预包装老年食品现状及营养声称分析
|
摘要
目的:了解我国老年预包装食品市场,为老年食品国家标准的制定及老年食品的研发提供科学依据。方法:使用横断面调查,分析收集的220例预包装老年食品营养声称情况。结果:220例老年食品可分为调制乳粉、液态饮料类、糕点类和芝麻糊等四类,分别占调查总数的31. 4%、12. 3%、39. 5%和16. 4%。调制乳粉类以强化补充蛋白质、钙、铁、锌、维生素C和维生素A、D、E为主要特点,部分产品添加膳食纤维、牛磺酸、植物甾醇和益生菌。维生素B1、B2、叶酸添加率较低,未发现有维生素K、烟酸等的添加。液态饮料类以"低脂、脱脂、无乳糖"为特点,55. 5%产品强化钙。糕点、饼干类分为糕点类(73. 5%)和饼干类(26. 5%),营养声称"富含膳食纤维""粗粮纤维""无蔗糖、麦芽糖醇"等为特点,但"低脂"产品仅占8. 0%,脂肪含量总体较高。芝麻糊等类,藕粉类(27. 8%)、芝麻糊(58. 3%)、核桃和其他坚果粉(18. 9%),冲调食用,易于老年人消化和吸收,口感丰富。结论:目前市售的老年食品较少,品种单一,以调制乳粉、糕点、饼干为主;添加营养素的种类和含量参差不齐,部分产品脂肪含量过高。乳粉、豆粉及其制品可以作为老年食品的首选载体。建议加强老年食品的标准化管理,促进老年食品产业的发展。
Objective To investigate the status of prepackaged foods for aged,to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of national standards of aged food and the research and development of aged food. Method We Collected 220 prepackaged foods for aged in cross-sectional survey and analysis of the nutrition claims which include addition dose ranges and rates of energy,core nutrients and fortified nutrients. Result The 220 prepackaged foods for aged could be divided into four categories,modified milk powder,liquid drink,pastry and sesame powder,accounting for 31. 4%,12. 3%,39. 5% and 16. 4% of the total number of the survey. Modified milk powder was mainly characterized by fortified protein,calcium,iron and zinc,vitamin C,vitamin A,D and E,and some products were added with dietary fiber,taurine,phytosterol and probiotics. The addition rate of folic acid,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was low. No addition of vitamin K and niacin was found. Liquid drinks were characterized by low fat,fat-free and lactose free,with 55. 5% calcium fortified products. Pastries were divided into pastry( 73. 5%) and biscuit( 26. 5%). Nutrition claims rich in dietary fiber,coarse grain fiber,no sucrose and other characteristics,but low fat products only accounted for 8. 0%,the fat content was high. Sesame powder and other categories were divided into lotus root flour( 27. 8%),sesame powder( 58. 3%),walnut powder( 18. 9%),this type of product was easy for the elderly to digest and absorb. Conclusion At present,there are few kinds of pre-packaged aged food,and the variety is single. The preferred food substrate for the aged prepackaged food is milk and soy powder. It is suggested to strengthen the standardized management of food for aged and promote the development of the geriatric food industry.
Objective To investigate the status of prepackaged foods for aged,to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of national standards of aged food and the research and development of aged food. Method We Collected 220 prepackaged foods for aged in cross-sectional survey and analysis of the nutrition claims which include addition dose ranges and rates of energy,core nutrients and fortified nutrients. Result The 220 prepackaged foods for aged could be divided into four categories,modified milk powder,liquid drink,pastry and sesame powder,accounting for 31. 4%,12. 3%,39. 5% and 16. 4% of the total number of the survey. Modified milk powder was mainly characterized by fortified protein,calcium,iron and zinc,vitamin C,vitamin A,D and E,and some products were added with dietary fiber,taurine,phytosterol and probiotics. The addition rate of folic acid,vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 was low. No addition of vitamin K and niacin was found. Liquid drinks were characterized by low fat,fat-free and lactose free,with 55. 5% calcium fortified products. Pastries were divided into pastry( 73. 5%) and biscuit( 26. 5%). Nutrition claims rich in dietary fiber,coarse grain fiber,no sucrose and other characteristics,but low fat products only accounted for 8. 0%,the fat content was high. Sesame powder and other categories were divided into lotus root flour( 27. 8%),sesame powder( 58. 3%),walnut powder( 18. 9%),this type of product was easy for the elderly to digest and absorb. Conclusion At present,there are few kinds of pre-packaged aged food,and the variety is single. The preferred food substrate for the aged prepackaged food is milk and soy powder. It is suggested to strengthen the standardized management of food for aged and promote the development of the geriatric food industry.
引文
[1]中国营养学会.国民营养计划(2017-2030年)[J].营养学报,2017,39(4):315-320.
[2]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(专业版)[M].北京:人民出版社,2016.
[3]Ortega O,Martín,Alberto,Clavé,Pere.Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia among older persons,state of the art[J].Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,2017,18(7):576-582.
[4]阮顺莉,郭菊红,陈茜,等.1 025名居家60岁以上老年人吞咽障碍现状及其影响因素分析[J].护理学报,2017,24(20):41-44.
[5]刘蒙蒙,刘祖阳,刘敏,等.四川省7市县老年人膳食摄入状况调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018(3):352-356.
[6]梁新蓉,陆春,谢易珊,等.柳州市某区1 000名55岁及以上中老年人膳食营养状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(14):2531-3533.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7718-2004预包装食品标签通则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 28050-2011食品安全国家标准预包装食品营养标签通则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[9]陈龙,梁栋,李湖中,等.我国市售婴儿配方食品中可选择成分使用现状调查[J].中国食品添加剂,2017(8):69-73.
[10]潘琦,郭立新,肖琛嫦,等.湖北省老年人健康状况调查分析[J].中华老年医学杂志,2016,35(6):672-676.
[11]吴彩芳,陆允伟,李或,等.上海三家长照机构600例老年人膳食摄入和营养状况研究[J].老年医学与保健,2018(1):30-33.
[12]Holly R,Jayne H,Jo J,et al.Adult nutrient intakes from current national dietary surveys of european populations[J].Nutrients,2017,9(12):1288-1335.
[13]Zhang R,Wang Z,Fei Y,et al.The Difference in nutrient intakes between Chinese and Mediterranean,Japanese and American diets[J].Nutrients,2015,7(6):4661-4688.
[14]桃野慶二.超高齢社会における新しい介護食品(スマイルケア食)の取組[J].日補綴会誌,2016(8):121-125.
[15]刘阳,陆颖,杨晶明,等.我国预包装食品碳水化合物及能量水平监测和分析[J].中国食物与营养,2018,24(5):50-54.
[2]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(专业版)[M].北京:人民出版社,2016.
[3]Ortega O,Martín,Alberto,Clavé,Pere.Diagnosis and management of oropharyngeal dysphagia among older persons,state of the art[J].Journal of the American Medical Directors Association,2017,18(7):576-582.
[4]阮顺莉,郭菊红,陈茜,等.1 025名居家60岁以上老年人吞咽障碍现状及其影响因素分析[J].护理学报,2017,24(20):41-44.
[5]刘蒙蒙,刘祖阳,刘敏,等.四川省7市县老年人膳食摄入状况调查[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018(3):352-356.
[6]梁新蓉,陆春,谢易珊,等.柳州市某区1 000名55岁及以上中老年人膳食营养状况调查[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(14):2531-3533.
[7]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 7718-2004预包装食品标签通则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[8]中华人民共和国卫生部GB 28050-2011食品安全国家标准预包装食品营养标签通则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2011.
[9]陈龙,梁栋,李湖中,等.我国市售婴儿配方食品中可选择成分使用现状调查[J].中国食品添加剂,2017(8):69-73.
[10]潘琦,郭立新,肖琛嫦,等.湖北省老年人健康状况调查分析[J].中华老年医学杂志,2016,35(6):672-676.
[11]吴彩芳,陆允伟,李或,等.上海三家长照机构600例老年人膳食摄入和营养状况研究[J].老年医学与保健,2018(1):30-33.
[12]Holly R,Jayne H,Jo J,et al.Adult nutrient intakes from current national dietary surveys of european populations[J].Nutrients,2017,9(12):1288-1335.
[13]Zhang R,Wang Z,Fei Y,et al.The Difference in nutrient intakes between Chinese and Mediterranean,Japanese and American diets[J].Nutrients,2015,7(6):4661-4688.
[14]桃野慶二.超高齢社会における新しい介護食品(スマイルケア食)の取組[J].日補綴会誌,2016(8):121-125.
[15]刘阳,陆颖,杨晶明,等.我国预包装食品碳水化合物及能量水平监测和分析[J].中国食物与营养,2018,24(5):50-54.