不同灌溉处理稻田小气候特征及生理特性研究
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摘要
为研究不同灌溉处理稻田小气候特征变化,于2017年7-8月在稻田设置3个不同的灌溉处理,对照处理(CK)、5 cm灌水(A1)和10 cm灌水(A2),对比分析不同灌溉处理对稻田气温、相对湿度和土壤温度的影响以及地面温度变化的估算。结果表明,与对照处理相比,灌溉使冠层内空气温度降低,相对湿度增加,且温度与相对湿度呈相反的日变化趋势,40 cm比80 cm高度变化明显; A1和A2处理的土壤温度低于CK处理,且随着土层深度的增加,降温效果变小,日变幅也逐渐减小;灌溉后空气温湿度和土温的日变幅明显减小;不同灌溉处理地面温度变化估算值与实测值的R2在0.9左右,两者相差较小,效果较好。随着灌水深度的增加,稻田叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率逐渐增大,A1和A2处理的净光合速率分别较CK处理高3.68和4.32μmol/(m2·s),且A1和A2处理与CK均达到显著差异水平。
The impacts of different irrigation modes on rice field micro-climate were studied from July to August in 2017. Three irrigation modes were conducted in this field experiment,which were named as control treatment( CK),5 cm irrigation( A1) and 10 cm irrigation( A2),respectively. The results showed that compared with the CK,irrigation decreased the air temperature,but improved the relative humidity among paddy field,while air temperature and relative humidity showed the opposite diurnal variation. The temperature of the soil in A1 and A2 treatments were lower than that in CK treatment. With the increase of soil depth,the cooling effect became smaller and the daily variation amplitude decreased gradually. After the irrigation,the air temperature,humidity and soil temperature daily change significantly reduced. The R2 of the estimated and measured ground temperature changes were about 0.9 in different irrigation modes,the difference was small and the effect was good. The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of paddy leaves increased with the increase of irrigation depth. The net photosynthetic rate of A1 and A2 treatments were 3. 68 and 4. 32 μmol/( cm2·s) higher than CK,respectively. A1 and A2 treatment and CK all reached significant differences.
The impacts of different irrigation modes on rice field micro-climate were studied from July to August in 2017. Three irrigation modes were conducted in this field experiment,which were named as control treatment( CK),5 cm irrigation( A1) and 10 cm irrigation( A2),respectively. The results showed that compared with the CK,irrigation decreased the air temperature,but improved the relative humidity among paddy field,while air temperature and relative humidity showed the opposite diurnal variation. The temperature of the soil in A1 and A2 treatments were lower than that in CK treatment. With the increase of soil depth,the cooling effect became smaller and the daily variation amplitude decreased gradually. After the irrigation,the air temperature,humidity and soil temperature daily change significantly reduced. The R2 of the estimated and measured ground temperature changes were about 0.9 in different irrigation modes,the difference was small and the effect was good. The net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of paddy leaves increased with the increase of irrigation depth. The net photosynthetic rate of A1 and A2 treatments were 3. 68 and 4. 32 μmol/( cm2·s) higher than CK,respectively. A1 and A2 treatment and CK all reached significant differences.
引文
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[4] He F. Effects of N rates on canopy microclimate and population health in irrigated rice[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2009,10(6):79-83.
[5]刘洋,栗岩峰,李久生,等.东北半湿润区膜下滴灌对农田水热和玉米产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):93-104.
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[7]王兴亚,周勋波,钟雯雯,等.种植方式和施氮量对冬小麦产量和农田小气候的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):14-21.
[8]雷钧杰,张永强,陈兴武,等.施氮量对新疆滴灌冬小麦冠层结构及其小气候特征的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(10):1-14.
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[10] Confalonieri R,Mariani L,Faeehetti M,et al. Analysis of temperature profiles in flooded rice field:preliminary results[J]. International Rice Research Notes,2002,27(2):39-40.
[11]王庆改,康跃虎,刘海军,等.喷灌对冠层水汽交换的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):46-51.
[12] Tolk J A,Howell T A,Steiner J L,et al. Role of transpiration suppression by evaporation of intercepted water in improving irrigation efficiency[J]. Irrigation Science,1995,6(2):89-95.
[13]谭孟祥,景元书,薛杨,等.水层深度对早稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程时叶片生理特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(5):553-560.
[14]余卫东,成林.灌溉对孕穗期冬小麦农田温度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1 701-1 706.
[15]孙贯芳,杜斌,屈忠义,等.不同灌溉模式下土壤温度的变化及对气温的响应特征[J].土壤,2016,(3):581-587.
[16] Cavero J,Medina E T,Puig M,et al. Sprinkler irrigation changes maize canopy microclimate and crop water status,transpiration,and temperature.[J]. Agronomy Journal,2009,101(4):854-864.
[17]李智,尹娟,郑艳军.不同灌溉定额对枸杞光合特性及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016,(9):71-73.
[18]戚迎龙,史海滨,李瑞平,等.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对玉米光合特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017,(1):50-52.
[19] Saadia R,Huber L,Lacroix B. Modification du microclimat d'un couvert de ma6s au moyen de l'irrigation par aspersion en vue de la gestion des stress thermiques des organes reproducteurs[J]. Agronomie,1996,16(8):465-477.
[20] Wanjura D F,Upchurch D R. Canopy temperature characterizations of corn and cotton water status[J]. Transactions of the Asae,2000,43(4):867-875.
[21]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1 028-1 036.
[22]许秀娟,张嵩午.冷型小麦灌浆期农田小气候特征分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(4):34-37.
[23]严菊芳,张嵩午,刘党校,等.干旱胁迫下不同温型小麦农田微气象特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(10):49-54.
[24]王波,余海兵,支银娟.玉米不同种植模式对田间小气候和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(3):623-627.
[25]宋伟,赵长星,王月福,等.不同种植方式对花生田间小气候效应和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7 188-7 195.
[26]张世春,聂晓,王毅勇,等.浅水灌溉对寒地井灌稻田温度和产量构成因素的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(12):86-89.
[27]周立宏,李秀芬,王伯伦,等.稻田小气候特征及其对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(5):81-85.
[28]钟阳和施生锦.农业小气候学(面向21世纪课程教材)[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[29]张盼盼,周瑜,宋慧,等.不同肥力水平下糜子生长状况及农田小气候特征比较[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):473-480.
[30]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,57(3):333-342.
[31]许华森,毕华兴,高路博,等.晋西黄土区苹果+大豆间作系统小气候及其对作物生产力的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(2):9-15.
[32]李莉娜,刘兆礼,闫敏华,等.毛苔草、漂筏苔草沼泽地与大豆地近地层晴夜气温和相对湿度分布及对比研究[J].湿地科学,2010,8(1):86-91.
[33]陈丽娟,张新民,王小军,等.不同土壤水分处理对膜上灌春小麦土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):9-13.
[34]韩丙芳,田军仓,杨金忠.玉米膜上灌溉条件下土壤水、热运动规律的研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):85-89.
[35]扈军亚.耕作与灌溉的小气候效应[J].现代农村科技,2015,(1):41-42.
[36] Azooz R H,Lowery B,Daniel T C. Impact of tillage and residue management on soil heat flux[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1997,(84):207-222.
[37]李潮海,刘奎.不同施肥条件下夏玉米光合对生理生态因子的响应[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):265-269.
[38]代家凤.不同耕作、秸秆覆盖及灌溉方式对水稻生长及土壤理化性状的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2014.
[39]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.
[40]邹君,杨玉蓉,谢小立.不同水分灌溉下的水稻生态效应研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自科版),2004,30(3):212-215.
[2]包云轩,黄寿波,胡飞.气象学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006:324.
[3]彭小光.不同施氮条件下水稻农田小气候温湿度变化研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2007.
[4] He F. Effects of N rates on canopy microclimate and population health in irrigated rice[J]. Agricultural Science&Technology,2009,10(6):79-83.
[5]刘洋,栗岩峰,李久生,等.东北半湿润区膜下滴灌对农田水热和玉米产量的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):93-104.
[6] Adams P D,Weaver D B. Brachytic stem trait,row spacing,and plant population effects on soybean yield[J]. Crop Science,1998,38(3):750-755.
[7]王兴亚,周勋波,钟雯雯,等.种植方式和施氮量对冬小麦产量和农田小气候的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):14-21.
[8]雷钧杰,张永强,陈兴武,等.施氮量对新疆滴灌冬小麦冠层结构及其小气候特征的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2017,22(10):1-14.
[9] Yoon Y K,Yun J I. Using synoptic data to predict air temperature within rice canopies across geographic areas[J]. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2001,3(4):199-205.
[10] Confalonieri R,Mariani L,Faeehetti M,et al. Analysis of temperature profiles in flooded rice field:preliminary results[J]. International Rice Research Notes,2002,27(2):39-40.
[11]王庆改,康跃虎,刘海军,等.喷灌对冠层水汽交换的影响[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(1):46-51.
[12] Tolk J A,Howell T A,Steiner J L,et al. Role of transpiration suppression by evaporation of intercepted water in improving irrigation efficiency[J]. Irrigation Science,1995,6(2):89-95.
[13]谭孟祥,景元书,薛杨,等.水层深度对早稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温过程时叶片生理特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(5):553-560.
[14]余卫东,成林.灌溉对孕穗期冬小麦农田温度的影响[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1 701-1 706.
[15]孙贯芳,杜斌,屈忠义,等.不同灌溉模式下土壤温度的变化及对气温的响应特征[J].土壤,2016,(3):581-587.
[16] Cavero J,Medina E T,Puig M,et al. Sprinkler irrigation changes maize canopy microclimate and crop water status,transpiration,and temperature.[J]. Agronomy Journal,2009,101(4):854-864.
[17]李智,尹娟,郑艳军.不同灌溉定额对枸杞光合特性及产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2016,(9):71-73.
[18]戚迎龙,史海滨,李瑞平,等.膜下滴灌水氮耦合对玉米光合特性的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017,(1):50-52.
[19] Saadia R,Huber L,Lacroix B. Modification du microclimat d'un couvert de ma6s au moyen de l'irrigation par aspersion en vue de la gestion des stress thermiques des organes reproducteurs[J]. Agronomie,1996,16(8):465-477.
[20] Wanjura D F,Upchurch D R. Canopy temperature characterizations of corn and cotton water status[J]. Transactions of the Asae,2000,43(4):867-875.
[21]杨彩红,柴强.交替灌溉对绿洲灌区间作小麦光合日变化的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(8):1 028-1 036.
[22]许秀娟,张嵩午.冷型小麦灌浆期农田小气候特征分析[J].中国生态农业学报,2002,10(4):34-37.
[23]严菊芳,张嵩午,刘党校,等.干旱胁迫下不同温型小麦农田微气象特征研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(10):49-54.
[24]王波,余海兵,支银娟.玉米不同种植模式对田间小气候和产量的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(3):623-627.
[25]宋伟,赵长星,王月福,等.不同种植方式对花生田间小气候效应和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7 188-7 195.
[26]张世春,聂晓,王毅勇,等.浅水灌溉对寒地井灌稻田温度和产量构成因素的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,39(12):86-89.
[27]周立宏,李秀芬,王伯伦,等.稻田小气候特征及其对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(5):81-85.
[28]钟阳和施生锦.农业小气候学(面向21世纪课程教材)[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[29]张盼盼,周瑜,宋慧,等.不同肥力水平下糜子生长状况及农田小气候特征比较[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):473-480.
[30]张永强,沈彦俊,刘昌明,等.华北平原典型农田水、热与CO2通量的测定[J].地理学报,2002,57(3):333-342.
[31]许华森,毕华兴,高路博,等.晋西黄土区苹果+大豆间作系统小气候及其对作物生产力的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(2):9-15.
[32]李莉娜,刘兆礼,闫敏华,等.毛苔草、漂筏苔草沼泽地与大豆地近地层晴夜气温和相对湿度分布及对比研究[J].湿地科学,2010,8(1):86-91.
[33]陈丽娟,张新民,王小军,等.不同土壤水分处理对膜上灌春小麦土壤温度的影响[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):9-13.
[34]韩丙芳,田军仓,杨金忠.玉米膜上灌溉条件下土壤水、热运动规律的研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(12):85-89.
[35]扈军亚.耕作与灌溉的小气候效应[J].现代农村科技,2015,(1):41-42.
[36] Azooz R H,Lowery B,Daniel T C. Impact of tillage and residue management on soil heat flux[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,1997,(84):207-222.
[37]李潮海,刘奎.不同施肥条件下夏玉米光合对生理生态因子的响应[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):265-269.
[38]代家凤.不同耕作、秸秆覆盖及灌溉方式对水稻生长及土壤理化性状的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2014.
[39]于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.
[40]邹君,杨玉蓉,谢小立.不同水分灌溉下的水稻生态效应研究[J].湖南农业大学学报(自科版),2004,30(3):212-215.