不同外源物质对化学封顶棉花生物量及产量品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】研究盛花期喷施不同外源物质对化学封顶棉花叶绿素含量、生物量积累、产量形成及纤维品质的影响,优化化学封顶技术,为优质棉生产提供理论依据。【方法】以棉花品种新陆早72号为材料,盛花期(7月17日)喷施8种不同外源物质,分别为:T1,0.4 mmol/L 6-BA;T2, 35 mmol/L辛酸甲酯;T3, 30 g/hm~2调酸环钙;T4, 35 mmol/L癸酸甲酯;T5, 0.24 mmol/L复硝酚钠;T6, 0.056 mmol/L DA-6;T7, 0.096 mmol/L NAA;T8, 0.01 mmol/L三十烷醇;CK,清水。在喷施药后0、14、28和42 d时测定9株代表性棉株各部位的干物质重,在喷施药后0、7、14和21 d时测定棉花倒四叶片叶绿素含量的影响。【结果】8种外源物质在改善棉花叶绿素含量,生物量、产量及品质上均有一定作用,辛酸甲酯(T2)、萘乙酸钠(T7)、复硝酚钠(T5)调环酸钙(T3)等能提高叶绿素含量,增加生物量积累,提高籽棉产量,利于品质提升,其中辛酸甲酯(T2)与对照比能显著提高叶绿素含量10%以上、有利于生物量积累与分配,单株铃数增加9.15%,籽棉产量增加25.50%,提高纤维长度、整齐度、比强度、伸长率等整体效果最优。【结论】在盛花期叶面喷施不同外源物质可以有效的提高叶绿素含量,成铃数、铃重增加及纤维长度,增长效果明显。辛酸甲酯能显著提高叶绿素含量、干物质积累与分配,并提高单铃重和籽棉产量,其次萘乙酸钠、复硝酚钠、调环酸钙、6-BA处理。
【Objective】 The effects of spraying different exogenous substances on chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, yield formation and fiber quality of chemically capped cotton were studied by field experiments in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing chemical capping technology and promoting high quality cotton production. 【Methods】 The cotton variety Xinluzao 72 was used as the test material. During the full bloom period(July 17 th), 8 different exogenous substances were sprayed: T1, 0.4 mmol/L 6-BA; T2, 35 mmol/L octanoic acid. Methyl ester; T3, 30 g/hm~2 acid-regulating calcium; T4, 35 mmol/L methyl citrate; T5, 0.24 mmol/L sodium nitrophenolate; T6, 0.056 mmol/L DA-6; T7, 0.096 mmol/L NAA; T8, 0.01 mmol/L triacontanol; CK, clear water. The dry matter weight of each representative cotton plant was measured at 0 d, 14 d, 28 d and 42 d after spraying. The effect of chlorophyll content on the four leaves of cotton was determined at 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d after spraying 【Results】 The results showed that 8 kinds of exogenous substances had certain effects on improving cotton chlorophyll content, biomass, yield and quality. Methyl octanoate(T2), sodium naphthalene acetate(T7) and sodium nitrophenolate(T5) were adjusted. Calcium acid(T3) could increase chlorophyll content, increase biomass accumulation, increase seed cotton yield, and improve quality. Among them, methyl octanoate(T2) and CK could significantly increase chlorophyll content by more than 10%, which was beneficial to biomass accumulation and distribution. The number of bolls per plant was increased by 9.15% and the yield of seed cotton was increased by 25.50%. The overall effect of increasing fiber length, uniformity, specific strength and elongation was the best. 【Conclusions】 Spraying different exogenous substances on the foliage during the full bloom period can effectively increase the chlorophyll content, the number of bolls, increase the boll weight and the length of the fiber, and the growth effect is obvious. Methyl octanoate can significantly increase chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and increase single boll weight and seed cotton yield, followed by sodium naphthaleneacetate, sodium nitrophenolate, calcium cyclamate, and 6-BA.
【Objective】 The effects of spraying different exogenous substances on chlorophyll content, biomass accumulation, yield formation and fiber quality of chemically capped cotton were studied by field experiments in order to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing chemical capping technology and promoting high quality cotton production. 【Methods】 The cotton variety Xinluzao 72 was used as the test material. During the full bloom period(July 17 th), 8 different exogenous substances were sprayed: T1, 0.4 mmol/L 6-BA; T2, 35 mmol/L octanoic acid. Methyl ester; T3, 30 g/hm~2 acid-regulating calcium; T4, 35 mmol/L methyl citrate; T5, 0.24 mmol/L sodium nitrophenolate; T6, 0.056 mmol/L DA-6; T7, 0.096 mmol/L NAA; T8, 0.01 mmol/L triacontanol; CK, clear water. The dry matter weight of each representative cotton plant was measured at 0 d, 14 d, 28 d and 42 d after spraying. The effect of chlorophyll content on the four leaves of cotton was determined at 0 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d after spraying 【Results】 The results showed that 8 kinds of exogenous substances had certain effects on improving cotton chlorophyll content, biomass, yield and quality. Methyl octanoate(T2), sodium naphthalene acetate(T7) and sodium nitrophenolate(T5) were adjusted. Calcium acid(T3) could increase chlorophyll content, increase biomass accumulation, increase seed cotton yield, and improve quality. Among them, methyl octanoate(T2) and CK could significantly increase chlorophyll content by more than 10%, which was beneficial to biomass accumulation and distribution. The number of bolls per plant was increased by 9.15% and the yield of seed cotton was increased by 25.50%. The overall effect of increasing fiber length, uniformity, specific strength and elongation was the best. 【Conclusions】 Spraying different exogenous substances on the foliage during the full bloom period can effectively increase the chlorophyll content, the number of bolls, increase the boll weight and the length of the fiber, and the growth effect is obvious. Methyl octanoate can significantly increase chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and increase single boll weight and seed cotton yield, followed by sodium naphthaleneacetate, sodium nitrophenolate, calcium cyclamate, and 6-BA.
引文
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[2] 李新裕,陈玉娟.新疆垦区长绒棉化学封顶取代人工打顶试验研究[J].中国棉花,2001,28 (1):11-12.LI Xin-yu,CHEN Yu-juan.(2001).The test of chemical inhibition and re-placing topping on long-staple cotton in Xinjiang reclamation area [J].China Cotton,28 (1):11-12.(in Chinese)
[3] 赵强,张巨松,周春江,等.化学打顶对棉花群体容量的拓展效应[J].棉花学报,2011,(5) :401- 407.ZHAO Qiang,ZHANG Ju-song,ZHOU Chun-jiang,et al.(2011).Chemical Detopping Increases the Optimum Plant Density in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) [J].Cotton Science,(5):401-407.(in Chinese)
[4] 赵强,周春江,张巨松,等.化学打顶对南疆棉花农艺和经济性状的影响[J].棉花学报,2011,(4) :329-333.ZHAO Qiang,ZHOU Chun-jiang,ZHANG Ju-song,et al.(2011).Effect of Chemical Detopping on the Canopy and Yield of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Southern Xinjiang [J].Cotton Science,(4):329 -333.(in Chinese)
[5] SOFIA G,Robert W S.(2001).Plant hormones alter fiber initianon in unfertilized cultured ovules of Gossypium hirsu tun:[J].The Journal of Cotton Science,(5):252-258.
[6] 李雪,朱昌华,夏凯,等.辛酸甲酯、癸酸甲酯和 6- BA 对棉花去顶的影响[J].棉花学报,2009,(1):70-72.LI Xue,ZHU Chang-hua,XIA Kai,et al.(2009).Effects of methyl octanoate,methyl decanoate and 6-BA on topping in cotton [J].Cotton Science,(1):70-72.(in Chinese)
[7] 郑莎莎,孙传范,孙红春,等.不同外源激素对花铃期棉花主茎叶生理特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(12):4 383-4 389.ZHENG Sha-sha,SUN Chuan-fan,SUN Hong-chun,et al.(2009).Effects of Different Exogenous Hormones on Physiological Characteristics of Main Stem Leaves at Flower and Boll Stage in Cotton [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,42(12):4,383-4,389.(in Chinese)
[8] 王乃宁,高鹤荣,季艳,等.0.6%奈乙酸水剂调节棉花生长药效试验[J].现代农业科技,2009,(9):87-89.WANG Nai-ning,GAO He-rong,JI Yan,et al.(2009).0.6% Neicyl Acetate Aqueous Solution for Adjusting Effect of Cotton Growth [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,(9):87-89.(in Chinese)
[9] 郑娜,翟伟卜,张珊珊,等.棉花成熟与衰老的影响因素及其调控策略[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(9):1 310-1 314.ZHENG Na,ZHAI Wei-bu,ZHANG Shan-shan,et al.(2014).Factors Affecting Cotton Maturation and Senescence Processes and the Corresponding Regulative Strategies [J].Plant Physiology Journal,50(9):1,310-1,314.(in Chinese)
[10] 高明福.促根剂在棉花滴灌上的应用[J].安徽农学通报,2007,13(7):187- 188.GAO Ming-fu.(2007).Application of Root-stimulating Agent in Drip Irrigation of Cotton [J].Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,13(7):187- 188.(in Chinese)
[11] 杨继芝,赵书珍.棉花滴灌促根剂对棉子发芽与幼苗生长的影响效应[J].农业与技术,2004,24(3):105-107.YANG Ji-zhi,ZHAO Shu-zhen.(2004).Effects of Cotton Drip Irrigation on Root Germination and Seedling Growth [J].Agriculture & Technology,24(3):105-107.(in Chinese)
[12] 苑学亮,杨春蕾,周建斌.水分胁迫下不同化学物质浸种对小麦发芽及幼苗生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):184-187.YUAN Xue-liang,YANG Chun-lei,ZHOU Jian-bin.(2009).Effects of soaking seeds with different chemical substances on wheat germination and seedling growth under water stress [J].Agricultural Research in Arid Areas,27(3):184-187.(in Chinese)
[13] 拓秀丽,郑险峰,周建斌.不同化学及营养调控措施配合对旱地冬小麦生长及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3):63-67.TOU Xiu-li,ZHENG Xian-feng,ZHOU Jian-bin.(2008).Effects of Different Chemical and Nutritional Control Measures on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat in Dryland[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,26(3):63-67.(in Chinese)
[14] 慕自新,马富裕,郑重,等.膜下滴灌棉花随水根施多效唑的效果分析与化控技术的探讨[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(4):54-57.MU Zi-xin,MA Fu-yu,ZHENG Zhong,et al.(2004).Effect of applying PP333to cotton roots with drip irrigation under film-mulching and new chemical control technology [J].Transactions of the CSAE,20(4):54-57.(in Chinese)
[15] 赵世杰.叶绿素的定量测定[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:72-75.ZHAO Shi-jie.(2000).Quantitative determination of chlorophyll [M].Beijing:China Agricultural Press:72-75.(in Chinese)
[16] 邓忠,白丹,翟国亮,等.不同植物生长调节剂对新疆棉花干物质积累、产量和品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2011,29(3):122-127.DENG Zhong,BAI Dan,ZHAI Guo-liang,et al.(2011).Effects of different plant growth regulators on dry matter accumulation,yield and quality of cotton in Xinjiang [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,29(3):122-127.(in Chinese)
[17] 柳维扬.覆膜滴灌条件下高产棉花生长发育与NPK特性研究 [D].武汉:华中农业大学硕士论文,2008.LIU Wei-yang.(2008).Application of NPK Characteristics of High Yield Cotton under Drip Irrigation [D].Master Dissertation.Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan.(in Chinese)
[18] 王克如,李少昆,宋光杰,等.新疆棉花高产栽培生理指标研究[J].中国农业科学,2002,35(6):638-644.WANG Ke-ru,LI Shao-kun,SONG Guang-jie,et al.(2002).Studies on Cultivated Physiological Indexes for High-yielding Cotton in Xinjiang [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,35(6):638-644.(in Chinese)
[19] 罗宏海,张亚黎,朱波.南疆超高产杂交棉标杂a1的光合生产特性研究[J].新疆农垦科技,2007,(4):7-9.LUO Hong-hai,ZHANG Ya-li,ZHU Bo.(2007).Study on Photosynthetic Production Characteristics of Super High Yield Hybrid Cotton Standard A1 in Southern Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Reclamation Science and Technology,(4):7-9.(in Chinese)
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