温度对高粱蚜生命参数的影响
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摘要
采用生命表构建技术研究了不同温度(12、15、18、21、24、27、28℃)对高粱蚜种群生命参数的影响。结果表明,随着温度的升高,高粱蚜若虫发育历期和成虫寿命逐渐缩短,在12℃时高粱蚜若虫平均发育历期为18.32 d,28℃时为5.04 d,二者相差3.63倍;成虫平均寿命在12℃时为56.42 d,28℃时为18.23 d,二者相差3.09倍。内禀增长率、净增殖率、周限增长率、平均世代周期、种群加倍时间在不同温度间也存在显著差异。内禀增长率、净增殖率、周限增长率在24℃时最高,温度升高或降低其值均下降。12℃时内禀增长率、周限增长率最低,分别为0.126、1.134;28℃时净增殖率最低,为31.04。种群加倍时间在24℃时最短,12℃时最长;平均世代周期随温度升高而逐渐变短,12℃时为33.32 d,28℃时为12.02 d。综上所述,温度对高粱蚜的生长发育存在显著影响,在低温和高温条件下高粱蚜的生长发育受到抑制,发育缓慢;24℃是高粱蚜的最适生长温度,该温度下害虫内禀增长率高,世代周期短,种群快速增长。研究结果有助于人们了解高粱蚜在高粱植株上的种群动态,为高粱蚜的预测预报及综合防控策略的制定奠定基础。
The life table construction technique was used to study the effects of different temperatures(12,15,18,21,24,27,28 ℃) on the life parameters of the sorghum aphid population. The results showed that the developmental times of nymphs and adult longevity of Melanaphis sacchari decreased significantly as constant temperature increased. The average development period of the nymphs of sorghum aphid was 18. 32 d at 12 ℃,5. 04 d at 28 ℃,and 3. 63 times the difference between the two. The average longevity of adults was 56. 42 d at 12 ℃,18. 23 d at28 ℃,and 3. 09 times the difference between the two. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ),mean generation time(T) and double population time(t) were also significantly different under different temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ) reached the highest at 24 ℃,as the temperature increased or decreased,the intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ) all decreased. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm) and finite rate of increase(λ) were the lowest at 12 ℃,which were 0. 126 and 1. 134,respectively. The lowest net reproductive rate(Ro) at 28 ℃ was 31. 04. The double population time(t) was the shortest at 24 ℃ and the longest at 12 ℃. The mean generation time(T) became shorter with temperature,33. 32 d at 12 ℃ and 12. 02 d at 28 ℃.In summary,the temperature had a significant effect on the growth and development of sorghum apid,and the growth and development of sorghum aphid were inhibited and the development was slow at low and high temperatures. 24 ℃was the optimum growth temperature for sorghum aphid,at this temperature,the intrinsic growth rate of sorghum aphid was high,the generation cycle was short,and the population increased rapidly. These results would help us understand the population dynamics of sorghum aphid on sorghum plants,and lay a solid foundation for the prediction of sorghum aphid.
The life table construction technique was used to study the effects of different temperatures(12,15,18,21,24,27,28 ℃) on the life parameters of the sorghum aphid population. The results showed that the developmental times of nymphs and adult longevity of Melanaphis sacchari decreased significantly as constant temperature increased. The average development period of the nymphs of sorghum aphid was 18. 32 d at 12 ℃,5. 04 d at 28 ℃,and 3. 63 times the difference between the two. The average longevity of adults was 56. 42 d at 12 ℃,18. 23 d at28 ℃,and 3. 09 times the difference between the two. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ),mean generation time(T) and double population time(t) were also significantly different under different temperatures. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ) reached the highest at 24 ℃,as the temperature increased or decreased,the intrinsic rate of increase(rm),net reproductive rate(Ro),finite rate of increase(λ) all decreased. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm) and finite rate of increase(λ) were the lowest at 12 ℃,which were 0. 126 and 1. 134,respectively. The lowest net reproductive rate(Ro) at 28 ℃ was 31. 04. The double population time(t) was the shortest at 24 ℃ and the longest at 12 ℃. The mean generation time(T) became shorter with temperature,33. 32 d at 12 ℃ and 12. 02 d at 28 ℃.In summary,the temperature had a significant effect on the growth and development of sorghum apid,and the growth and development of sorghum aphid were inhibited and the development was slow at low and high temperatures. 24 ℃was the optimum growth temperature for sorghum aphid,at this temperature,the intrinsic growth rate of sorghum aphid was high,the generation cycle was short,and the population increased rapidly. These results would help us understand the population dynamics of sorghum aphid on sorghum plants,and lay a solid foundation for the prediction of sorghum aphid.
引文
[1]CHANG J H,DUAN X F,CUI J H,et al.Differential molecular responses of aphid-sensitive and aphid-resistant sorghum lines to aphid infestation[J].Arthropod-Plant Interactions,2012,6(1):113-120.
[2]CHANG J H,XIA X Y,ZHANG L,et al.Analysis of the resistance gene to the sorghum aphid,Melanaphis sacchari,with SSR marker in Sorghum bicolor[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2006,15(2):113-118.
[3]GUO C S,CUI W,FENG C,et al.Sorghum insect problems and management[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2011,53(3):178-192.
[4]CHINNARAJAL C,VISWANATHANL R.Quantification of sugarcane yellow leaf virus in sugarcane following transmission through aphid vector,Melanaphis sacchari[J].Virus Disease,2015,26(4):237-242.
[5]DHILLON M K,SHARMA H C,PAMPAPATHY G,et al.Cytoplasmic male-sterility affects expression of resistance to shoot bug(Peregrinus maidis),sugarcane aphid(Melanaphis sacchari)and spotted stem borer(Chilo partellus)in sorghum[J].Journal of SAT Agricultural Research,2006,47(1):66-68.
[6]YANIK E,UNLU L.Influence of temperature and humidity on the life history parameters and prey consumption of Anthocoris minki Dohun(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae)[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2011,46(2):177-184.
[7]KONTODIMAS D C,MILONAS P G,STATHAS G J,et al.Life table parameters of the aphid predators Coccinella septempunctata,Ceratomegilla undecimnotata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].European Journal of Entomology,2008,105(3):427-430.
[8]杜军利,武德功,吕宁,等.不同温度条件下两种色型豌豆蚜的种群参数[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):91-99.DU J L,WU D G,LYU N,et al.Population parameters of two pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)color morphs at different temperatures[J].Acta Prateculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):91-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]杜军利,武德功,张廷伟,等.紫外(UV-B)辐射对不同色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1626-1630.DU J L,WU D G,ZHANG T W,et al.Effects of UV-B radiation on biological characteristics of different color pea aphid morphs(Acyrthosiphon pisum)[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2012,20(12):1626-1630.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]姚洁,戴仁怀,代传勇,等.温度对菜豆象发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(7):739-746.YAO J,DAI R H,DAI C Y,et al.Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Acanthoscelides obtectus(Coleopters:Bruchidae)[J].Entomologica Sinica,2016,59(7):739-746.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘长仲,杜军利,张廷伟,等.温度对三叶草彩斑蚜种群参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(7):1927-1932.LIU C Z,DU J L,ZHANG T W,et al.Effects of temperature on population parameters of Therioaphis trifolii(Monell)(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(7):1927-1932.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]GAO G Z,PERKINS L E.Effect of temperature on the biology of Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko(Homoptera:Aphididae)on cotton[J].Journal of Pest Science,2013,86(2):167-172.
[13]王蕴生,暴祥致,桂承明,等.高粱蚜Aphis saeehari Zehntner的研究[J].昆虫学报,1961,10(4/5/6):363-380.WANG Y S,BAO X Z,GUI C M,et al.Studies on sorghum aphid Aphis saeehari Zehntner[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,1961,10(4/5/6):363-380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]CALDWELL M M,FLINT S D.Stratospheric ozone reduction,solar UV-B radiation and terrestrial ecosystem[J].Climatic Change,1994,28(4):375-394.
[15]BIRCH L C.The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1984,17(1):15-26.
[16]CAMPBELL A,FRAZER B D,GILBERT N,et al.Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1974,11(2):431-438.
[17]许乐园,米勇,卢虹,等.麦长管蚜在不同温度下的年龄-龄期生命表[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(6):673-679.XU L Y,MI Y,LU H,et al.The age-stage life tables of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)at different temperatures[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2014,41(6):673-679.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]周晓榕,卜庆国,庞保平.温度对桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(7):837-843.ZHOU X R,BU Q G,PANG B P.Population of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(7):837-843.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王堇秀,李学军,王宁.温度对胡萝卜微管蚜生长发育繁殖的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):564-573.WANG J X,LI X J,WANG N.Influence of temperature on the development,survival and reproduction of Semiaphis heraclei(Takahashi)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,53(3):564-573.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]ROY M,BRODEUR J,CLOUTIER C.Effect of temperature on intrinsic rates of natural increase(rm)of a coccinellid and its spider mite prey[J].Bio Contol,2003,48(1):57-72.
[21]WHALEN R,HARMON J.Temperature alters the interaction between a herbivore and a resistant host plant[J].ArthropodPlant Interactions,2015,9(3):233-240.
[2]CHANG J H,XIA X Y,ZHANG L,et al.Analysis of the resistance gene to the sorghum aphid,Melanaphis sacchari,with SSR marker in Sorghum bicolor[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2006,15(2):113-118.
[3]GUO C S,CUI W,FENG C,et al.Sorghum insect problems and management[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology,2011,53(3):178-192.
[4]CHINNARAJAL C,VISWANATHANL R.Quantification of sugarcane yellow leaf virus in sugarcane following transmission through aphid vector,Melanaphis sacchari[J].Virus Disease,2015,26(4):237-242.
[5]DHILLON M K,SHARMA H C,PAMPAPATHY G,et al.Cytoplasmic male-sterility affects expression of resistance to shoot bug(Peregrinus maidis),sugarcane aphid(Melanaphis sacchari)and spotted stem borer(Chilo partellus)in sorghum[J].Journal of SAT Agricultural Research,2006,47(1):66-68.
[6]YANIK E,UNLU L.Influence of temperature and humidity on the life history parameters and prey consumption of Anthocoris minki Dohun(Heteroptera:Anthocoridae)[J].Applied Entomology and Zoology,2011,46(2):177-184.
[7]KONTODIMAS D C,MILONAS P G,STATHAS G J,et al.Life table parameters of the aphid predators Coccinella septempunctata,Ceratomegilla undecimnotata and Propylea quatuordecimpunctata(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)[J].European Journal of Entomology,2008,105(3):427-430.
[8]杜军利,武德功,吕宁,等.不同温度条件下两种色型豌豆蚜的种群参数[J].草业学报,2015,24(11):91-99.DU J L,WU D G,LYU N,et al.Population parameters of two pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)color morphs at different temperatures[J].Acta Prateculturae Sinica,2015,24(11):91-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]杜军利,武德功,张廷伟,等.紫外(UV-B)辐射对不同色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(12):1626-1630.DU J L,WU D G,ZHANG T W,et al.Effects of UV-B radiation on biological characteristics of different color pea aphid morphs(Acyrthosiphon pisum)[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2012,20(12):1626-1630.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]姚洁,戴仁怀,代传勇,等.温度对菜豆象发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2016,59(7):739-746.YAO J,DAI R H,DAI C Y,et al.Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of Acanthoscelides obtectus(Coleopters:Bruchidae)[J].Entomologica Sinica,2016,59(7):739-746.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]刘长仲,杜军利,张廷伟,等.温度对三叶草彩斑蚜种群参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(7):1927-1932.LIU C Z,DU J L,ZHANG T W,et al.Effects of temperature on population parameters of Therioaphis trifolii(Monell)(Homoptera:Aphididae)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(7):1927-1932.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]GAO G Z,PERKINS L E.Effect of temperature on the biology of Acyrthosiphon gossypii Mordvilko(Homoptera:Aphididae)on cotton[J].Journal of Pest Science,2013,86(2):167-172.
[13]王蕴生,暴祥致,桂承明,等.高粱蚜Aphis saeehari Zehntner的研究[J].昆虫学报,1961,10(4/5/6):363-380.WANG Y S,BAO X Z,GUI C M,et al.Studies on sorghum aphid Aphis saeehari Zehntner[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,1961,10(4/5/6):363-380.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]CALDWELL M M,FLINT S D.Stratospheric ozone reduction,solar UV-B radiation and terrestrial ecosystem[J].Climatic Change,1994,28(4):375-394.
[15]BIRCH L C.The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,1984,17(1):15-26.
[16]CAMPBELL A,FRAZER B D,GILBERT N,et al.Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,1974,11(2):431-438.
[17]许乐园,米勇,卢虹,等.麦长管蚜在不同温度下的年龄-龄期生命表[J].植物保护学报,2014,41(6):673-679.XU L Y,MI Y,LU H,et al.The age-stage life tables of Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)at different temperatures[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2014,41(6):673-679.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]周晓榕,卜庆国,庞保平.温度对桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜实验种群生命表参数的影响[J].昆虫学报,2014,57(7):837-843.ZHOU X R,BU Q G,PANG B P.Population of Myzus persicae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2014,57(7):837-843.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王堇秀,李学军,王宁.温度对胡萝卜微管蚜生长发育繁殖的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2016,53(3):564-573.WANG J X,LI X J,WANG N.Influence of temperature on the development,survival and reproduction of Semiaphis heraclei(Takahashi)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,53(3):564-573.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]ROY M,BRODEUR J,CLOUTIER C.Effect of temperature on intrinsic rates of natural increase(rm)of a coccinellid and its spider mite prey[J].Bio Contol,2003,48(1):57-72.
[21]WHALEN R,HARMON J.Temperature alters the interaction between a herbivore and a resistant host plant[J].ArthropodPlant Interactions,2015,9(3):233-240.