and nonuniform near-fault ground motions in bridge responseⅠ:effect on response with conventional expansion joint[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(1):141-153.
[15]NAVA F,NOBILI C,FERLA G.Experimental investigation of inelastic bridge response under spatially varying excitations with pounding[J].Engineering Structures,2014,79(54):106-116.
[16]MUTHUKUMAR S,DESROCHES R.A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2006,35(7):811-828.
[17]GUO Anxin,CUI Lili,LI Hui.Impact stiffness of the Contact-Element models for the pounding analysis of highway bridges:experimental evaluation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2012,16(8):1132-1160.
[18]BI K,HAO H,CHOUW N.Influence of ground motion spatial variation,site condition and SSI on the required separation distances of bridge structures to avoid seismic pounding[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2011,40(9):1027-1043.
[19]周光伟,李建中,陈昌萍,等.行波输入下连续梁桥纵向墩梁相对位移碰撞效应分析[J].世界地震工程,2012,28(4):51-57.ZHOU Guangwei,LI Jianzhong,CHEN Changping,et al.Analysis of longitudinal pounding due to relative displacement between pier top and girder of continuous girder bridge under input of traveling wave[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2012,28(4):51-57.
[20]LI B,BI K,CHOUW N,et al.Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2012,41(14):1959-1976.
[21]高玉峰,蒲黔辉,李晓斌.考虑碰撞效应的双柱式高墩桥梁非线性地震反应特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(4):36-45.GAO Yufeng,PU Qianhui,LI Xiaobin.Nonlinear seismic response characteristics of bridge with doublecolumn high-rise piers considering pounding effect[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(4):36-45.
[22]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Analysis on pounding effect of irregular girder bridges under transverse earthquake[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30.
[23]YASSIN M H M.Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cycling loads[D].Berkeley:University of California,1994.
[24]FILIPPOU F C,POPOV E P,BERTERO V V.Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints[R].Berkeley:University of California,1983.
[25]MUTHUKUMAR S.A contact element approach with hysteresis damping for the analysis and design of pounding in bridges[D].Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2003.
[26]VANMARCKE E H,GASPARINI D A.Simulated earthquake motions compatible with prescribed response spectra[R].Boston:Dept.of Civil Engineering,Massachusetts Inst.of Technology,1976.
[27]PEER.Technical report for the PEER ground motion database web application[R].Berkeley:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2010.
[2]中华人民共和国交通运输部.JTG/T B02-01—2008公路桥梁抗震设计细则[S].北京:重庆交通科研设计院,2008.
[3]LEW H S.Performance of structures during the loma prieta earthquake of October 17,1989[M].Washington D C:NIST SP 778,1990:5-7.
[4]MOEHLE J P.Northridge earthquake of January 171994:Reconnaissance report,volume 1-highway bridge and traffic management[J].Earthquake Spectra,1995,11(3):287-372.
[5]BRUNEAU M.Performance of steel bridges during the1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu(Kobe,Japan)earthquake-a North American perspective[J].Engineering Structures,1998,20(12):1063-1078.
[6]HAN Q,DU X,LIU J,et al.Seismic damage of highway bridges during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(2):263-273.
[7]李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥纵向地震反应及碰撞效应[J].土木工程学报,2005,38(1):84-90.Li Jianzhong,Fan Lichu.Longitudinal seismic response and pounding effects of girder bridges with unconventional configurations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2005,38(1):84-90.
[8]PRIESTLEY M N,SEIBLE F,CALVI G M.Seismic design and retrofit of bridges[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,1996:155-264.
[9]ZANARDO G,HAO H,MODENA C.Seismic response of multi-span simply supported bridges to a spatially varying earthquake ground motion[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2010,31(6):1325-1345.
[10]WON J H,MHA H S,KIM S H.Effects of the earthquake-induced pounding upon pier motions in the multi-span simply supported steel girder bridge[J].Engineering Structures,2015,93:1-12.
[11]JANKOWSKI R,WILDE K,FUJINO Y.Pounding of superstructure segments in isolated elevated bridge during earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2015,27(5):487-502.
[12]MALHOTRA P K.Dynamics of seismic pounding at expansion joints of concrete bridges[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1998,124(7):794-802.
[13]DESROCHES R,MUTHUKUMAR S.Effect of pounding and restrainers on seismic response of multiple-frame bridges[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(7):860-869.
[14]CHOUW N,HAO H.Significance of SSI and nonuniform near-fault ground motions in bridge responseⅠ:effect on response with conventional expansion joint[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(1):141-153.
[15]NAVA F,NOBILI C,FERLA G.Experimental investigation of inelastic bridge response under spatially varying excitations with pounding[J].Engineering Structures,2014,79(54):106-116.
[16]MUTHUKUMAR S,DESROCHES R.A Hertz contact model with non-linear damping for pounding simulation[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2006,35(7):811-828.
[17]GUO Anxin,CUI Lili,LI Hui.Impact stiffness of the Contact-Element models for the pounding analysis of highway bridges:experimental evaluation[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering,2012,16(8):1132-1160.
[18]BI K,HAO H,CHOUW N.Influence of ground motion spatial variation,site condition and SSI on the required separation distances of bridge structures to avoid seismic pounding[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2011,40(9):1027-1043.
[19]周光伟,李建中,陈昌萍,等.行波输入下连续梁桥纵向墩梁相对位移碰撞效应分析[J].世界地震工程,2012,28(4):51-57.ZHOU Guangwei,LI Jianzhong,CHEN Changping,et al.Analysis of longitudinal pounding due to relative displacement between pier top and girder of continuous girder bridge under input of traveling wave[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2012,28(4):51-57.
[20]LI B,BI K,CHOUW N,et al.Experimental investigation of spatially varying effect of ground motions on bridge pounding[J].Earthquake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2012,41(14):1959-1976.
[21]高玉峰,蒲黔辉,李晓斌.考虑碰撞效应的双柱式高墩桥梁非线性地震反应特性研究[J].公路交通科技,2011,28(4):36-45.GAO Yufeng,PU Qianhui,LI Xiaobin.Nonlinear seismic response characteristics of bridge with doublecolumn high-rise piers considering pounding effect[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2011,28(4):36-45.
[22]王军文,李建中,范立础.非规则梁桥横桥向地震碰撞反应分析[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(6):25-30.WANG Junwen,LI Jianzhong,FAN Lichu.Analysis on pounding effect of irregular girder bridges under transverse earthquake[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(6):25-30.
[23]YASSIN M H M.Nonlinear analysis of prestressed concrete structures under monotonic and cycling loads[D].Berkeley:University of California,1994.
[24]FILIPPOU F C,POPOV E P,BERTERO V V.Effects of bond deterioration on hysteretic behavior of reinforced concrete joints[R].Berkeley:University of California,1983.
[25]MUTHUKUMAR S.A contact element approach with hysteresis damping for the analysis and design of pounding in bridges[D].Georgia:Georgia Institute of Technology,2003.
[26]VANMARCKE E H,GASPARINI D A.Simulated earthquake motions compatible with prescribed response spectra[R].Boston:Dept.of Civil Engineering,Massachusetts Inst.of Technology,1976.
[27]PEER.Technical report for the PEER ground motion database web application[R].Berkeley:Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,2010.